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1 to conflict with the interests
English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > to conflict with the interests
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2 conflict
∎ she often comes into conflict with her mother elle entre souvent en conflit ou se heurte souvent avec sa mère;∎ this was in conflict with her principles c'était en conflit ou en contradiction avec ses principes∎ to be in conflict (with) être en conflit (avec);∎ the parties are often in conflict les partis sont souvent en désaccord;∎ our differing beliefs brought us into conflict nos croyances divergentes nous ont opposés;∎ the unions are in conflict with the management les syndicats sont en conflit avec la direction;∎ there is a conflict between the two statements les deux déclarations ne concordent pas(a) (ideas, interests) s'opposer, se heurter;∎ the research findings conflict with this view les résultats des recherches sont en contradiction avec ou contredisent cette idée;∎ the policies conflict (with one another) ces politiques sont incompatibles►► a conflict of interests un conflit d'intérêts -
3 conflict
A n1 Mil conflit m ; armed conflict conflit armé ; the Middle East conflict le conflit au Proche Orient ; to be in/come into conflict lit, fig être/entrer en conflit (with avec) ;2 ( dispute) conflit m (between entre) ; his campaign brought him into conflict with the party il est entré en conflit avec le parti à cause de sa campagne ;3 ( dilemma) conflit m (between entre) ; conflict of interests conflit d'intérêts ; to have a conflict of loyalties être déchiré par des loyautés contradictoires.B vi ( contradict) [statement, feeling, attitude] être en contradiction (with avec) ; ( clash) [events, programme] tomber au même moment (with que). -
4 conflict
̘. ̈n.ˈkɔnflɪkt
1. сущ.
1) конфликт, вооруженное столкновение;
борьба;
сражение( конфликт может носить затяжной характер) the bloody conflicts (of) ≈ кровавые конфликты armed conflict ≈ вооруженный конфликт Syn: fight, battle
2) коллизия, конфликт, конфликтная ситуация, столкновение;
столкновение противоположностей to come into conflict with ≈ вступить в конфликт с (кем-л.) to provoke a conflict ≈ спровоцировать конфликт the recurring conflicts between church and state ≈ повторяющиеся конфликты между церковью и государством conflict of interests ≈ конфликт интересов conflict of laws Syn: dispute, collision, controversy
3) противоречие to resolve a conflict ≈ разрешить противоречие a conflict between neighboring countries over their common border ≈ противоречия между соседствующими государствами, возникшие в связи с вопросами общей границы a conflict with one's relatives about the terms of a will ≈ спор между родственниками по вопросам наследства Their stories are in conflict with each other. ≈ Их рассказы противоречат друг другу. internal conflicts ≈ внутренние противоречия
4) столкновение, удар the conflicts of the ice-masses ≈ столкновение ледяных глыб
2. гл.
1) бороться, сражаться Syn: fight
2., contend, to do battle
2) быть в конфликте( with) ;
бороться;
вступать в конфликт My opinions conflict with yours. ≈ Я с вами не согласен.
3) вступать в противоречие, противоречить( with - чему-л.) Doesn't the prisoner's story conflict with the known facts? ≈ Противоречат ли показания задержанного известным фактам? Syn: to come into collision, to be incompatible конфликт, столкновение;
борьба;
- * between religion and science противоборство религии и науки;
- * of interest столкновение интересов;
злоупотребление положением (особ. члена конгресса) ;
- conflict-of-interest law запрещение( государственным служащим, членам конгресса и т. п.) одновременно занимать посты в частных корпорациях и т. п.;
- conflict-of-interest violation злоупотребление своим положением (сенатора и т. п.) в интересах частной корпорации и т. п.;
- * of jurisdiction (юридическое) коллизия прав;
- * of laws частное международное право;
коллизионное право;
коллизия правовых норм (разных государств или штатов США) вооруженный конфликт, война борьба мнений, принципов и т. п. противоречие;
- * of evidence противоречие в свидетельских показаниях (психологическое) внутренний конфликт;
борьба противоречивых чувств, амбивалентность чувств противоречить;
- my interests * with yours мои интересы противоречат вашим;
- some British laws * with international laws некоторые законы Великобритании не соответствуют международным нормам;
- your account of the causes of war *s with ours наше представление о причинах войны расходится с вшим конфликтовать;
вступать в конфликт, бороться account ~ конфликт между рекламодателями bank ~ вчт. конфликт в блоке памяти be in ~ with противоречить bus ~ вчт. конфликтная ситуация на шине concurrency ~ вчт. конфликт параметра обработки conflict борьба ~ борьба мнений ~ борьба принципов ~ быть в конфликте ~ вооруженный конфликт ~ вступать в конфликт ~ коллидировать ~ коллизия ~ конфликт, столкновение ~ конфликт ~ конфликтовать ~ противоречие;
internal conflicts внутренние противоречия ~ противоречие ~ противоречить (with - чему-л.) ;
to conflict with reality противоречить (реальной) действительности ~ противоречить ~ столкновение ~ of authority конфликт власти ~ of authority столкновение полномочий ~ of interest конфликт интереса ~ of interests конфликт интересов ~ of interests столкновение интересов ~ of laws юр. коллизионное право;
частное международное право ~ of laws коллизионное право ~ of laws коллизия правовых норм ~ of laws коллизия (конфликт) правовых норм ~ of laws юр. конфликт правовых норм ~ of laws конфликт правовых норм ~ of laws provision положение коллизионного права ~ of laws rule правило коллизионного права ~ on labour market конфликт на рынке труда ~ with вчт. конфликтовать с with: conflict ~ противоречить ~ противоречить (with - чему-л.) ;
to conflict with reality противоречить (реальной) действительности data ~ вчт. конфликт по данным hashing ~ вчт. конфликт при хэшировании in ~ with в противоречии с industrial ~ производственный конфликт ~ противоречие;
internal conflicts внутренние противоречия jurisdictional ~ судебный конфликт legal ~ судебный конфликт lock ~ вчт. конфликт при блокировках name ~ вчт. конфликт по именам names ~ вчт. конфликт имен nationality ~ конфликт на национальной почве network ~ вчт. конфликт в сети storage access ~ вчт. конфликт по обращению к памяти type ~ вчт. несоответствие типовБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > conflict
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5 conflict
1. nouncome into conflict with somebody/something — mit jemandem/etwas in Konflikt geraten
be in conflict with somebody/something — (fig.) mit jemandem/etwas im Kampf liegen
2) (clashing) Konflikt, der2. intransitive verb(be incompatible) sich (Dat.) widersprechenconflict with something — einer Sache (Dat.) widersprechen
* * *1. ['konflikt] noun1) ((a) disagreement: There was considerable conflict about which plan should be accepted.) der Streit2) (a fight or battle.) der Zusammenstoß2. [kən'flikt] verb(to contradict each other; to disagree: The two accounts of what had happened conflicted (with each other).) kollidieren* * *con·flictI. n[ˈkɒnflɪkt, AM ˈkɑ:n-]\conflict of interests Interessenskonflikt mto be in \conflict with sb mit jdm im Streit liegenthere have been several \conflicts between the two countries zwischen den beiden Ländern gab es mehrere kämpferische Auseinandersetzungen3. LAWC\conflict of Laws Kollisionsrecht nt, Gesetzeskonflikt mII. vi[kənˈflɪkt]▪ to \conflict with sb mit jdm im Konflikt liegento \conflict with each other sich gegenseitig widersprechen* * *['kɒnflɪkt]1. nKonflikt m; (of moral issues, ideas also) Widerstreit m, Zwiespalt m; (between two accounts etc) Widerspruch m; (= fighting) Zusammenstoß mto be in conflict with sb/sth —
to come into conflict with sb/sth — mit jdm/etw in Konflikt geraten
open/armed conflict — offener Konflikt/bewaffneter Zusammenstoß
conflict of interests/opinions — Interessen-/Meinungskonflikt m
2. vi[kən'flɪkt] im Widerspruch stehen (with zu), widersprechen ( with +dat)their opinions on the subject conflict — in diesem Punkt stehen ihre Ansichten im Widerspruch zueinander
* * *A s [ˈkɒnflıkt; US ˈkɑn-] Konflikt m (auch im Drama etc):a) (feindlicher) Zusammenstoß, Zusammenprall m, Auseinandersetzung f, Kampf m, Kontroverse f:conflict research Konfliktforschung f;b) Widerstreit m, -spruch m:come into conflict with sb mit jemandem in Konflikt geraten;conflict of ideas Ideenkonflikt;inner conflict innerer oder seelischer KonfliktB v/i [kənˈflıkt] (with) in Konflikt stehen, kollidieren (mit), im Widerspruch oder Gegensatz stehen (zu):conflicting laws einander widersprechende Gesetze* * *1. nouncome into conflict with somebody/something — mit jemandem/etwas in Konflikt geraten
be in conflict with somebody/something — (fig.) mit jemandem/etwas im Kampf liegen
2) (clashing) Konflikt, der2. intransitive verb(be incompatible) sich (Dat.) widersprechenconflict with something — einer Sache (Dat.) widersprechen
* * *n.Konflikt -e m.Streit -e m. -
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1. ['kɔnflɪkt] сущ.1) конфликт, столкновение; коллизияconflict of interests — конфликт, противоборство интересов
the recurring conflicts between church and state — повторяющиеся конфликты между церковью и государством
to come into conflict with smb. / smth. — вступить в конфликт, противоборство с кем-л. / чем-л.
Syn:2) = armed conflict вооружённый конфликт, столкновение; войнаSyn:3) противоречие; спорa conflict between neighbouring countries over their common border — споры между сопредельными государствами по вопросу общей границы
a conflict with one's relatives about the terms of a will — спор между родственниками по вопросам наследства
Their stories are in conflict with each other. — Их рассказы противоречат друг другу.
4) психол. внутренний конфликт; психологический конфликт (столкновение противоречивых чувств, стремлений личности)5) уст. столкновение, удар2. [kən'flɪkt] гл.1) противоречить, вступать в противоречиеDoesn't the prisoner's story conflict with the known facts? — Не противоречат ли показания задержанного известным фактам?
Parents' and children's interests sometimes conflict. — Интересы родителей и детей подчас вступают в противоречие.
2) конфликтовать, вступать в конфликтIf the two sides conflict with each other again, it will be disastrous for party unity. — Если конфликт между двумя сторонами возобновится, это самым гибельным образом скажется на единстве партии.
3) уст. бороться, сражаться, вступать в вооружённый конфликтSyn: -
7 conflict
{'kɔnflikt}
I. 1. борба, стълкновение, конфликт
2. противоречие, различие, сблъскване
II. 1. в противоречие/конфликт съм, противореча (with с, на)
2. ост. боря се* * *{'kъnflikt} n 1. борба, стълкновение, конфликт; 2. противоре(2) {kъn'flikt} v 1. в противоречие/конфликт съм, противореч* * *стълкновение; борба; противоречие; противореча; конфликт;* * *1. i. борба, стълкновение, конфликт 2. ii. в противоречие/конфликт съм, противореча (with с, на) 3. ост. боря се 4. противоречие, различие, сблъскване* * *conflict[´kɔnflikt] I. n 1. борба, стълкновение, сблъсък, конфликт; противоречие, различие; armed \conflict военно стълкновение; \conflict of interests сблъсък на интереси; to come into \conflict with влизам в конфликт (стълкновение) с; your statement is in \conflict with the evidence твърдението ти противоречи на доказателствата; to bring into \conflict водя до стълкновение; an inner \conflict вътрешна (душевна) борба; 2. ост. сблъскване (на две тела); II.[kən´flikt] v 1. съм в противоречие (конфликт), противореча; несъвместим съм ( with с, на); 2. ост. боря се ( with). -
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conflit m;∎ the unions are in conflict with the management les syndicats sont en conflit avec la direction;∎ a conflict of interests un conflit d'intérêts;∎ her presence on the boards of two competing companies has led to a conflict of interests le fait qu'elle siège au conseil d'administration de deux entreprises concurrentes a débouché sur un conflit d'intérêts -
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n. confrontatie; strijd; twist--------v. tegenspreken; tegenstrijden; er tegenin gaanconflict1[ konflikt] 〈 zelfstandig naamwoord〉1 strijd ⇒ conflict(situatie); onenigheid♦voorbeelden:————————conflict21 onverenigbaar/strijdig zijn ⇒ in tegenspraak zijn, botsen2 strijden ⇒ botsen, in conflict komen/zijn♦voorbeelden:this law conflicts with the constitution • deze wet is in strijd met de grondwet -
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1. 'konflikt noun1) ((a) disagreement: There was considerable conflict about which plan should be accepted.) conflicto2) (a fight or battle.) conflicto
2. kən'flikt verb(to contradict each other; to disagree: The two accounts of what had happened conflicted (with each other).) estar en conflicto, entrar en desacuerdoconflict1 n conflictoconflict2 vb no concordar1 conflicto\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto come into conflict with somebody/something entrar en conflicto con alguien/algoconflict [kən'flɪkt] vi: estar en conflicto, oponerseconflict ['kɑn.flɪkt] n: conflicto mto be in conflict: estar en desacuerdon.• apretón s.m.• atrenzo s.m.• conflicto s.m.• contienda s.f.• guerra s.f.v.• desavenirse v.• encontrarse v.
I 'kɑːnflɪkt, 'kɒnflɪktcount & mass noun conflicto mto come into conflict with something/somebody — entrar en conflicto con algo/alguien
II kən'flɪktintransitive verb discrepar, estar* reñido1.N ['kɒnflɪkt]conflicto mto be in conflict with sth/sb — estar en conflicto con algo/algn
the theories are in conflict — las teorías están en conflicto or se contradicen
conflict of interests — conflicto m de intereses, incompatibilidad f (de intereses)
conflict of evidence — contradicción f de testimonios
2.VI [kǝn'flɪkt][ideas, evidence, statements etc] estar reñido ( with con); [interests] estar en conflicto ( with con)* * *
I ['kɑːnflɪkt, 'kɒnflɪkt]count & mass noun conflicto mto come into conflict with something/somebody — entrar en conflicto con algo/alguien
II [kən'flɪkt]intransitive verb discrepar, estar* reñido -
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1. n1) конфликт, столкновение- be drawn into a conflict with smb.2) амер. злоупотребление положением (особ. члена конгресса)•2. v (with) -
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1. n конфликт, столкновение; борьбаi/o conflict — конфликт ввода-вывода
2. n вооружённый конфликт, войнаconflict resolver — арбитр; механизм разрешения конфликтов
3. n противоречие4. n психол. внутренний конфликт; борьба противоречивых чувств, амбивалентность чувств5. v противоречить6. v конфликтовать; вступать в конфликт, боротьсяСинонимический ряд:1. battle (noun) battle; collision; confrontation; controversy; fight; skirmish; struggle; tussle2. contest (noun) competition; concours; contest; emulation; hostilities; meet; meeting; rencontre; rivalry; strife; striving; tug-of-war; war; warfare3. discord (noun) antagonism; argument; clash; contention; difference; difficulty; disaccord; discord; disharmony; dispeace; dissension; dissent; dissidence; dissonance; disunion; disunity; division; friction; hostility; inconsistency; inharmony; mischief; unpeace; variance4. clash (verb) clash; contradict; disaccord; discord; disharmonize; jangle; jar; mismatch5. contest (verb) battle; combat; contest; fight; interfere; lock horns with; struggle6. oppose (verb) be at odds; be at variance; collide; contend; differ; disagree; dispute; opposeАнтонимический ряд:agree; agreement; calmness; concord; harmony; peace; tranquility -
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1. [ʹkɒnflıkt] n1. 1) конфликт, столкновение; борьбаconflict of interest - а) столкновение интересов, б) злоупотребление положением (особ. члена конгресса)
conflict-of-interest law /rule/ - запрещение (государственным служащим, членам конгресса и т. п.) одновременно занимать посты в частных корпорациях и т. п.
conflict-of-interest violation - злоупотребление своим положением (сенатора и т. п.) в интересах частной корпорации и т. п.
conflict of jurisdiction - юр. коллизия прав
conflict of laws - а) частное международное право; коллизионное право; б) коллизия правовых норм ( разных государств или штатов США)
2) вооружённый конфликт, война (тж. armed conflict)2. борьба мнений, принципов и т. п.3. 1) противоречие2) психол. внутренний конфликт; борьба противоречивых чувств, амбивалентность чувств2. [kənʹflıkt] v1. (with) противоречитьsome British laws conflict with international laws - некоторые законы Великобритании не соответствуют международным нормам
your account of the causes of war conflicts with ours - наше представление о причинах войны расходится с вашим
2. конфликтовать; вступать в конфликт, бороться -
14 conflict
con·flict n [ʼkɒnflɪkt, Am ʼkɑ:n-]\conflict of interests Interessenskonflikt m;to be in \conflict with sb mit jdm im Streit liegen;there have been several \conflicts between the two countries zwischen den beiden Ländern gab es mehrere kämpferische Auseinandersetzungen vi [kənʼflɪkt];to \conflict with sb mit jdm im Konflikt liegen;to \conflict with each other sich gegenseitig widersprechen;to \conflict with sth im Widerspruch zu etw dat stehen -
15 conflict
/'kɔnflikt/ * danh từ - sự xung đột, sự tranh giành, sự va chạm =to be in conflict with someone+ xung đột với ai - cuộc xung đột - sự đối lập, sự mâu thuẫn * nội động từ - xung đột, va chạm - đối lập, chống lại, mâu thuẫn, trái với =the interests of capital conflict with those of labour+ quyền lợi của tư bản mâu thuẫn với quyền lợi của công nhân -
16 conflict of interests
Gen Mgta situation in which a person or institution is caught between opposing concerns, loyalties, or objectives that prejudice impartiality. A conflict of interests may be between selfadvantage and the benefit of an organization for which somebody works, or it could arise when somebody is connected with two or more companies that are competing. The correct course of action in such cases is for the person concerned to declare any interests, to make known the way in which those interests conflict, and to abstain from participating in the decision making process involving those interests. A conflict of interests may also arise when an institution acts for parties on both sides of a transaction and could derive an advantage from a particular outcome. -
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I ['kɒnflɪkt]nome conflitto m.II [kən'flɪkt]to be in, come into conflict — essere, entrare in conflitto ( with con) (anche fig.)
verbo intransitivo (contradict) [statement, attitude] scontrarsi, essere in conflitto ( with con); (clash) [ events] coincidere ( with con), accadere contemporaneamente ( with a)* * *1. ['konflikt] noun1) ((a) disagreement: There was considerable conflict about which plan should be accepted.) conflitto2) (a fight or battle.) conflitto2. [kən'flikt] verb(to contradict each other; to disagree: The two accounts of what had happened conflicted (with each other).) essere in conflitto, contrastare* * *I ['kɒnflɪkt]nome conflitto m.II [kən'flɪkt]to be in, come into conflict — essere, entrare in conflitto ( with con) (anche fig.)
verbo intransitivo (contradict) [statement, attitude] scontrarsi, essere in conflitto ( with con); (clash) [ events] coincidere ( with con), accadere contemporaneamente ( with a) -
18 conflict
I n1. конфлікт, сутичка2. боротьба думок/ принципів тощо3. суперечність- armed conflict збройний конфлікт- border conflict прикордонний конфлікт- coming conflict майбутня сутичка- current conflict поточний/ теперішній конфлікт- global conflict глобальний конфлікт, глобальна війна- international conflict міжнародний конфлікт- irrepressible conflict конфлікт, що не можна владнати/ вирішити- unnecessary conflict непотрібний конфлікт; конфлікт, якого можна уникнути- conflict of interestsb) амер. зловживання становищем (особл. члена Конгресу)- conflict of interest law/ rule амер. заборона (державним службовцям, членам Конгресу тощо) одночасно займати посади у приватних корпораціях тощо- conflict interest violation амер. зловживання своїм становищем (сенатора тощо) задля інтересів приватної корпорації- conflict of jurisdiction юр. колізія правових норм- conflict of lawsa) приватне міжнародне право, колізійне право- conflicts of precedence суперечливі питання старшинства- prevention of a conflict запобігання конфліктам- risk of a nuclear conflict ризик ядерного конфлікту- solution to a conflict вирішення конфлікту- to avoid a conflict уникати конфлікту- to be drawn into a conflict бути вплутаним/ втягненим у конфлікт- to cause a conflict between two states спричинити конфлікт між двома державами- to defuse a conflict залагодити конфлікт, покласти край конфлікту- to engineer a conflict спровокувати конфлікт- to head off the armed conflict запобігти збройному конфлікту- to presage the coming conflict провіщати майбутній конфлікт- to regulate conflicts of precedence залагоджувати/ врегульовувати суперечливі питання старшинства- in case of armed conflict у разі зброй ного конфліктуII v (with) суперечити- his report conflicts with his facts його повідомлення суперечить фактам -
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n1) интерес; заинтересованность2) обыкн. pl практическая заинтересованность, интересы; выгода; польза3) проценты, процентный доход; ссудный процент4) доля, пай, участие в чем-л.5) обыкн. pl группа лиц, объединенных общими интересами
- accrued interest
- accrued interest on customer deposits
- accrued interest on deposits with credit institutions
- accrued interest on loans to customers
- accrued interest payable
- accrued interest receivable
- accruing interest
- accumulated interest
- added interest
- advance interest
- annual interest
- anticipated interest
- apparent interest
- assurable interest
- average interest
- back interest
- baloon interest
- bank interest
- bank deposit interest
- banking interests
- basic interests
- beneficial interest
- bought interest
- business interests
- buyers' interest
- buying interest
- capital interest
- capitalized interest
- carried interest
- colliding interests
- commercial interests
- common interest
- compound interest
- conflicting interests
- considerable interest
- contending interests
- controlling interest
- conventional interest
- corporate interests
- credit interest
- current interest
- daily interest
- debit interest
- default interest
- defaulted interest
- deferred interest
- departmental interests
- direct interest
- due interest
- earned interest
- economic interest
- equity interest
- essential interests
- everyday interests
- exact interest
- excessive interest
- exorbitant interest
- explict interest
- financial interest
- financial interests
- fixed interest
- foreign interests
- fundamental interests
- general interest
- government interests
- gross interest
- high interest
- home mortgage interest
- hot interest
- illegal interest
- implicit interest
- imputed interest
- industrial interests
- insurable interest
- insured interest
- interim interest
- investment interest
- joint interest
- keen interest
- landed interests
- legal interest
- legitimate interest
- life interest
- loan interest
- long interest
- low interest
- main interest
- major interest
- majority interest
- minimum interest
- minority interest
- moneyed interests
- monopoly interests
- mortgage interest
- mutual interests
- national interests
- negative interest
- net interest
- nominal interest
- nontaxable interest
- open interest
- open policy interest
- opposing interests
- ordinary interest
- outstanding interest
- overdue interest
- overnight interest
- ownership interest
- paid interest
- particular interest
- partner's interest
- partnership interest
- past due interest
- pecuniary interest
- personal interest
- plus accrued interest
- potential interest
- prepaid interest
- primary interest
- private interests
- professional interest
- prolongation interest
- property interests
- proprietary interest
- public interest
- pure interest
- royalty interest
- running interest
- selfish interest
- semiannual interest
- senior interest
- short interest
- simple interest
- social interests
- specific interest
- state interests
- stated interest
- statutory interest
- sustained interest
- tax-exempt interest
- tiered interest
- trading interests
- true interest
- unpaid interest
- usurious interest
- vested interests
- vested interests
- vital interests
- interest for the credit granted
- interest for default
- interest in arrears
- interest in a business
- interests of monopolies
- interests of the state
- interest on an amount
- interest on arrears
- interest on bank credit
- interest on bank loans
- interest on bonds
- interest on capital
- interest on credit
- interest on credit balances
- interest on debenture
- interest on debit balances
- interest on debts
- interest on deposits
- interest on equities
- interest on finance leases
- interest on loan capital
- interest on loans
- interest on loans against bonds
- interest on long-term liabilities
- interest on losses
- interest on mortgage
- interest on overdue payment
- interest on principal
- interest on public loans
- interest on a refund claim
- interest on savings
- interest on savings deposits
- interest on securities
- interest on sight deposit
- interest on a sum
- interest on underpayment
- interest per annum
- capital and interest
- principal and interest
- interest due
- interest payable
- interest receivable
- interest to be collected
- as interest
- at interest
- cum interest
- in the interests of
- in common interest
- less interest
- with interest
- without interest
- bearing interest
- bearing no interest
- no charge for interest
- accumulate interest
- act for public interests
- act in the interests of smb
- add the interest to the capital
- affect the interests
- allow interest on deposits
- arouse interest
- assign interest
- be of interest
- bear interest
- borrow at interest
- calculate interest
- capitalize interest
- carry interest
- charge interest
- charge interest on accounts
- collect interest
- compute interest
- conflict with the interests
- damage interests
- debit interest
- declare an interest
- deduct interest
- defend interests
- draw interest
- earn interest
- express interest
- forfeit interest
- give interest
- harness the interests
- have an interest in smth
- hold financial interests in smth
- invest at interest
- lend at interest
- make interest on a loan
- pay interest
- pay interest on an account
- prejudice interests
- protect interests
- provoke interest
- receive interest
- recover interest
- represent the interests
- run counter the interests
- safeguard interests
- serve the interests
- show interest
- spur investor interest
- take an interest in smth
- uphold interests
- yield interest interest accountEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > interest
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20 Catholic church
The Catholic Church and the Catholic religion together represent the oldest and most enduring of all Portuguese institutions. Because its origins as an institution go back at least to the middle of the third century, if not earlier, the Christian and later the Catholic Church is much older than any other Portuguese institution or major cultural influence, including the monarchy (lasting 770 years) or Islam (540 years). Indeed, it is older than Portugal (869 years) itself. The Church, despite its changing doctrine and form, dates to the period when Roman Lusitania was Christianized.In its earlier period, the Church played an important role in the creation of an independent Portuguese monarchy, as well as in the colonization and settlement of various regions of the shifting Christian-Muslim frontier as it moved south. Until the rise of absolutist monarchy and central government, the Church dominated all public and private life and provided the only education available, along with the only hospitals and charity institutions. During the Middle Ages and the early stage of the overseas empire, the Church accumulated a great deal of wealth. One historian suggests that, by 1700, one-third of the land in Portugal was owned by the Church. Besides land, Catholic institutions possessed a large number of chapels, churches and cathedrals, capital, and other property.Extensive periods of Portuguese history witnessed either conflict or cooperation between the Church as the monarchy increasingly sought to gain direct control of the realm. The monarchy challenged the great power and wealth of the Church, especially after the acquisition of the first overseas empire (1415-1580). When King João III requested the pope to allow Portugal to establish the Inquisition (Holy Office) in the country and the request was finally granted in 1531, royal power, more than religion was the chief concern. The Inquisition acted as a judicial arm of the Catholic Church in order to root out heresies, primarily Judaism and Islam, and later Protestantism. But the Inquisition became an instrument used by the crown to strengthen its power and jurisdiction.The Church's power and prestige in governance came under direct attack for the first time under the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77) when, as the king's prime minister, he placed regalism above the Church's interests. In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, although they were allowed to return after Pombal left office. Pombal also harnessed the Inquisition and put in place other anticlerical measures. With the rise of liberalism and the efforts to secularize Portugal after 1820, considerable Church-state conflict occurred. The new liberal state weakened the power and position of the Church in various ways: in 1834, all religious orders were suppressed and their property confiscated both in Portugal and in the empire and, in the 1830s and 1840s, agrarian reform programs confiscated and sold large portions of Church lands. By the 1850s, Church-state relations had improved, various religious orders were allowed to return, and the Church's influence was largely restored. By the late 19th century, Church and state were closely allied again. Church roles in all levels of education were pervasive, and there was a popular Catholic revival under way.With the rise of republicanism and the early years of the First Republic, especially from 1910 to 1917, Church-state relations reached a new low. A major tenet of republicanism was anticlericalism and the belief that the Church was as much to blame as the monarchy for the backwardness of Portuguese society. The provisional republican government's 1911 Law of Separation decreed the secularization of public life on a scale unknown in Portugal. Among the new measures that Catholics and the Church opposed were legalization of divorce, appropriation of all Church property by the state, abolition of religious oaths for various posts, suppression of the theology school at Coimbra University, abolition of saints' days as public holidays, abolition of nunneries and expulsion of the Jesuits, closing of seminaries, secularization of all public education, and banning of religious courses in schools.After considerable civil strife over the religious question under the republic, President Sidónio Pais restored normal relations with the Holy See and made concessions to the Portuguese Church. Encouraged by the apparitions at Fátima between May and October 1917, which caused a great sensation among the rural people, a strong Catholic reaction to anticlericalism ensued. Backed by various new Catholic organizations such as the "Catholic Youth" and the Academic Center of Christian Democracy (CADC), the Catholic revival influenced government and politics under the Estado Novo. Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar was not only a devout Catholic and member of the CADC, but his formative years included nine years in the Viseu Catholic Seminary preparing to be a priest. Under the Estado Novo, Church-state relations greatly improved, and Catholic interests were protected. On the other hand, Salazar's no-risk statism never went so far as to restore to the Church all that had been lost in the 1911 Law of Separation. Most Church property was never returned from state ownership and, while the Church played an important role in public education to 1974, it never recovered the influence in education it had enjoyed before 1911.Today, the majority of Portuguese proclaim themselves Catholic, and the enduring nature of the Church as an institution seems apparent everywhere in the country. But there is no longer a monolithic Catholic faith; there is growing diversity of religious choice in the population, which includes an increasing number of Protestant Portuguese as well as a small but growing number of Muslims from the former Portuguese empire. The Muslim community of greater Lisbon erected a Mosque which, ironically, is located near the Spanish Embassy. In the 1990s, Portugal's Catholic Church as an institution appeared to be experiencing a revival of influence. While Church attendance remained low, several Church institutions retained an importance in society that went beyond the walls of the thousands of churches: a popular, flourishing Catholic University; Radio Re-nascenca, the country's most listened to radio station; and a new private television channel owned by the Church. At an international conference in Lisbon in September 2000, the Cardinal Patriarch of Portugal, Dom José Policarpo, formally apologized to the Jewish community of Portugal for the actions of the Inquisition. At the deliberately selected location, the place where that religious institution once held its hearings and trials, Dom Policarpo read a declaration of Catholic guilt and repentance and symbolically embraced three rabbis, apologizing for acts of violence, pressures to convert, suspicions, and denunciation.
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