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1 commanding heights
Общая лексика: командные высоты -
2 commanding heights of the economy
Общая лексика: командные высоты в экономикеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > commanding heights of the economy
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3 commanding heights of the economy
Politics english-russian dictionary > commanding heights of the economy
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4 commanding
[kə'mɑːndɪŋ] [AE -'mæn-]1) (authoritative) [look, manner, voice] imperioso, autoritario; [ presence] imponente2) (dominant) [ position] dominante, di comando3) (elevated) [ position] dominante* * *1) (impressive: He has a commanding appearance.) imponente2) (with a wide view: The house had a commanding position on the hill.) dominante* * *commanding /kəˈmɑ:ndɪŋ/a.2 imponente; dominante: a commanding presence, un aspetto imponente; to have a commanding lead, essere in testa a qc. ( sondaggio, classifica, ecc.)4 dominante; sovrastante; strategico: commanding spot, luogo prominente; altura; a commanding view, una veduta dall'alto; in a commanding position, in posizione dominante* * *[kə'mɑːndɪŋ] [AE -'mæn-]1) (authoritative) [look, manner, voice] imperioso, autoritario; [ presence] imponente2) (dominant) [ position] dominante, di comando3) (elevated) [ position] dominante -
5 commanding
adjective1) gebieterisch [Persönlichkeit, Erscheinung, Stimme]; imposant, eindrucksvoll [Statur, Gestalt]2) beherrschend [Ausblick, Lage]* * *1) (impressive: He has a commanding appearance.) gebieterisch2) (with a wide view: The house had a commanding position on the hill.) beherrschend* * *com·mand·ing[kəˈmɑ:ndɪŋ, AM -ˈmænd-]adj inv1. (authoritative) gebieterisch, Befehls-\commanding manner gebieterische Art pej\commanding tone Befehlston m pej3. (considerable) beachtlich, deutlich* * *[kə'mAːndɪŋ]adj3) (of place) beherrschend* * *1. herrschend, dominierend, gebietend, befehlend2. achtungsgebietend, imponierend, eindrucksvoll3. herrisch, gebieterisch4. SCHIFF, MIL kommandierend, befehlshabend:commanding general kommandierender General, (Armee)Befehlshaber m;5. (die Gegend) beherrschend6. weit (Aussicht)* * *adjective1) gebieterisch [Persönlichkeit, Erscheinung, Stimme]; imposant, eindrucksvoll [Statur, Gestalt]2) beherrschend [Ausblick, Lage]* * *adj.befehlend adj.kommandierend adj. -
6 commanding
[kəʹmɑ:ndıŋ] a1. командующийcommanding general - командир или командующий в звании генерала
2. 1) господствующий, командный, доминирующийcommanding ground - топ. командная высота
commanding feature - топ. местный командный предмет
2) господствующий, превалирующий3) внушительныйcommanding look - внушительный /властный, повелительный/ взгляд
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7 высота
жен.
1) height;
altitude авиац. астр. геогр.;
pitch муз.;
loftiness, elevation перен. высота над уровнем моря ≈ height above sea level, altitude на высоте в 100 метров ≈ at a height of one hundred metres летать на небольшой высоте ≈ to fly at a low altitude резко терять высоту ≈ (авиац.;
о самолете) to dip с высоты птичьего полета ≈ (to get/have) a bird's-eye view( of smth.) предельная высота ≈ ceiling набор высоты ≈ climb
2) (возвышенность) hill;
eminence, ridge горные высоты ≈ mountain heights командные высоты ≈ commanding heights доминирующая высота ≈ commanding eminence
3) мат. altitude ∙ быть/оказаться на высоте чего-л. ≈ to be equal to smth., to rise to the occasion быть на высоте положения ≈ to be up to the mark, to rise to the occasion не на высоте ≈ unequal to the occasion, falling short of the occasion на должной высоте ≈ up to the mark, up to par взять высоту ≈ to clear the bar -
8 economy
n1) экономика; хозяйство2) экономия; бережливость•to build up national economy — строить / создавать национальную экономику
to improve one's economy — улучшать состояние экономики
to meet the needs of the national economy for smth — удовлетворять потребности национальной экономики в чем-л.
to rebuild a country's economy — восстанавливать / реконструировать экономику страны
to rehabilitate the war-ravaged national economy — восстанавливать разрушенную войной экономику страны
to remodel the economy — переделывать / изменять экономику
to revitalize / to revive the economy — возрождать / оживлять экономику
to satisfy the needs of the national economy for smth — удовлетворять потребности национальной экономики в чем-л.
to stimulate one's domestic economy — стимулировать рост экономики внутри страны
- adversely affected branches of economyto tighten one's economy hold — усиливать свое экономическое влияние
- agricultural economy
- ailing economy
- ailing economies of the Third World
- all-embracing economy
- appalling state of the economy
- balanced development of the branches of economy
- barter economy
- beleaguered economy
- black economy
- buoyancy in a country's economy
- buoyant economy
- business economy
- capitalist economy
- centralized economy
- centrally planned economy
- closed economy
- cohesive economy
- collapsing economy
- colonialist economy
- command economy
- commanding heights of the economy
- competitive economy
- complementary economies
- consumer economy
- controlled economy
- crippled economy
- crisis-free economy
- critical state of the economy
- day-to-day running of economy
- debt-ridden economy
- defense economy
- developed economy
- developed national economy
- developing economy
- dire state of the economy
- disrupted economy
- domestic economy
- economy catches its breath
- economy constricts
- economy expands
- economy goes deeper into crisis
- economy goes into a decline
- economy is buoyant
- economy is close to collapse
- economy is coming out of recession
- economy is crumbling
- economy is diving into a recession
- economy is facing a slump
- economy is faltering
- economy is headed upward
- economy is in a dreadful state
- economy is in a state of collapse
- economy is in bad condition
- economy is in recession
- economy is in the doldrums
- economy is not out of the woods yet
- economy is rolling downhill
- economy is sagging
- economy is seriously unbalanced
- economy is shrinking
- economy of disarmament
- economy of fuel
- economy of one-sided development
- economy of scarcity
- economy recovers
- economy undergoing charges
- economy will undergo drastic surgical measures
- economy with a high rate of growth in per capita output
- economies of industrialized countries are booming
- economies of scale
- economies on labor
- economies on social services
- emerging economy
- engineering economy
- exchange economy
- expanding economy
- fast developing economy
- flagging economy
- fragile economy
- frail economy
- free economy
- free enterprise economy
- freewheeling economy
- full employment economy
- ghost economy
- gilt-edged economy
- global economy
- gray economy
- green economy
- gross mismanagement of economy
- growth of the economy
- growth rate of the economy
- healthy economy
- high employment economy
- high interest rates further dampen down the economy
- highly developed branches of the economy
- home economy
- humane economy
- industrial economy
- inflationary pressures on the economy
- intensification of economy
- laissez-faire economy
- less centralized grip on the economy
- lop-sided economy
- low pressure economy
- major economy
- management of the economy
- market economy
- market-oriented economy
- mature economy
- mechanics of economy
- militarization of the economy
- militarized economy
- military economy
- mixed economy
- modernization of the economy
- monetary economy
- moribund economy
- multibranch economy
- multisectoral economy
- multistructrural economy
- national economy
- no-growth period of economy
- ongoing trends in the world economy
- overheated economy
- peace-time economy
- peasant economy
- plan-based economy
- planless economy
- plan-market economy
- planned economy
- pluralistic economy - powerful economy
- private economy
- private enterprise economy
- private sector of the economy
- progressive transformation of the economy
- protected economy
- public sector of the economy
- rapid expansion of the economy
- ravaged economy
- recovery in economy
- reforming of the economy along western lines
- regulated market economy
- retooling of the national economy
- revitalization of the economy
- robber economy
- robust economy
- run-down economy
- rural economy
- sagging economy
- sane economy
- self-sustained economy
- shadow economy
- shaky economy
- shattered economy
- shift away from central control of the economy
- shift to a market economy
- sick economy
- siege economy
- simple commodity economy
- size of the economy
- slide in the economy
- slowing of economy
- sluggish economy
- socialist economy
- socialist system of economy
- socialized economy
- sound economy
- Soviet-style economy
- spaceman economy
- spontaneous economy
- stability of economy
- stagnant economy - state-run economy
- stationary economy
- steady-state economy
- strict economy
- strong economy
- study of world economy
- subsistence economy
- sustained growth of economy
- swift transition to market economy
- swiss-cheese economy
- switchover to a market economy
- the country's economy grew by 10 per cent
- the country's economy has been in better shape than before
- the country's economy is in a pretty bad way
- the country's economy is in dire trouble
- tottering economy
- transition to market economy
- troubled economy
- turnaround in the economy
- two interlined economies
- unbalanced economy
- under-the-table economy
- unstable economy
- viable economy
- war economy
- war-ravaged economy
- war-time economy
- weakening of the economy
- world economy -
9 Socialist Party / Partido Socialista
(PS)Although the Socialist Party's origins can be traced back to the 1850s, its existence has not been continuous. The party did not achieve or maintain a large base of support until after the Revolution of 25 April 1974. Historically, it played only a minor political role when compared to other European socialist parties.During the Estado Novo, the PS found it difficult to maintain a clandestine existence, and the already weak party literally withered away. Different groups and associations endeavored to keep socialist ideals alive, but they failed to create an organizational structure that would endure. In 1964, Mário Soares, Francisco Ramos da Costa, and Manuel Tito de Morais established the Portuguese Socialist Action / Acção Socialista Português (ASP) in Geneva, a group of individuals with similar views rather than a true political party. Most members were middle-class professionals committed to democratizing the nation. The rigidity of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) led some to join the ASP.By the early 1970s, ASP nuclei existed beyond Portugal in Paris, London, Rome, Brussels, Frankfurt, Sweden, and Switzerland; these consisted of members studying, working, teaching, researching, or in other activities. Extensive connections were developed with other foreign socialist parties. Changing conditions in Portugal, as well as the colonial wars, led several ASP members to advocate the creation of a real political party, strengthening the organization within Portugal, and positioning this to compete for power once the regime changed.The current PS was founded clandestinely on 19 April 1973, by a group of 27 exiled Portuguese and domestic ASP representatives at the Kurt Schumacher Academy of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung in Bad Munstereifel, West Germany. The founding philosophy was influenced by nondogmatic Marxism as militants sought to create a classless society. The rhetoric was to be revolutionary to outflank its competitors, especially the PCP, on its left. The party hoped to attract reform-minded Catholics and other groups that were committed to democracy but could not support the communists.At the time of the 1974 revolution, the PS was little more than an elite faction based mainly among exiles. It was weakly organized and had little grassroots support outside the major cities and larger towns. Its organization did not improve significantly until the campaign for the April 1975 constituent elections. Since then, the PS has become very pragmatic and moderate and has increasingly diluted its socialist program until it has become a center-left party. Among the party's most consistent principles in its platform since the late 1970s has been its support for Portugal's membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Union (EU), a view that clashed with those of its rivals to the left, especially the PCP. Given the PS's broad base of support, the increased distance between its leftist rhetoric and its more conservative actions has led to sharp internal divisions in the party. The PS and the Social Democratic Party (PSD) are now the two dominant parties in the Portuguese political party system.In doctrine and rhetoric the PS has undergone a de-Marxification and a movement toward the center as a means to challenge its principal rival for hegemony, the PSD. The uneven record of the PS in general elections since its victory in 1975, and sometimes its failure to keep strong legislative majorities, have discouraged voters. While the party lost the 1979 and 1980 general elections, it triumphed in the 1983 elections, when it won 36 percent of the vote, but it still did not gain an absolute majority in the Assembly of the Republic. The PSD led by Cavaco Silva dominated elections from 1985 to 1995, only to be defeated by the PS in the 1995 general elections. By 2000, the PS had conquered the commanding heights of the polity: President Jorge Sampaio had been reelected for a second term, PS prime minister António Guterres was entrenched, and the mayor of Lisbon was João Soares, son of the former socialist president, Mário Soares (1986-96).The ideological transformation of the PS occurred gradually after 1975, within the context of a strong PSD, an increasingly conservative electorate, and the de-Marxification of other European Socialist parties, including those in Germany and Scandinavia. While the PS paid less attention to the PCP on its left and more attention to the PSD, party leaders shed Marxist trappings. In the 1986 PS official program, for example, the text does not include the word Marxism.Despite the party's election victories in the mid- and late-1990s, the leadership discovered that their grasp of power and their hegemony in governance at various levels was threatened by various factors: President Jorge Sampaio's second term, the constitution mandated, had to be his last.Following the defeat of the PS by the PSD in the municipal elections of December 2001, Premier Antônio Guterres resigned his post, and President Sampaio dissolved parliament and called parliamentary elections for the spring. In the 17 March 2002 elections, following Guterres's resignation as party leader, the PS was defeated by the PSD by a vote of 40 percent to 38 percent. Among the factors that brought about the socialists' departure from office was the worsening post-September 11 economy and disarray within the PS leadership circles, as well as charges of corruption among PS office holders. However, the PS won 45 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections of 2005, and the leader of the party, José Sócrates, a self-described "market-oriented socialist" became prime minister.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Socialist Party / Partido Socialista
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