come+to

vb. "come" WJ:368, 1st pers. aorist tulin "I come" TUL, 3rd pers. sg. tulis “she comes” VT49:19, perfect utúlië "has come" utúlien "I am come", EO, utúlie'n aurë "Day has come" the function of the 'n is unclear; it may be a variant of the article "the", hence literally "the Day has come". Past tense túlë "came" in LR:47 and SD:246, though an alternative form *tullë has also been theorized. Túlë in VT43:14 seems to be an abnormal aorist stem, later abandoned; tula in the same source would be an imperative. Prefixed future tense entuluva "shall come again" in the Silmarillion, future tuluva also in the phrase aranielya na tuluva "may thy kingdom come" VT44:32/34, literally apparently *"thy kingdom, be-it-that it will come". In early "Qenya" we have the perfects tulielto "they have come" LT1:114, 270, VT49:57 and tulier "have come", pl., in the phrase I·Eldar tulier "the Eldar have come"LT1:114, 270. Read probably *utúlieltë, *Eldar utúlier in LotR-style Quenya.

4 vb. "go" VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23, attested in the aorist menë in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- “return” or go/come back, -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- “back” etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166. – In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of “go as far as”: 1st person sg. aorist menin menin coaryanna “I arrive at or come/get to his house”, endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- “is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end”, past tense mennë “arrived, reached”, in this tense usually with locative rather than allative mennen sís “I arrived here”, perfect eménië “has just arrived”, future menuva “will arrive”. All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant.

1 vocative particle "O" in a vanimar "O beautiful ones" LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in Letters:308; also attested repeatedly in VT44:12 cf. 15: A Hrísto *"o Christ", A Eruion*"o God the son/son of God", a Aina Fairë *"o Holy Spirit", a aina Maria *"o holy Mary". 2 conj. "and", a variant of ar occurring in Fíriel's Song that also has ar; a seems to be used before words in f-, but contrast ar formenna *”and northwards” in a late text, VT49:26. According to PE17:41, “Old Quenya” could have the conjunction a as a variant of ar before n, ñ, m, h, hy, hw f is not mentioned, PE17:71 adding ty, ny, hr, hl, ñ, l, r,þ, s. See ar \#1. It may be that the a or the sentence nornë a lintieryanen “he ran with his speed” i.e. as quickly as he could is to be understood as this conjunction, if the literal meaning is *“he ran and did so with his speed” PE17:58. 3, also á, imperative particle. An imperative with “immediate time reference” is expressed by á in front of the verb or “occasionally after it, sometimes before and after for emphasis”, with the verb following in “the simplest form also used for the uninflected ‘aorist’ without specific time reference past or present or future” PE17:93. Cf. a laita te, laita te! "o bless them, bless them!", á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!", literally *"o rule Manwë!" see laita, vala for reference; cf. also á carë *“do!”, á ricë “try!”, á lirë “sing!”, á menë “proceed!”, a norë “run!” PE17:92-93, notice short a in this example, á tula *"come!" VT43:14. In the last example, the verb tul- “come” receives an ending -a that probably represents the suffixed form of the imperative particle, this apparently being an example of the imperative element occurring both “before and after” the verbal stem “for emphasis” PE17:93. This ending may also appear on its own with no preceding a/á, as in the command queta “speak!” PE17:138. Other examples of imperatives with suffixed -a include cena and tira VT47:31, see cen-, tir-; the imperatives of these same verbs are however also attested as á tirë, á cenë PE17:94 with the imperative particle remaining independent and the following verb appearing as an uninflected aorist stem. This aorist can be plural to indicate a 3rd person pl. subject: á ricir! “let them try!” PE17:93. Alyë VT43:17, VT44:9 seems to be the imperative particle a with the pronominal suffix -lyë "you, thou" suffixed to indicate the subject who is to carry out the command; attested in the phrase alyë anta *"give thou" elided aly' in VT43:11, since the next word begins in e-: aly' eterúna me, *"do thou deliver us"; presumably other pronominal suffixes could likewise be added. The particle a is also present in the negative imperatives ala, \#ála or áva, q.v.

1 form of the verb "to be", evidently the imperative or subjunctive: Tolkien stated that na airë would mean "be holy" VT43:14, and san na q.v. must mean "thus be" = "let it be so"; see ná \#1 Cf. also the sentence alcar mi tarmenel una/u Erun "glory in high heaven ube/u to God" VT44:32/34. Inserted in front of a verb, na expresses a wish: aranielya na tuluva "may thy kingdom come" ibid. 2 prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by \#1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead NĀsup1/sup. Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana VT45:36.

vb. "to flood" VT48:22, "to flood, inundate, drench" VT48:30; the latter glosses come from a note that was struck out

3rd person pl. pronominal suffix, “they” VT49:51; cariltë “they do”, VT49:16, 17. It alternates with -ntë in Tolkien’s manuscripts VT49:17, 57. In his early material, the ending also appears as-lto, occurring in Fíriel's Song meldielto "they are beloved" and cárielto "they made", also in LT1:114: tulielto "they have come" cf. VT49:57. Compare -lta, -ltya as the ending for “their”.

"k" 2 vb. "draw, pull" VT43:23; this word must come from older *þaca- because it is said to be related to sahta-, older þahta-, "induce", q.v.

prefix "backwards" NDAN or “back”, as in nanwen- “return” go/come back, PE17:166, cf. also nanquernë *”turned back”, the pl. form of *nanquerna VT49:17-18. Apparently assimilated nal- in nalláma “echo” if this represents *nan-láma “back-sound”, sound coming back.

2 vb. “impend, be imminent” – “nearly always in a bad sense: ‘threaten to come’ “, as in hrívë úva véna “winter is drawing near to us” VT49:14

vb. "come forth", attested in the form ettuler *"are coming forth" ettul- = et + tul-. Read probably *ettulir or continuative *ettúlar in Tolkien's later Quenya. SD:290

adj. "central, middle" VT41:16; these forms, as well as the noun entë "centre", come from a late, somewhat confused source; the adjective \#endëa and the noun endë from earlier material may fit the general system better, and \#endëa is even found in the LotR itself as part of the word atendëa, q.v.

vb. “return” go/come back PE17:166. The etymological form nan-men- indicates that the second element is \#men- “go”, changed to -wen- following nan- “back”; hence the perfect should perhaps be *naneménië.

vb. "fetch, bring, bear; move, come" LT1:270; compare tulta- in Tolkien's later Quenya

1 adj. older form of vanwa “lost, gone” etc. see vanwa PE17:143 2 noun "great gale" LT1:266. This word would clash with vanwa “gone, lost” after the change of initial w v, and since the latter is also said to come from older wanwa PE17:143, this “Qenya” term for “great gale” is probably conceptually obsolete.

1 dative ending, originating as a reduced form of -n㠓to”, related to the allative ending -nna VT49:14. Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon q.v. and also added to the English name Elaine Elainen in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths VT49:40. The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna q.v., also in the noun mariéna from márië “goodness” PE17:59. Pl. -in as in hínin, see hína, partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt Plotz. The preposition ana \#1 is said to be used “when purely dative formula is required” PE17:147, perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for “to God”.– In some of Tolkien’s earlier material, the ending -n or -en expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200. 2, also -nyë, pronominal ending, 1st person sg. "I" VT49:51, as in utúlien "I am come" EO, cainen “I lay” VT48:12-13, carin or carinyë “I do” VT49:16, veryanen *”I married” VT49:45. See also VT49:48. Long form -nye- with object ending -s “it” following in utúvienyes see tuv-. A possible attestation of -n in object position “me” is provided by the untranslated verbal form tankassen PE17:76, where -n may be preceded by -sse- as a longer form of the 3rd person sg. ending -s see -s \#1. 3 a plural sign used in some of the case endings WJ:407: Pl. genitive -on, pl. ablative -llon but also -llor, pl. locative -ssen.

see entya adj. "central, middle" VT41:16; these forms, as well as the noun entë "centre", come from a late, somewhat confused source; the adjective \#endëa and the noun endë from earlier material may fit the general system better, and \#endëa is even found in the LotR itself as part of the word atendëa, q.v.

3 vb. “go as far as”, 1st person sg. aorist tenin, tenin coaryanna “I arrive at or come/get to his house”, endingless aorist tenë, present tense téna- “is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end”, past tense tennë “arrived, reached”, in this tense usually with locative rather than allative: tennen sís “I arrived here”, perfect eténië “has just arrived”, future tenuva “will arrive”. VT49:23, 35, 36; Tolkien emended the initial consonant from t to m throughout 4 vb. "hear", future tense tenuva MC:213; in Tolkien's later Quenya, "hear" is hlar-

4 prefix "again-", “re-“ PE17:68, in enquantuva "shall refill", entuluva, "shall come again", Envinyatar "Renewer", envinyanta "healed, *renewed", enyalië "to recall" Nam, RGEO:67, LotR3:V ch. 8, VT41:16, MR:405, UT:317; as for the etymology of en-, see comments on Common Eldarin base EN "again, once more" in VT48:25