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21 flow
1) течение; поток || течь2) сток3) расход, дебит4) растекание; расплыв(ание) || растекаться; расплываться5) пластическая деформация || претерпевать пластическую деформацию6) текучесть7) нефт. фонтанирование || фонтанировать8) нефт. добыча9) подвижность (напр. бетонной смеси)10) технологический маршрут; последовательность операций11) гидр. движение12) непрерывная подача энергии (электрической, тепловой)13) наводнение; затопление; разлив14) отводная труба16) разлив ( лакокрасочного покрытия)17) выпрессовка, грат (в прессовании пластмасс, резины)•to bypass flows — гидр. 1. пропускать строительные расходы по обводному каналу 2. пропускать паводок в обход сооруженияflow of catchment — сток водосбросаflow of control — 1. процесс управления 2. алгоритм управления; поток (команд) управленияflow of ground — пластическая деформация грунта-
adiabatic flow
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air flow
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air-mass flow
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airport traffic flow
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air-water flow
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all-gas flow
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annual flow
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annular flow
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annular two-phase flow
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annular-dispersed flow
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approach flow
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artesian flow
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available flow
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average annual flow
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axial flow
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backward flow
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back flow
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base flow
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bearing form oil flow
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behind-the-casing flow
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blade-to-blade flow
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boiling channel flow
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boundary layer flow
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break flow
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bubble flow
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bubbly flow
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bulk flow
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bypass flow
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cascade flow
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channel flow
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chip flow
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chugging flow
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churn-turbulent flow
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churn flow
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climbing film flow
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cocurrent catalyst flow
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cocurrent flow
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coherent boiling flow
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cold flow
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command-status flow
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communication flow
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constant flow
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continuous flow
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control flow
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controlled flow
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convergent flow
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coolant flow
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corkscrewlike flow
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countercurrent flow
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critical flow
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cross flow
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current flow
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daily flow
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data flow
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decaying swirl flow
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density-stratified flow
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design water flow
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developed flow
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developed turbulent flow
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direct surface flow
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dispersed flow
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divergent flow
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diversion flow
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down flow
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downstream flow
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downward flow
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drainage flow
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droplet-dispersed flow
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droplet-free flow
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dust flow
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energy flow
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estimated flow
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evaporating flow
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exergy flow
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exhaust flow
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failure flow
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fictitious heat flow
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filter fluid flow
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flood flow
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fluid flow
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fog flow
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forced flow
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forward flow
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free flow
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free-surface flow
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freight flow
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frictional flow
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froth flow
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frozen flow
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full flow
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gas flow
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gas piston flow
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gas-liquid flow
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generalized Couette flow
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glass flow
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grain-boundary flow
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gravity flow
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groundwater flow
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heat flow
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high flow
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high-velocity bypass flow
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homogeneous flow
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horizontal flow
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hydraulically smooth wind flow
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hydroelectric flow
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ice flow
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incident flow
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incoming flow
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induced flow
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information flow
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ink flow
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instruction flow
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insurge flow
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interconnection tie flow
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intermittent flow
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interrupt flow
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interstitial flow
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inverse annular flow
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irrigation return flow
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irrotational flow
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isothermal flow
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Knudsen flow
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laminar flow
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lateral flow
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leakage flow
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leak flow
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letdown flow
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liquid-vapor flow
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load flow
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low Reynolds number flow
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low-velocity flow
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low-water flow
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magnetic flow
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makeup flow
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mass flow
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mean flow
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metered flow
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mist flow
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mixed flow
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molecular flow
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motion flow
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mud-and-stone flow
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multiphase flow
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natural flow
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near-bottom flow
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negative core flow
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no-load flow
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noncontinuous flow
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nonstationary flow
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nonswirling flow
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nonuniform flow
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nozzle flow
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n-sequential orifice flow
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open-channel flow
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outsurge flow
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oven flow
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overbank flow
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peak flow
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pipe flow
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piston flow
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plain-strain flow
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plastic flow
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plug flow
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positive core flow
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positive flow
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postcombustion flow
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potential flow
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power flow
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pressure flow
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primary coolant flow
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primary flow
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priority flow
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process flow
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pulsating flow
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pump output flow
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pump flow
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radial flow
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ram air flow
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reattached flow
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recirculating flow
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recirculating turbulent flow
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recorded flow
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recycling flow
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reduced flow
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reflux flow
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regulated flow
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retarded flow
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return flow
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reverse core steam flow
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reverse flow
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reverse-direction flow
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ripple flow
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riser flow
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river flow
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rotating flow
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routed flow
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seasonal flow
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seepage flow
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self-adapting production flow
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self-aligning production flow
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semiannular flow
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separate flow
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serrated flow
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servovalve control flow
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shear flow
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sheet flow
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sliding flow
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slip flow
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slipless flow
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slugging flow
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slug flow
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smooth flow
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snow flow
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soil water flow
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split flow
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steady-state flow
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steady flow
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steering flow
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storm flow
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stratified flow
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streamline flow
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streamlined production flow
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submerged flow
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subsonic flow
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subsurface water flow
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supergeostrophic flow
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supersonic flow
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surface-water flow
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surface flow
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surge flow
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swirling flow
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swirl flow
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thermally disordered flow
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three-dimensional flow
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throttled flow
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tidal flow
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tip-leakage flow
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total coolant flow
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total flow
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total loop flow
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traffic flow
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true mass flow
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turbulent flow
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two-component flow
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two-dimensional flow
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two-phase critical flow
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two-phase gas-liquid flow
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unbalanced flow
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uncontrolled flow
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undershot orifice flow
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undimensional heat flow
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unimpeded flow
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unit peak flow
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unsteady-state flow
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unsteady flow
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upward flow
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variable-area flow
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viscous flow
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volume flow
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vortex flow
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water flow
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wave flow
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wavy flow
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weight flow
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weir flow
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well natural flow
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wind flow
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wind-induced flow
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wispy-annular flow
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working flow
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yielding flow -
22 pump
2) насос; помпа; накачивание; нагнетание; выкачивание; откачивание (процесс действия насоса); II качать насосом; нагнетать; работать насосом; закачивать (воздух и пр.); накачивать (шины и пр.); откачивать; выкачивать; опорожнять- pump adjustment screw - pump-and-accumulator station - pump and injector unit filter - pump and injector unit follower - pump and injector unit nut - pump and injector unit plunger - pump basket - pump beam - pump blade - pump block - pump body - pump bonnet - pump bowl - pump box - pump braking - pump bucket - pump capacity per revolution - pump cavitation - pump cell - pumping circuit - pump circulation - pump control console - pump cradle- pump cup- pump current - pumping current - pump diameter - pump discharge - pump discharge pressure - pump discharge valve - pump disk - pump displacement - pump distribution gear unit - pump-down - pump-down time - pump duty - pump element - pump end thrust - pump-fed rocket - pump filter - pump flow - pump outputflow - pump for gas transporting - pump for injection of mortar - pump frequency - pumping frequency - pump fuel feed - pump governor - pump gun - pump-handle - pump head - pump house - pump housing - pump injection - pump-injector - pump inlet - pump inlet capability - pump inlet pressure - pump installation - pump intake - pump intake pressure - pump jet propeller - pump jet propulsion system - pump-jet propulsion unit - pump jig - pump kettle - pump leak - pump lift - pump line - pump liner - pump-lubricated - pump lubrication - pump main - pump manifold - pump mechanized - pump mode - pump motor - pump-motor - pump-motor unit - pump noise - pump off - pump open sliding side door - pump out - pump output - pump output flow - pump over - pump performance - pump pipelining - pump piping - pump plunger - pump power end - pump pressure - pump price - pump priming - pump priming characteristic - pump pulsation damper - pump ram - pump rate - pump rating - pump recirculation system - pump riser - pump rod - pump rod joint - pump room - pump runner - pump screen - pump seat - pump seating - pump shaft - pump shell - pump slippage - pump specifications - pump speed - pump speed indicator - pump spindle - pump-starving filter condition - pump station - pump stock reserve - pump strainer - pump stripping - pump stroke counter - pump stroke rate - pump suction - pump suction head - pump suction line - pump suction tube - pump suction-valve cage - pump-system water cooling - pump thrust - pump thrust plate - pump traveling valve cage - pump turbine - pump-type circulation lubrication - pump unit - pump unloading - pump unloading hydraulic circuit - pump up - pump vacuum rating - pump volume - pump volume indicator - pump warm-up line - pump water feed - pumped water feed - pump wheel - pump with external bearing - pump with internal bearing - pump with overhung impeller - pump withdrawal - pump working barrel valve seat - pump works - adsorption pump - adsorption vacuum pump - aeration jet pump- air pump- air-driven pump - air-operated pump - air-operated grouting pump- air pump- ammonia pump - annular casing pump - armored pump - aspirator pump - aspiring pump - axial flow pump - axial flow turbine pump - axially split pump - axial piston pump - axial-piston distribution pump - axial piston pump of the rotary cylinder-type - axial suction pump - backing vacuum pump - barrel insert pump - beam pump - blower pump - boom concrete pump - bore-hole pump - brine-circulating pump - canned pump - canned motor pump - cargo pump - cementing piston pump - centrifugal pump with shrouded impeller - circular casing pump - chain pump - combined vacuum pump - Common-Rail high-pressure pump - condensation pump - condensation return pump - constant discharge pump - constant volume pump - continuous-pressure pump - controlled capacity plunger pump - controlled-volume pump - coolant pump - cooled pump - cooling-water pump - corrosion-resistant water pump - cutter lubricant pump - deep-well pump - differential pump - discharge pump - disintegrating pump - dispensing pump - displacement pump - distributor fuel injection pump - donkey pump - dosing pump - double-acting pump - double-diaphragm pump - double-displacement pump - double-entry pump - double-plunger pump - double-suction pump - double-volute pump - Downton pump - drainline pump - dredge pump - dredging pump - drowned pump - ejector jet pump - electrically driven pump - electrical centrifugal pump - electromagnetic pump - electropneumatic tyre pump - electrosubmersible pump - elevator pump - emergency pump - end suction pump - entrapment pump - epitrochoidal pump - excavating pump - external gear pump - extraction pump - fixed pump - fixed-delivery pump - fixed displacement pump - fixed volume pump - flexible tube pump - flexible tubes for grease pump - flow-type pump - flow-type fuel pump - fluid pump - fluid-packed pump - flywheel pump - force pump - fractionating diffusion pump - fuel booster pump- gas pump- gas jet pump - gear-driven pump - gear-type pump - gear wheel pump - hand desoldering pump with antistatic teflon tip - hand-operated grouting pump - hand-priming pump - hand suction pump for battery liquid - hand vacuum-pressure pump for checking vacuum advance in conjunction and timing light - turbo wastengate control valve and etc. - heat pump - heated pump - helical rotor pump - high duty pump - high-flow pump - high-lift pump - high-low pressure pump - high-pressure pump - high-pressure fuel pump - high-vacuum pump - hot-oil pump - house service pump - impeller pump - in-line pump - in-line fuel injection pump - internal gear pump - internal spur gear pump - irrigating pump - jacketed pump- jet pump- jet vacuum pump - jury pump - kinetic pump - liquid jet pump - liquid-packed ring pump - liquid ring vacuum pump - liquid-sealed vacuum pump - lobular pump - low-lift pump - lubrication pump - main pump - make-up pump - manual pump - manual pump for injector testing - marine pump - mechanical pump - membrane pump - mine pump - monocylindrical fuel injection pump - motor pump - mud pump - multicellular pump - multicylinder pump - multicylinder fuel injection pump - multijet vacuum pump - multiple-piston pump - multiplunger pump - multiscrew pump- oil pump- oil-line pump - oil-refinery pump - oil scavenge pump - oil-sealed vacuum pump - oil suction pump - oil supply pump - oil-vapor vacuum pump - oscillating displacement pump - papermill pump - peripheral pump - peristaltic pump - port the pump - portable pump - positive-displacement pump - positive-displacement fuel pump - power-steering pump - power take-off mounted pump - precharge pump - press pump - pressure test pump - pressurizing pump - prime a pump - PTO-mounted pump - pulse-free pump - pusher pump - radial flow turbine pump - radial piston pump - radially split pump - rapid approach pump - rayon pump - reactor coolant pump - reciprocating pump - reciprocating fuel injection pump - reciprocating vacuum pump - recirculating pump - reciprocation pump - refrigerant pump - regulator pump - reversible pump - reversing pump - roller-cell pump - roller vane pump - roots vacuum pump - rotary pump - rotary air pump - rotary-displacement pump - rotary fuel injection pump - rotary gear pump - rotary lobe pump - rotary piston lobe-type pump - rotary plunger pump - rotary vane-type pump - rotodynamic pump - roughing-down pump - roughing vacuum pump - rough vacuum pump - sand pump - scavenge pump - scavenging pump - scoop pump - screw pump - scrum pump - self-bleeding pump - self-priming pump - self-purifying diffusion pump - semirotary pump - servo pump - service pump - sewage pump - sewage water pump - shallow well pump - side channel pump - side suction pump - simplex pump - single-acting pump - single-acting hand pump - single-acting piston pump - single-cylinder pump - single-stage pump - sinking pump - sliding vane pump - sliding vane rotary pump - slime pump - sludge pump - sluice pump - slush pump - small capacity pump - sorption pump - sorption vacuum pump - spur gear pump - sputter ion pump - stage chamber pump - stand-by pump - start a pump - stationary pump - stationary concrete pump - steam pump - steering pump - stripping pump - sublimation pump - sublimation vacuum pump - submerged pump - submersible pump - subsurface pump - sucking pump - suction pump - suds pump - supercharging pump - supply pump - surge pump - swash-plate pump - swash-plate operated pump - tank pump - tar-and-residuum pump - test pump - thermal pump - three-cylinder pump - three-screw pump - tire pump - truck-mounted concrete pump - torque flow pump - transfer pump - trim pump - triplex pump - triplex plunger pump - trochoid pump - turbine pump - turbine-driven pump - turn on a pump - tyre pump - twin pump - two-cylinder pump - two-screw pump - two-stage pump - two-volume pump - unbalanced pump - unit construction pump - V-type pump - V-type piston pump - vacuum pump - valveless pump - vane pump - vane-type pump - vapor jet pump - variable capacity pump - variable-delivery pump - variable displacement pump - variable speed pump - variable volume pump - vee fuel injection pump - volute pump - water pump - water-jet pump - well pump - wet-air pump - wet motor pump - wet-pit pump - wide-spray fire pump - windmill pump - windshield washer pump - wing pump - work a pump -
23 system
- active antinoise system
- active damping system
- air brake system
- air gulp system
- air induction system
- air intake system
- air-assisted braking system
- air-conditioning system
- air-over-hydraulic brake system
- alarm system
- American light distribution system
- antidive system
- antilock brake system
- antinoise system
- antiskid system
- antisquat system
- antitheft alarm system
- antitheft system
- audio warning system
- automatic braking system
- automatic climate control system
- automatic closing system
- automatic level control system
- automatic leveling control system
- automotive system
- auxiliary system
- ballast ignition system
- body mounting system
- brake system
- breakerless ignition system
- breakerless transistorized ignition system
- capacitor ignition system
- car audio system
- car navigation system
- car security system
- central door locking system
- central fuel injection system
- central lubrication system
- central tire inflation system
- child restraint system
- climate control system
- closed cooling system
- closed evaporation system
- cold start system
- collision warning system
- continuous fuel injection system
- control system
- controlled combustion system
- cooling system
- crankcase ventilation system
- crash avoidance system
- cruise-control system
- damper control system
- damping system
- diagnostic system
- diagonal-split dual circuit braking system
- direct acting system
- distributor-less ignition system
- dual braking system
- dual circuit brake system
- dual exhaust system
- electronic brake system
- electronic ignition system
- electronic load-leveling system
- electronic map ignition system
- emergency brake system
- emission control system
- engine management system
- engine mount system
- European light distribution system
- exhaust system
- four-channel antilock brake system
- fuel supply system
- fuel system
- fuel vapor recirculation system
- gas-storage system
- heating system
- heating, ventilation and air conditioning system
- highway system
- hydraulic brake system
- idle system
- ignition system
- indicating system
- induction system
- inductive ignition system
- inertia braking system
- injection and ignition system
- injection system
- insulated-return electric system
- intake system
- keyless entry system
- lighting system
- lubricating system
- metering system
- microprocessor spark timing system
- modular system
- mounting system
- multipoint fuel injection system
- occupant restraint system
- on-board diagnostic system
- open evaporation system
- parking brake system
- passenger-protection system
- pneumatic brake system
- pneumatic system
- pointless ignition system
- powertrain control system
- pre-heater system
- preheating system
- pressurized cooling system
- primary braking system
- programmable fuel injection system
- radio antitheft system
- regenerative braking system
- restraint system
- sealed system
- seat adjustment system
- secondary brake system
- self-diagnosis system
- sequential fuel injection system
- service brake system
- side impact protection system
- single-line brake system
- sound system
- speed-control system
- split brake system
- stability management control system
- starting system
- steering system
- swapbody system
- tire-pressure monitoring system
- traction-control system
- twin circuit brake system
- two-line brake system
- unit replacement system
- unloading system
- vehicle navigation system
- vehicle-dynamics control system
- ventilation system
- warning system -
24 tube
1) труба; трубка || придавать трубчатую форму3) лампа, электронная лампа4) баллон6) тубус ( микроскопа)•to telescope over tube — телескопически устанавливать на трубу (напр. другую трубу)
- air tube- amplifier tube
- bar guide tube
- barstock tube
- beam storage tube
- bent tube
- braided tube
- branch tube
- cathode-ray storage tube
- centrifugal-cast tube
- choke tube
- cold-deformed tube
- cold-drawn tube
- cold-rolled tube
- cold-worked tube
- compensating tube
- condenser tube
- delivery tube
- discharge tube
- discharging tube
- display tube
- distance tube
- double-sided scoop tube
- draft tube
- draw tube
- drilling tube
- drive tube
- electron tube
- electron-beam tube
- electronic tube
- electron-ray tube
- exhaust tube
- feed tube
- fin-type tube
- flame tube
- flash tube
- flexible metal tube
- flexible tube
- gas-filled tube
- ground tube
- guide tube
- gun tube
- header tube
- hollow drilling tube
- hot-deformed tube
- hot-drawn tube
- hot-forged tube
- hot-pressed tube
- hot-rolled tube
- hot-worked tube
- image intensifier and converter tube
- impact tube
- inlet tube
- insertion tube
- memory tube
- metal tube
- oiling tube
- outlet tube
- photoelectric tube
- Pitot static tube
- Pitot tube
- planar tube
- polished tube
- protecting tube
- rapid inversion laser tube
- reinforced tube
- return tube
- ribbed tube
- rolled-up soldered tube
- scoop tube
- seamless tube
- sharpened tube
- slide tube
- sliding scoop tube
- soldered tube
- sound-absorbent lined guide tube
- spacing tube
- steam tube
- stock tube
- storage tube
- thrust tube
- torque tube
- truncated Venturi tube
- T-tube
- two-layer soldered tube
- vacuum tube
- warm-drawn tube
- warm-rolled tube
- warm-worked tube
- water tube
- welded tube
- weld-free tube
- weldless tube
- xenon laser tube
- X-ray tubeEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > tube
-
25 automatic
автоматический аппарат; II автоматический; самодействующий; автоматизированный- automatic acceleration control unit - automatic accumulator charging - automatic action - automatic adjustment - automatic adjustment mechanism - automatic advance control - automatic air regulator - automatic alarm - automatic alarm signal transmitter - automatic alternation - automatic amplitude control - automatic arc welding - automatic arc welding machine - automatic arc-welding machine - automatic assemblage - automatic assembly - automatic assembly machine - automatic backing-up - automatic backlash control - automatic backup - automatic balance control - automatic balancer - automatic balancing - automatic bar fed turning center - automatic bar feed - automatic bias control - automatic block - automatic bonding unit - automatic brake - automatic brake adjuster - automatic brake arrangement - automatic brake controller - automatic braking - automatic braking system - automatic brazing equipment - automatic buffing machine - automatic burette - automatic butt splicer - automatic calibration - automatic cam-controlled machine - automatic cathead - automatic centering - automatic chain-bending machine - automatic change of tools - automatic change-over - automatic change-over switch - automatic check - automatic check-out recording equipment - automatic checking balance - automatic checking machine - automatic checkout equipment - automatic checkout system - automatic checkout-and-readiness equipment - automatic choke - automatic chuck - automatic chuck extractor - automatic chuck-changing system - automatic chuck jaw changing - automatic chucker - automatic circuit - automatic circuit breaker - automatic circuit recloser - automatic climate control system - automatic closing system - automatic clutch - automatic cold upsetter - automatic come-along clamp - automatic compensation option - automatic compensator - automatic consistency checking - automatic constant tension mooring winch - automatic control - automatic control actuator - automatic control channel - automatic control circuit - automatic control engineering - automatic control equipment - automatic control halting instruction - automatic control installation - automatic control loop - automatic control rod - automatic control system - automatic controller - automatic conveying - automatic coupler - automatic coupling - automatic coupling device - automatic coupling screwing unit - automatic crab winch - automatic crimper - automatic crossover - automatic cut-out torque wrench - automatic cutout - automatic cycle - automatic cycle mechanism - automatic cycle working - automatic cycling equipment - automatic data analyzer - automatic data distribution - automatic data entry - automatic data processing - automatic data processing field branch - automatic data unit - automatic datum search - automatic deicing system - automatic device - automatic diagnosis - automatic diagnostic-and-recovery system - automatic discharging device - automatic disk changer - automatic door - automatic door closer - automatic door photoelectric relay - automatic drilling control - automatic drilling rig - automatic drinking bowl - automatic drive - automatic drive detection - automatic drive engagement - automatic dump - automatic-dump truck - automatic dust ejector - automatic dust unloading valve - automatic ejection - automatic electric drive - electrical drive - automatic electrode changer - automatic elevator - automatic emergency valve - automatic end stop - automatic error correction - automatic error detection - automatic exchange of tools - automatic expansion valve - automatic fault detection - automatic fault finding - automatic fault isolation - automatic fault isolation tester - automatic fault reporting - automatic fault signalling - automatic feature - automatic feed - automatic feed drill - automatic feed-off mechanism - automatic feeder - automatic feeding mechanism - automatic feedoff - automatic fire alarm - automatic fire alarm system - automatic fire annunciator - automatic fire detector - automatic fire sprinkler - automatic fixturing system - automatic flanger - automatic float-type pump-out unit - automatic flour meter - automatic flow tank - automatic focus correction servo-system - automatic forging machine - automatic front wheel drive engagement - automatic fuel economizing device - automatic fuel-control unit - automatic fuel saving device - automatic fuel shut-off - automatic fuse - automatic gage - automatic gaging-and-compensating system - automatic gain adjustment - automatic gain control - automatic gas-cutting machine - automatic gas-welding machine - automatic gate - automatic gate closer - automatic gate opener - automatic gauging - automatic gearbox - automatic generating plant - automatic generator - automatic grab - automatic gripper change - automatic gripper control - automatic guided vehicle - automatic half-hose machine - automatic heater - automatic hill holder - automatic hinged trip spider - automatic hitch - automatic holding - automatic holding device - automatic hopper-feed machine - automatic humidity regulator - automatic identification- Auto-ID- AIS - automatic idling control - automatic ignition - automatic ignition system - automatic ignition timing - automatic input - automatic insertion - automatic interlocking - automatic internal diagnosis - automatic jaw changer - automatic jaw shift device - automatic latching - automatic level - automatic level compensation - automatic level control - automatic level control system - automatic level gauge - automatic level setup - automatic leveling control system - automatic light - automatic light control - automatic light regulation - automatic line - automatic line disconnection - automatic line switching - ALS - automatic load control - automatic load sustaining brake - automatic load-gripping device - automatic loader - automatic loading - automatic lock - automatic locking - automatic locking holder - automatic locking hub - automatic locking spindle - automatic lockout - automatic lockout feature - automatic lubrication - automatic lubricator - automatic machine cycle - automatic magazine bar feed - automatic maintenance - automatic manipulator - automatic measurement-and-compensation system - automatic measuring facilities - automatic metal forming machine - automatic mixture control - automatic mode switching - automatic moisture regulator - automatic monitoring - automatic motor control gear - automatic movements starting - automatic multicam machine - automatic noise limiter - automatic noise-reduction system - automatic oil-flow controller - automatic oiling - automatic opening circuit breaker - automatic opening cover - automatic optimization - automatic overload control - automatic overload limiter - automatic overload stop - automatic packing - automatic pallet handler - automatic pallet storage-retrieval system - automatic part gaging - automatic part-loading conveyor - automatic photodetector - automatic pipe handling system - automatic pipe stabber - automatic placement - automatic plant - automatic polishing machine - automatic positioning - automatic power control - automatic power drawbar control - automatic power rotary scraper - automatic power slips - automatic press for cold pressing of nuts - automatic press for stamping electric motor stator and rotor notches - automatic pressure control - automatic pressure regulator - automatic probe changer - automatic probe changing - automatic probing cycle - automatic punch - automatic rack stacker - automatic radiator shutter - automatic ram pile driver - automatic reading - automatic reclosing circuit breaker - automatic recovery - automatic recovery program - automatic regulation - automatic regulation of belt tension - automatic regulation of drive chain tension - automatic regulation rod - automatic regulator - automatic release - automatic releaser - automatic repeat - automatic remote control - automatic reset - automatic reset-data circuit - automatic restart - automatic return - automatic return valve - automatic rotary line - automatic router - automatic routine - automatic rpm changer - automatic safety device - automatic sample changer - automatic sampler - automatic sampling - automatic sampling device - automatic sampling equipment - automatic sand-blasting machine - automatic scales - automatic screen - automatic selective overdrive - automatic sensitivity control - automatic set point - automatic shaft-position data encoder - automatic shaker bag - automatic shank spindle - automatic shift - automatic shut-off valve - automatic shutdown - automatic side-dumping - automatic signaling - automatic signalization - automatic size control tooling - automatic sorting machine - automatic spark advance - automatic spark advance governor - automatic spark advance magneto - automatic spark timer - automatic spectrometer - automatic spectrophotometer - automatic speed compensation - automatic speed control - automatic speed selection device - automatic spider - automatic spindle gear changing - automatic sprinkler fire control system - automatic stability - automatic stability controls - automatic stabilization and control system - automatic stabilizer - automatic stacker crane - automatic start - automatic starting - automatic starting motor - automatic start-up - automatic steel - automatic steering - automatic step selection - automatic stop - automatic stop switch - automatic straightening and cutting machine - automatic strip-straightening machine - automatic submerged-arc welder - automatic submerged-arc welding - automatic sucker rod spanner - automatic suction pump - automatic surveillance - automatic switch - automatic switchable redundance - automatic switchboard - automatic swivel spindle - automatic synchronization - automatic synchronizer - automatic takeup - automatic takeup mechanism - automatic temperature recording controller - automatic temperature regulator - automatic tensioning winch - automatic test analysis system - automatic test equipment - automatic test system - automatic thrust adjustment - automatic time switch - automatic time-delay switch - automatic timed magneto - automatic timer - automatic timing - automatic timing control - automatic timing device - automatic tipper - automatic tool changing apparatus - automatic tool transport mechanism - automatic tool wear-tool broken sensing system - automatic toolsetting - automatic tongs - automatic training idler - automatic transmission - automatic transmission fluid - automatic trip - automatic troubleshooting - automatic tuning - automatic two-speed geared head - automatic update - automatic vacuum deposition system - automatic valve - automatic valve adjustment - automatic viscosity controller - automatic voltage control - automatic voltage regulator - automatic warehousing - automatic warning - automatic washer - automatic water bowl - automatic water spray fire-fighting system - automatic weight controller - automatic weighing machine - automatic weigher - automatic weld - automatic welder - automatic welding - automatic welding machine - automatic wire feed - automatic workhandling - automatic workhandling device - automatic zero adjustment - automatic zero set -
26 trap
1) ловушка, уловитель || улавливать2) отделитель, сепаратор || отделять, сепарировать3) сифон, гидравлический затвор4) горн. вентиляционная дверь6) ловушка для песка, песколовка8) физ. центр захвата, ловушка || захватывать9) режектор; схема режекции; режекторный [полосно-задерживающий, заграждающий\] фильтр10) резонансный контур для развязки между (отдельными) элементами антенны11) параллельный резонансный контур схемы режекции12) вчт. (внутреннее) прерывание13) вчт. ловушка, реакция на исключительную [особую\] ситуацию; прерывание при исключительной [особой\] ситуации14) трап, газонефтяной сепаратор•-
absorption trap
-
accompanying sound trap
-
adjacent vision carrier trap
-
adjacent vision trap
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air trap
-
amalgam trap
-
antenna trap
-
ball-float trap
-
boulder trap
-
bucket trap
-
building trap
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bulk trap
-
buoyed trap
-
button trap
-
car trap
-
charcoal trap
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cold trap
-
condensate trap
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cryogenic trap
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deep trap
-
deep water trap
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diesel-exhaust trap
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dilution trap
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drain trap
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dross trap
-
dust trap
-
echo trap
-
electron trap
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entrainment trap
-
fiber trap
-
film trap
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final resin trap
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fish trap
-
fixture trap
-
flame trap
-
float steam trap
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foam trap
-
gas trap
-
gasoline trap
-
gravel trap
-
gravity trap
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grease trap
-
half-S trap
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high-frequency line trap
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hole trap
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ice trap
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impurity trap
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interrupt trap
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ion trap
-
knockout trap
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lead trap
-
light trap
-
liquid nitrogen trap
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liquid trap
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log trap
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magnetostatic trap
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main trap
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minority carrier trap
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moisture trap
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mud trap
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nonreturn trap
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oil trap
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oil-and-water trap
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pig trap
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pitot tube water trap
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plasma trap
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primary cold trap
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P-trap
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pulp trap
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radiation trap
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recombination trap
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return trap
-
sample collection trap
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sample trap
-
sand trap
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scale trap
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scraper trap
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secondary cold trap
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sediment trap
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self-purging trap
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sewer trap
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shallow trap
-
silt trap
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sink water trap
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solar trap
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spray trap
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steam trap
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S-trap
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stratigraphic trap
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structural trap
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system trap
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thermal trap
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thermostatic trap
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vapor trap
-
water trap
-
zero-pressure trap -
27 temperature
- absolute temperature - air temperature - ambient temperature - atmospheric temperature - balance of temperature - boiling temperature - breathing line temperature - brittleness temperature - ceiling temperature - Celsius temperature - cold temperature - colour temperature - comfort temperature - curing temperature - delivery temperature - dew-point temperature - dissociation temperature - drop of temperature - effective temperature - Fahrenheit temperature - fail temperature - floor temperature - flow temperature - fluxing temperature - indoor temperature - Kelvin temperature - melting temperature - mix temperature - operating temperature - outdoor temperature - outlet temperature - outside air temperature - radiation-convection temperature - reduced temperature - rise of temperature - saturation temperature - storage temperature - surface temperature - transport temperature - warm temperature - wet-bulb temperature - zero temperatureto control temperature — контролировать температуру; регулировать температуру
* * *температура- temperature of adiabatic saturation
- accumulated temperature
- ambient temperature
- auto-ignition temperature
- boiler flow temperature
- comfort temperature
- condensing temperature
- curing temperature
- delivery temperature
- design temperature
- dewpoint temperature
- difference temperature
- discharge temperature
- dry bulb temperature
- dry resultant temperature
- ductile brittle transition temperature
- effective temperature
- environmental temperature
- equilibrium temperature
- equivalent temperature
- evaporating temperature
- excess temperature
- external temperature
- flow temperature
- freezing temperature
- globe temperature
- ignition temperature
- indoor temperature
- initial temperature
- inside temperature
- internal temperature
- maximum effective bridge temperature
- mean radiant temperature
- minimum effective bridge temperature
- mix temperature
- nil-ductility temperature
- operating temperature
- operative temperature
- outdoor temperature
- outside temperature
- radiant temperature
- radiation temperature
- resultant air temperature
- return temperature
- saturation temperature
- screen wet bulb temperature
- sling wet bulb temperature
- sol-air temperature
- suction temperature
- surface temperature
- terminal temperature
- thermodynamic wet bulb temperature
- transition temperature
- wet bulb temperature -
28 trap
1. ловушка, улавливатель, уловитель; ловушка для отделения газа от жидкости или нефти от воды; трап; сепаратор2. заградитель; затвор3. геол. складка, сброс, дислокация4. геол. трап, базальт, диабаз— air trap— gas trap
* * *
1. ловушка, уловитель2. трап, газонефтяной сепаратор— air trap— gas trap— oil trap— pig trap
* * *
1. ловушка ( для нефти и таза) (геол.)2. трапп (ловушка для отделения газа от жидкости, используемая в газовом каротаже)3. сепаратор; конденсационный горшок.
* * *
1. ловушка (для нефти, газа)2. внутреннее прерывание (компьют.)
* * *
1) ловушка (); трап, газонефтяной сепаратор; уловитель3) заградитель; затвор•trap for oil — геол. ловушка для нефти;
to fill the trap — заполнять ловушку (о нефти, газе);
to occupy the trap — заполнять ловушку (о нефти, газе);
to trap oil escape — захватывать выделения нефти;
- air trap- anticlinal trap
- atmospheric pressure trap
- ball-float trap
- bucket trap
- charcoal trap
- cold trap
- combination trap
- complex trap
- condensate trap
- conimmersion trap
- deep-seated trap
- depositional trap
- fault trap
- field oil trap
- final resin trap
- float steam trap
- floating oil trap
- gas trap
- gasoline trap
- gravity trap
- horizontal sand trap
- hydrocarbon trap
- hydrodynamic trap
- ice trap
- liquid trap
- moisture trap
- mouse trap
- mud trap
- nozzle sludge trap
- oil trap
- oil trap with coalescing filters
- oil trap with hanging walls
- oil trap with oil drain
- oil-and-water trap
- open oil trap
- permeability trap
- pig trap
- porosity trap
- primary trap
- reef trap
- return trap
- salt dome trap
- sample trap
- sand trap
- scraper pig trap
- screened trap
- secondary trap
- self-cleaning trap
- self-purging trap
- sludge trap
- slurry trap
- stratigraphic trap
- structural trap
- suspended water trap
- tool trap
- twin-chamber sand trap
- unconformity trap
- water trap
- zero-pressure trap* * *• 1) заманивать в ловушку; 2) пойманный• 1) ловушка; 2) трап• затвор• захват• ловушка• сброс• сброс, складка или моноклиналь, служащая ловушкой для нефти -
29 nozzle
сопло; форсунка; насадок; раскрыв ( излучателя)attitude control (system) nozzle — струйник [струйный руль, сопло] газодинамической системы ориентации
-
30 pipe
1) труба
2) труболитейный
3) трубопрокатный
4) трубочный
5) усадочная раковина
6) трубопровод
7) змеевиковый
8) трубка
9) трубчатый
10) трубный
11) подавать
12) подать
13) газовый
14) цепной
– air pipe
– bare pipe
– bend pipe
– blast pipe
– branch pipe
– bustle pipe
– by-pass pipe
– cast pipe
– cast-iron pipe
– casting pipe
– chain pipe
– chain-locker pipe
– charging pipe
– circulating pipe
– circulation pipe
– cold-drawn pipe
– cold-rolled pipe
– corrugate pipe
– crossover pipe
– delivery pipe
– discharge pipe
– downtake pipe
– drain pipe
– drawn pipe
– drill pipe
– elbow pipe
– exhaust pipe
– expand pipe
– expansion of pipe
– expansion pipe
– flatten pipe
– forged pipe
– glazed pipe
– goose-neck pipe
– hawse pipe
– heat pipe
– hot-drawn pipe
– hot-rolled pipe
– hub of pipe
– inlet pipe
– inserted-joint pipe
– insulating pipe
– intake pipe
– light pipe
– manifold pipe
– mouth of a pipe
– muffler pipe
– nonpressure pipe
– outlet pipe
– overflow pipe
– pipe bend
– pipe capacity
– pipe carrier
– pipe casting
– pipe clip
– pipe collapses
– pipe connector
– pipe coupling
– pipe culvert
– pipe drain
– pipe filter
– pipe ground
– pipe hanger
– pipe installation
– pipe laying
– pipe line
– pipe nipple
– pipe prover
– pipe reamer
– pipe rolling
– pipe scaffolding
– pipe seal
– pipe seam
– pipe steel
– pipe still
– pipe tobacco
– pipe tongs
– pipe welding
– pipe wrench
– pressure pipe
– pressure-water pipe
– pump-compressor pipe
– reducing pipe
– reed pipe
– refrigeration pipe
– reinforced-concrete pipe
– return pipe
– rolled pipe
– seam pipe
– seamless pipe
– sewage pipe
– sewer pipe
– siphon pipe
– steam pipe
– steel pipe
– tail pipe
– tell-tale pipe
– threaded pipe
– tremie pipe
– vent pipe
– wash pipe
– water pipe
– welded pipe
hydrostatic ground pipe — <energ.> трубка грунтовая гидростатическая
-
31 loss
1) потеря; потери2) потери передачи, потери при передаче3) затухание, ослабление•- loss of efficiencyloss per unit length — потери на единицу длины, погонные потери
- loss of frame alignment
- loss of gate control
- loss of lock rate
- absorption loss
- acoustic loss
- air loss
- angle deviation loss
- angular deviation loss
- apparent power loss
- arc loss
- arc-drop loss
- attenuation loss
- azimuth loss
- beam-shape loss
- bending loss
- branching loss
- bremsstrahiung loss
- bridging loss
- bulk loss
- cable loss
- cavity loss
- cladding loss
- coax loss
- coil loss
- coincidence loss
- cold loss
- conduction loss
- conversion loss
- copper loss
- core loss
- corona loss
- counting loss
- cross-polarization loss
- crosstalk loss
- detail loss
- dielectric loss
- diffraction loss
- display loss
- dissociation loss
- divergence loss
- eddy-current loss
- edge loss
- end loss
- equivalent articulation loss
- forward power loss
- fractional counting loss
- free-space loss
- Fresnel loss
- friction loss
- gap loss
- guide material loss
- head alignment loss
- heat loss
- high-field loss
- high-frequency loss
- in-and-out loss
- incidental loss
- incremental hysteresis loss
- insertion loss
- interaction loss
- inverse loss
- I2R loss
- iron loss
- Joule heat loss
- junction loss
- line loss
- line-of-sight loss
- low-field loss
- low-frequency loss
- magnetic loss
- magnetic hysteresis loss
- magnetic lag loss
- minimum expected loss
- mirror conduction loss
- mirror transmission loss
- mismatch loss
- mode-dependent loss
- net loss
- no-load loss
- offset loss
- ohmic loss
- passband loss
- path loss
- piezoelectric loss
- playback loss
- pointing loss
- polarization mismatch loss
- power loss
- processing loss
- propagation loss
- radiation loss
- recording loss
- reflection loss
- refraction loss
- relaxation loss
- residual loss
- resistance loss
- resistive loss
- return loss
- reverse power loss
- rotational hysteresis loss
- round-trip loss
- scanning loss
- scattering loss
- selective loss
- self-field loss
- separation loss
- single-pass loss
- spacing loss
- specific loss
- spillover loss
- spreading loss
- structural return loss
- superradiant-fluorescent loss
- thermoelastic loss
- thickness loss
- through loss
- tilt loss
- tolerance loss
- tracking loss
- transducer loss
- transformer loss
- transformer load loss
- transformer no-load loss
- transformer total loss
- transition loss
- translation loss
- transmission loss
- two-way loss
- vignetting loss
- volt-ampere loss
- walk-off loss -
32 loss
1) потеря; потери2) потери передачи, потери при передаче3) затухание, ослабление•- acoustic lossloss per unit length — потери на единицу длины, погонные потери
- air loss
- angle deviation loss
- angular deviation loss
- apparent power loss
- arc loss
- arc-drop loss
- attenuation loss
- azimuth loss
- beam-shape loss
- bending loss
- branching loss
- bremsstrahiung loss
- bridging loss
- bulk loss
- cable loss
- cavity loss
- cladding loss
- coax loss
- coil loss
- coincidence loss
- cold loss
- conduction loss
- conversion loss
- copper loss
- core loss
- corona loss
- counting loss
- cross-polarization loss
- crosstalk loss
- detail loss
- dielectric loss
- diffraction loss
- display loss
- dissociation loss
- divergence loss
- eddy-current loss
- edge loss
- end loss
- equivalent articulation loss
- forward power loss
- fractional counting loss
- free-space loss
- Fresnel loss
- friction loss
- gap loss
- guide material loss
- head alignment loss
- heat loss
- high-field loss
- high-frequency loss
- I2R loss
- in-and-out loss
- incidental loss
- incremental hysteresis loss
- insertion loss
- interaction loss
- inverse loss
- iron loss
- Joule heat loss
- junction loss
- line loss
- line-of-sight loss
- loss of data
- loss of efficiency
- loss of frame alignment
- loss of gate control
- loss of lock rate
- low-field loss
- low-frequency loss
- magnetic hysteresis loss
- magnetic lag loss
- magnetic loss
- minimum expected loss
- mirror conduction loss
- mirror transmission loss
- mismatch loss
- mode-dependent loss
- net loss
- no-load loss
- offset loss
- ohmic loss
- passband loss
- path loss
- piezoelectric loss
- playback loss
- pointing loss
- polarization mismatch loss
- power loss
- processing loss
- propagation loss
- radiation loss
- recording loss
- reflection loss
- refraction loss
- relaxation loss
- residual loss
- resistance loss
- resistive loss
- return loss
- reverse power loss
- rotational hysteresis loss
- round-trip loss
- scanning loss
- scattering loss
- selective loss
- self-field loss
- separation loss
- single-pass loss
- spacing loss
- specific loss
- spillover loss
- spreading loss
- structural return loss
- superradiant-fluorescent loss
- thermoelastic loss
- thickness loss
- through loss
- tilt loss
- tolerance loss
- tracking loss
- transducer loss
- transformer load loss
- transformer loss
- transformer no-load loss
- transformer total loss
- transition loss
- translation loss
- transmission loss
- two-way loss
- vignetting loss
- volt-ampere loss
- walk-off lossThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > loss
-
33 device
приспособление; механизм; устройство; установка; прибор; аппарат (см. также apparatus, instrument, mechanism); элемент; компонент; метод; методика; процедура; способ; план; проект; схема; эмблема; амер. значок- device capacity - device class - device complexity - device control character - device control register - device control unit - device coordinates - device cycle - device directory - device docking - device driver - device error message - device executive - device for all-range centrifugal regulator correction - device ID - device independent - device integration - device operating failures - device queue - device resolution - device stability - device status condition - device under test - activation device - alarm device - anticrash device - AND device - anti-dazzling device - anticollision device - anticreep device - antidive device - antijamming device - antijoy ride device - antipumping device - antiroll device - antirotation device - assembly feed device - automatic arm locking device - automatic tracking device - bit rotation device - breakaway device - breakaway safety device - breakout device - bridge device - bridging device - built-in diagnostic device - bucket-tipping device - casing-rotating device - catch device - catching device - center-locating device - central control device - chain-stretching device - chain-type leveling device - levelling device - changeover device - character display device - charging device - checking device - chip control device - chip flushing device - choice device - chuck jaw-changing device - chuck jaw-forming device - chuck location device - chucking device - circular milling device - clearance device - clearing device - clever device - clutch antirotation device - clutch-operating device - code device - coded automatic reader device - cold-start device - compensating device - complete device - compliance device - compliant device - computer access device - conditioning device - constant hydrostatic head device - constant tension device - constant torque device - contact device - contact sealing device - continuously variable adjustment device - control device - control-monitor device - control device controlling device - controlled device - controlled handling device - controlling device - conveying-loading device - coolant transfer device - copying device - correcting device - crane device - cross rail clamping device - current-collecting device - custom's device - cutoff device - cut-out device - cutter angle testing device - cutter-checking device - cutter-trueing device - damping device - data storage device - data-setting device - deburring device - deep hole tapping device - defective device - delta-connected device - density device - depth-measuring device - differential device - differential speed reduction device - digital measuring device - dimension monitoring device - directed beam display device - discrete output device - disengaging device - disk-type leveling device - display device - distance-measuring device - diverting device - dividing device - dragging device - dressing device - drilling device - drive device - driven device - driving roller device - duplicating device - edging device - educational device - electric control device - electromechanical locking device in case of rope failure - electronic storage device - emergency cutoff device - emergency-knockoff device - emergency release device - emergency stop device - emission control device - emptying device - end device device - end-finishing device - end-machining device - end-of-arm tooling safety device - energy storage device - error-detection device - error-sensing device - escapement device - estimation device - etching device - executive device - expandable holding device - external diagnostic device - external read-in device - fail-active device - fail-passive device - fail-safe device - failure-detection device - failure-indicating device - failure-sensing device - fastening device - fault-isolation device - fault-locating device - feed control device - feeding device - fifth-wheel device - finger-type leveling device - finger-type levelling device - fixed length stroke device - fixing device - fixturing device - flaw-detecting device - flotation device - flow control device - flow-diverting device - fluid logic device - four-arm device - fuel-metering device - fuel run-out warning device - functional switching device - galvanic device - gas discharge device - gas-partitioning device - go-no-go device - grabbing device - graphic input device - gravitational separating device - gravity device - gripping device - guard device - guide device - Hall device - Hall-effect device - handling device - hard-wired command-and-control device - hauling device - height-measuring device - height setting-and-measuring device - helical milling device - high-pressure cleaning device - hoisting device - hold-down device - hold-off device - holding device - holding down device - hole-locating device - homing device - honing device - hooking device - hopper-type loading device - hydraulic releasing device - hydraulic retaining device - hydraulically actuated retaining device - ignition device - in-line device - in-process gaging device - in-process storage device - indexing device - indicating device - indicator device - inertial energy-storage device - information-processing device - input device - input-output device - inspection device - insulation monitoring device - interference detection device - interlock device - interlocking device - isolating device - jarring device - jaw shift device - jet device - joint device - knock-off device - labour-saving device - latching device - laying device - lift device - lift device with insulating arm - lifting device - limiting device - linear measuring device - load-handling device - load safety device - load-unload device - loading device - loading-unloading device - locating device - locking device - long lateral device - long normal device - low-frequency galvanic device - lubricating device - M-code device - machine retaining device - machine-dedicated device - machining device - magnetic holding device - magnetic medium input device - magnetic release device - magnetic testing device - magnetizing device - make-and-break device - manual input device - marking device - master device - master locating device - matching device - material-handling device - materials-handling device - measuring device - mechanical switching device - mechanical system diagnostic device - mending device - metering device - metrology room device - microautomatic device - microfocused device - micrometric displacement device - microspacing device - minimum-current release device - miter-cutting device - mixing device - monitoring device - monostable device - motion translation device - movement position device - muffling device - multichannel analyzer device - multidigit display device - multipallet automatic pallet-changing device - multipart clamping device - multiple switching device - multipoint measuring device - night viewing device - noise-attenuating device - noise-eliminating device - nondeteriorating device - nonsynchronous loading device - normal device - normal logging device - numerical control device - nut-locking device - off-line device - offloading device - offtake device - oiling device - oleodynamic device - on-line device - operating device - operation-performing device - optical reading device - optical scanning device - optoelectronic device - OR device - orienting device - origin-shift device - output device - oval turning device - overcurrent release device - overload-detecting device - overload device - overload prevention device - overload-protection device - overload release device - overload safety device - override-idle economy device - pallet load-unload device - pallet locating-and-clamping device - pallet shuttle device - pallet transfer device - pallet transport device - part handling-and-storage device - part-marking device - part present device - part presentation device - part probing device - partitioning device - pen-equipped device - peripheral recording device - permanent insulation monitoring device - personal protective device - photoelectric device - photoelectric semiconductor device - photosensitive device - pick device - pick-and-place device - pickup device - pipe collapsing device - pipe-cutting device - pipe hoisting device - pipe makeup and breakout automatic device - pipe-shearing device - pipe stabber device - pit level device - plotting device - plug-in device - plugging device - pointer device - pointer-type device - pointing device - poligon-cutting device - polyphase device - polyphase electrical device - porosity-estimating device - porosity-sensitive device - position control device - positioning device - power-assisted clamping device - power chucking device - preselector device - presence sensing device - pressure abnormal fall detecting device - pressure-difference device - pressure fall preventing device - pressure-sensing device - primary device - printing device - probe control device - probe-changing device - probing device - process-monitoring device - profiling device - program transfer device - programmable device - programmable wheel trueing device - projection optical device - propulsion device - propulsive device - protecting device - protective device - puller device - pulling device - pushing device - radial stretching device - radius planing device - radius trueing device - rail-clamping device - rail-setting device - ratchet device - ratcheting device - reading device - readout device - ready-not-ready device - reclosing device - recognition device - recording device - redundancy device - redundant device - regulating device - regulator device - relay device - releasing device - relief device - relieving device - remote maintenance device - repairable device - resetting device - resistivity measuring device - resolver position measuring device - rest device - restraint device - retaining device - retrieval device - return spring device - reverse-current release device - reverse-thrust device - reversing device - right-angle orientating device - robot device - robot-like device - robot load-unload device - robot part-handling device - robotic device - robotic inspection device - robotic loading device - rocking device - roll feed device - rotary machining device - rotary power-torque device - rotating device - sand-spraying device - safety device - safety alarm device - safety control device - safety interlock device - safety locking device - safety slipping device - sampling device - scanning device - scraping device - screening device - screw copying device - screw locking device - sealing device - search device - searching device - securing device - seed-feeding device - sowing device - seed-sowing device - self-balancing device - self-diagnosis device - self-gripping device - self-healing device - self-leveling device - self-levelling device - self-reacting device - self-repair device - semiautomatic device - semiconductor device - semiconductor display device - semiconductor power device - semiconductor switching device - sending device - sensing device - sensing-switching device - sensor device - separation device - serial device - setting device - shaker device - shearing device - short normal device - short-time memory device - shut-down device - shut-off device - shuting-off device - sighting device - signal device - signaling device - single-lever locking device - single-phase device - single-phase electrical device - single-pole switching device - sizing device - skew-compensating device - slitter device - slowing-down device - smart device - smart power device - snap-action switching device - sonic device - sound emitting device - special machine retaining device - speed reduction device - speed-limit device - speed-limiting device - speed-sensing device - spindle-keylock device - spindle-keylocking device - spinning device - spiral milling device - split clamping device - spooling device - spraying device - spreading device - spring balancing device - squelch device - stall warning device - star-connected device - starting device - static switching device - steadying device - steering device - stirring device - stocking device - stop device - stopper-rod device - stopping device - storage device - stretching device - strip-off device - stroke device - surface-mounted device - swing arm device - swirling device - switch device - switching device - switch-type sensing device - switching-off device - table-tilting device - tactile sensing device - take-up device - taper-turning device - tapping device - tea-leaf harvesting device - picking device - telechiric device - telemetering device - tensioner device - tensioning device - testing device - thermal release device - thermoelectric device - three-axis sensing device - three-dimensional sensing device - three-linear axis device - thrust-vectoring device - tightening device - tilting device - time-cycling device - time-delay device - tipping device - tool-changing device - tool-checking device - tool feed control device - tool-guiding device - tool life control device - tool-loading device - tool-pregaging device - tool-presetting device - tool-setting device - tool storage device - toolholder-changing device - toolholding device - torque release device - tracing device - transfer device - trip-free mechanical switching device - tripping device - trouble-location device - trouble-shooting device - trueing device - trunnion device - tube end finishing device - tube-cutting device - tube-trimming device - turnaround device - turnover device - twin-pallet rotating device - two-axis sensing device - ultrasonic proximity device - universal machine retaining device - upsetting device - unwinding device - variable gain device - variable speed device - vector-measuring device - visible light emission device - warning device - washing device - water suction device - waveguide protection device - wear-sensing device - weighting device - wheel-trueing device - withdrawing device - work recognition device - work rest device - work-staging device - work transfer device - workhandling device - workholding device - workpiece holddown device - workpiece-sensing device - workpiece support device - worm-type leveling device - zero-resetting device - zero-setting device -
34 trap
1. гидравлический затвор, сифон2. затвор-ревизия3. ловушка; сепаратор, отделитель; конденсатоотводчикhalf S trap — сифон на горизонтальном трубопроводе; прямой сифон
mud trap — грязеуловитель, грязевик
nonsiphon trap — гидравлический затвор с высотой столба жидкости в колене 7,5—10 см
non-occupied trap — незанятая ловушка; вакантная ловушка
4. прямой сифон, сифон с горизонтальным отводом5. водяной затвор в горизонтальной трубеplumbing trap — гидравлический затвор, сифон
scale trap — грязеуловитель, грязевик
waste trap — сифон, водяной затвор
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35 tube
2) патрубок4) туннель5) англ. метро(политен)6) резин. камера ( шины или рукава)7) резин. шприцевать трубчатую заготовку9) футляр, гильза ( сухого элемента)10) эл. вентиль14) электронно-лучевой прибор, ЭЛП15) электронно-лучевая трубка, ЭЛТ17) лупа (напр. визирная)18) губа, тюбик•-
acorn tube
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afterglow tube
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air tube
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airspeed tube
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aligned-grid tube
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all-metal tube
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all-rubber tube
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amplification tube
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annular tubes
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attenuator tube
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augmentor tube
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backward-wave tube
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ballast tube
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bantam tube
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Barkhausen-Kurz tube
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Barkhausen tube
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barometer tube
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bead tube
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beam tube
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beam-deflection selector tube
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beam-indexing tube
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beam-power tube
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beam-storage tube
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beam-switching tube
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bipotential cathode-ray tube
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bipotential tube
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black-and-white picture tube
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blast tube
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blind-end tube
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blocking tube
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boiling tube
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bottom-guide tube
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Bourdon tube
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branch tube
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Braun tube
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bridge wall tubes
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bubble tube
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butt-ended tube
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calandria tube
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calming tube
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camera tube
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casing tube
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casting tube
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cathode-ray memory tube
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cathode-ray tube
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cell-type tube
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center air tube
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charge-storage tube
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choke tube
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Christophorsen tube
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chromatron tube
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cigarette tube
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clad tube
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clean tube
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cloth-inserted tube
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coiled tubes
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cold-cathode tube
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collapsible tube
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color cathode-ray tube
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color picture tube
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concentric draft tube
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contactor tube
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contact tube
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continuous tube
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convergent short tube
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convergent tube
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converging tube
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convoluted tube
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corona-discharge tube
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corona tube
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counter tube
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cracking tube
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crossed-field tube
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crossover tube
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cutting oxygen tube
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damper tube
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dark-trace tube
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decade counter tube
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delta gun shadow mask tube
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density-modulated tube
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detonator tube
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dipper tube
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direct viewing tube
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direct view tube
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directional-beam X-ray tube
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direct-viewing storage tube
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direct-view storage tube
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discharge tube
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display storage tube
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display tube
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dissector tube
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distillation tube
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diverging tube
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double-gun cathode-ray tube
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double-walled tube
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draft tube
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drainage tube
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drain tube
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drawdown tube
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dredging tube
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drying tube
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elbow-type draft tube
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elbow draft tube
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electrical-signal storage tube
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electric-signal storage tube
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electrode cooling tube
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electrometer tube
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electron-beam tube
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electronic tube
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electron-multiplier tube
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electrostatic memory tube
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emulsion tube
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end-window counter tube
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erect image focusing tube
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evaporating tube
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exhaust tube
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extension tube
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externally quenched counter tube
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fabric tube
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Faraday tube
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fast-screen cathode-rat tube
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feeder tube
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fence tube
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filler tube
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fire tube
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flame tube
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flange tube
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flared-type draft tube
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flash tube
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flat tube
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flat-ended tube
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flat-faced tube
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flat-screen tube
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flexible metal tube
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flow tube
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fluorescent tube
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fluted tube
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flux-feed tube
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flux tube
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flying spot scanning tube
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focusing tube
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fractional distillating tube
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fuel tube
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fuel-element charging tube
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fuel-element discharge tube
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fuel-element transfer tube
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fuel-port tube
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furnace tube
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fuse tube
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gas-discharge tube
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gas-filled counter tube
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gas-flow counter tube
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Geiger-Muller counter tube
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Geiger counter tube
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glow tube
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glow-discharge tube
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grid-glow tube
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grilled tube
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grout tube
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guide tube
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halogen tube
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heavy-end tube
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heavy-fin tube
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heavy-walled tube
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helical welded tube
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high-vacuum tube
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high-velocity camera tube
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hot-cathode tube
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image camera tube
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image pickup tube
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image tube
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image-converter tube
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image-dissector tube
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image-intensifier tube
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impact tube
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indicator tube
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inductance tube
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inflatable rubber tube
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injection tube
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inlet tube
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in-line gun color picture tube
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in-line color picture tube
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in-line picture tube
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inner tube
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insulating tube
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internally pressurized tube
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ionization-gage tube
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isosceles triangular tube
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lance tube
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Lawrence tube
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lens tube
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level tube
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lift tube
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line-focus tube
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local-oscillator tube
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longitudinal welded tube
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low-fin tube
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low-velocity camera tube
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L-shape tube
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luminescent tube
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luminescent-screen tube
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luminous discharge tube
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magnetic-focusing tube
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Maxwell tube
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mechanically controlled tube
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memory cathode-ray tube
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memory tube
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mercury pool tube
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mercury-arc tube
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miniature tube
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mixer tube
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mixing tube
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Mojonnier tube
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mold tube
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Moody spreading draft tube
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Moody draft tube
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M-type tube
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multielectrode tube
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multigun cathode-ray tube
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multigun tube
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multiple tube
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multiplier tube
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multistage X-ray tube
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neon tube
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night-sight tube
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nitrometer tube
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Nixie tube
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nonuniformly heated tube
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oscillating tube
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oscillograph tube
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O-type tube
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outlet tube
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panoramic X-ray tube
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parent tube
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pastes tube
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penetration tube
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phase-shifter tube
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photoelectric tube
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photoflash tube
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photomultiplier tube
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photosensitive tube
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pickup tube
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picture tube
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PIL type tube
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PIL tube
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Pitot tube
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plumbicon tube
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poison tube
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polyallomer tube
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polycarbonate tube
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pool-cathode tube
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pool tube
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power tube
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precision in-line tube
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preheating oxygen tube
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pressure tube
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process tube
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projection tube
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proportional counter tube
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protector tube
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proximity-focused image tube
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puncture-sealing tube
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pyrometer tube
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radiant section tubes
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radiant tubes
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radiation counter tube
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radio tube
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reactance tube
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recording cathode-ray tube
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recording tube
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regulating tube
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reserve tube
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return tube
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revolving tube
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riffled tube
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rigid tube
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road-draft tube
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roof radiant tubes
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rotating-anode X-ray tube
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rough tube
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rubber tube
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rudder tube
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run resist tube
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safety inner tube
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sampling tube
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scaffold tube
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screen tubes
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scupper tube
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seamless drawn tube
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seamless tube
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SEC tube
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sectional X-ray tube
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self-quenched counter tube
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shaft tube
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shielded tube
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shock tube
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silicon diode-array camera tube
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silicon camera tube
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silicon-intensifier target tube
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siphon draft tube
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sleeve tube
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slot-mask tube
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smooth-wall tube
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snorkel tube
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snow sampling tube
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snow tube
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softening point tubes
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solid tube
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space-charge-wave tube
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stabilitron tube
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stationary-anode X-ray tube
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steam tube
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steam-generating tube
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steering tube
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stern tube
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stopper tube
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storage cathode-ray tube
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storage tube
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straight draft tube
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stream tube
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strip-phosphor tube
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suction tube
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switching tube
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tank breather tubes
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television picture tube
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television tube
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tension tube
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test tube
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thermometer tube
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thief tube
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thin-walled tube
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three-gun color picture tube
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thruster tube
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tire inner tube
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torch tube
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transition tube
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transverse-field traveling-wave tube
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traveling-wave tube
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trigger tube
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tripotential cathode-ray tube
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tripotential tube
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tube of current
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tube of electric force
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tube of flow
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tube of magnetic flux
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tube of magnetic force
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twisting tube
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twist tube
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uniformly heated tube
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U-V fluorescent tube
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vacuum tube
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vacuum-gage tube
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valve tube
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vapor delivery tube
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vapor tube
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Venturi tube
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vidicon camera tube
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vidicon tube
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voltage-reference tube
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voltage-regulating tube
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wall radiant tubes
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wall tube
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waterwall tube
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Williams tube
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wire-reinforced plastic tube
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wiring tube
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X-ray tube
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x-y shutter tube -
36 wave
1) волна; струя2) колебание3) неровность; ухаб дороги•- air shock wave - atmospheric tidal wave - audio-frequency wave - blanking wave - blast wave - body wave - bottom wave - bow wave - breaking wave - capillary wave - carrier wave - centimetre waves - cold wave - compressible shock wave - compression wave - condensational wave - constant wave - continuous wave - convergent shock wave - damped waves - decadent wave - decaying wave - deep-water wave - deflection wave - density wave - detached shock wave - detonation wave - direct wave - earth wave - elastic wave - electromagnetic wave - expansion wave - expansion shock wave - explosion shock wave - explosive wave - flood wave - free wave - free progressive wave - frequency-modulated wave - fundamental wave - harmonic wave - heat wave - Hertz waves - hydraulic jump wave - infrared waves - infrasonic waves - inhomogeneous wave - intensity wave - interrupted wave - inverse wave - knock wave - lunar tidal wave - magnetoacoustical wave - modulated continuous wave - moving wave - normal shock wave - oblique shock wave - operating wave - oscillatory wave - positive pressure wave - power wave - pressure wave - progressive wave - radio waves - rarefaction wave - reflected wave - resonance wave - return wave - running wave - seismic waves - shock wave - signal wave - sound wave - stable wave - standing wave - subsurface wave - suction wave - supersonic waves - surface wave - tension wave - tidal wave - torsional wave - trailing wave - travelling wave - ultrasonic waves - vertical wave - water-hammer wave* * *волна- air wave
- body wave
- compression wave
- explosion shock wave
- flood wave
- pressure wave
- pressure waves radiating outward from vibrator
- S wave
- shear wave
- shock wave
- stress wave
- translation wave
- wind wave -
37 landing
приземление; посадка; посадочныйlanding from 35 ft — посадочная дистанция с высоты 35 футов (10,5 м)
landing in cold temperature — посадка при низкой температуре (окружающего воздуха,)
practice a landing — тренироваться в посадке, отрабатывать посадку
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38 modular data center
модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
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[Интент]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
[ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]
Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.
В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.
At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.
В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.
Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.
Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.
Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.
Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?
If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.
One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:
The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:
Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.
А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.
This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 designЭто заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколенияAre you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.
It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.
From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.
Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:
Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.
С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.
Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.
Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.
Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.
Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.
Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.
Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
Мы все подвергаем сомнениюIn our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.
В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
Серийное производство дата центров
In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД
And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
Строительство дата центров без чиллеровWe have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.
Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.
By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.
Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.
Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.
Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
Gen 4 – это стандартная платформаFinally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.
Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:
Scalable
Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
Rapid deployment
De-mountable
Reduce TTM
Reduced construction
Sustainable measuresНиже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:
Расширяемость;
Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
Быстрота развертывания;
Возможность демонтажа;
Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
Сокращение сроков строительства;
Экологичность;Map applications to DC Class
We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!
Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.
Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.
Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!
На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.
Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designsТак что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центровWe thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.
Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.
It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.
Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.
We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.
Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.
No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.
Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.
As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.
Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.
This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.
Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.
Тематики
Синонимы
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > modular data center
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39 compartment
1) отделение; камера3) ж.-д. купе4) возд. кабина; отсек5) мор. отсек8) перегородка ( тарной коробки)9) полигр. гнездо, ячейка ( шрифтовой кассы)•-
air compartment
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anode compartment
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axle compartment
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baggage compartment
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baggage/cargo compartment
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battery compartment
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buffer compartment
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cable drum compartment
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cage compartment
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cargo compartment
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cathode compartment
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cold compartment
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column compartment
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concentrating compartment
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counterweight compartment
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crankcase compartment
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crew compartment
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dialyzate compartment
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domestic compartment
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double-berth compartment
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double-sleeping compartment
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electrolytic compartment
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electrolyzer compartment
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engine compartment
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equipment compartment
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flight compartment
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food-storage compartment
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four-berth compartment
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fuel compartment
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glove compartment
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heated compartment
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hoist compartment
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hot food compartment
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implements compartment
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landing gear compartment
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luggage compartment
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maintenance compartment
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man cage compartment
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manway compartment
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mixing compartment
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observation dome compartment
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one-scat compartment
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operator's compartment
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passenger compartment
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pilot's compartment
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pipe compartment
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postal compartment
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pressurized compartment
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pumping compartment
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reactor compartment
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return compartment
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rock compartment
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service compartment
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sieve-hood compartment
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sifter compartment
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single-berth compartment
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skip compartment
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smokehouse compartment
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soaking compartment
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systems compartment
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test compartment
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transfer compartment
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well ventilated compartment
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working compartment -
40 end
1) конец, окончание, завершение || кончать(ся); заканчивать(ся); завершать(ся) || концевой, конечный2) край, оконечность; концевая часть; наконечник3) торец, торцевая поверхность; торцевая стенка4) крышка; дно; днище ( ёмкости) || устанавливать крышку или дно; мн. ч. концы (донышко и крышка жестяной консервной банки)5) головка (напр. шатуна)6) разрушение; гибель7) ребро; лезвие ( инструмента)8) горн. забой ( подготовительный)9) остаток; крайняя фракция ( начальная или конечная)10) мн. ч. основные нити, основа ( ткани)12) матем. предел•end of core life — конец кампании активной зоны ( ядерного реактора)end of dislocation — выход дислокаций ( на поверхность)end of lock — голова судоходного шлюзаabnormal end of task — вчт. аварийное прекращение( выполнения) задания-
abutting ends
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air end
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approach end
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back end of fuel cycle
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back end
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ball end
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ballpoint lever end
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basic end
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batten ends
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battered rail end
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beet end
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belly end
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bent ends
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big end
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bitter end
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blind end
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blunt end
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boot end
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bottom end
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box end
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box pipe end
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built-in end
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business end
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butt end
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butted fiber end
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cap end
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capped end
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cast-steel underframe end
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charge end
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cleared end
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cold end
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commutator end
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conditioning end
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connecting rod end
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control cable end
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corrugated steel end
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coupler shank rear end
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crop end
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crosscut end
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cutting end
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dead end
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deal ends
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delivery end
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development end
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discharge end
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dished end
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drawing end
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drive end
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driven end
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drop end
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dry end
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dull ends
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egg end
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electrode end
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entry end
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exit end
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externally upset end
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eye end
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far end
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feed end
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feeder end
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female end of pipe
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fining end
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finishing end
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fixed end
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flared end
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flat-seat nozzle end
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front end of the fuel cycle
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front end
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fully framed end
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gable end
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gate end
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gathering end
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graphite end
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head end
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heavy ends
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hinged end
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hipped end
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hot end
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internally upset end
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joint end
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lapped ends
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leading end
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lean end of column
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light ends
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loading end
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male end of pipe
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melting end
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near end
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nose end
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outlet end
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outshore end of breakwater
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pin pipe end
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piped end
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piston ring end
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plain pipe end
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pointed end
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port end
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preinsulated terminal end
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pusher end
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rear end
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receiving end
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reeling end
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reference end
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refining end
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return end
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rod end
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roof end
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round end
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running end
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sealed end
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seed end
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sending end
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shank end
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shield end
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shoreward end of breakwater
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shorted end
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shouldered end
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siding end
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sleeper head end
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soldered end
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spigot end
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standing-off end
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stub end
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sugar end
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switch rail end
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tail end
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terminal end
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throw-off end
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top end
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trailing end
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upstream end
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valve stem end
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warm end
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waste end
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wear end
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wire end
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wobbler end
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working end
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