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1 close
I.close1 [kləʊs]1. adjectivea. ( = near) proche• in close proximity to sb/sth dans le voisinage immédiat de qn/qch• she felt something close to loathing for the man elle éprouvait un sentiment proche de la haine pour cet hommeb. [friend, relative] proche ; [relationship, friendship] profond ; [cooperation, ties, links, connection] étroit ; [resemblance] fort• to be in/keep in close contact with sb être/rester en contact étroit avec qn• to be/feel close to sb être/se sentir proche de qnc. [examination, inspection, study] attentif ; [questioning] serré ; [investigation, enquiry, checking] minutieux ; [translation] fidèle• (up)on closer inspection or examination après un examen plus minutieux• to keep a close eye or watch on sb/sth surveiller qn/qch de prèsd. [texture] dense ; [election, contest, race, finish] serrée. [room] mal aéré ; [atmosphere] lourd2. adverb• close to sb/sth près de qn/qch• close behind (sb/sth) juste derrière (qn/qch)• close by (sb/sth) tout près (de qn/qch)• to get close (to sb/sth) s'approcher (de qn/qch)• to get closer (to sb/sth) se rapprocher (de qn/qch)• to be close at hand [object] être à portée de main ; [place] être à proximité ; [date, event] être proche• to look at sth close to/up regarder qch de très près3. compoundsII.close2 [kləʊz]1. noun( = end) fin f• to draw sth or bring sth to a close mettre fin à qcha. ( = shut) fermer ; [+ road] barrerb. [+ proceedings, discussion] mettre fin à ; [+ account] clorea. [door, drawer] se fermer ; [museum, theatre, shop] fermerb. [session] se terminer ; [speaker] terminer• the meeting closed abruptly la séance a pris fin or s'est terminée brusquement4. compounds► close season noun (British) (Hunting) période f de fermeture de la chasse ; (Fishing) période f de fermeture de la pêche ; (Football) intersaison f[business, shop] fermer (définitivement)[hunters, pursuers] se rapprocher ; [darkness, night] tomber• to close in on sb ( = approach) se rapprocher de qn ; (in race, pursuit) rattraper qn► close off separable transitive verb[+ room] interdire l'accès à ; [+ road] barrer► close up[people in line] se rapprocher ; [wound] se refermer[+ house, shop] fermer* * *I 1. [kləʊs]1) ( road) passage m2) ( of cathedral) enceinte f2.1) ( with close links) [relative] proche; [resemblance] frappantto bear a close resemblance to somebody/something — ressembler beaucoup à quelqu'un/quelque chose
close links with — liens mpl étroits avec [country]; liens mpl d'amitié avec [group]
2) ( intimate) [friend] proche (to de)3) ( almost equal) [contest, result] serré‘is it the same?’ - ‘no but it's close’ — ‘c'est le même?’ - ‘non mais c'est proche’
4) (careful, rigorous) [scrutiny] minutieux/-ieuse; [supervision] étroitto keep a close watch ou eye on somebody/something — surveiller étroitement quelqu'un/quelque chose
5) ( compact) [texture] dense; [print, formation] serré6) ( stuffy) [weather] lourd7) (colloq) ( secretive)3.1) ( nearby)it's close, I can hear it — il ne doit pas être loin, je l'entends
2) ( close temporally)3) ( almost)4.‘is the answer three?’ - ‘close!’ — ‘est-ce que la réponse est trois?’ - ‘tu y es presque’
close enough adverbial phrase5.that's close enough — ( no nearer) tu es assez près; ( acceptable) ça ira
close to prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase1) ( near) près de [place, person, object]how close are we to...? — à quelle distance sommes-nous de...?
2) ( on point of) au bord de [tears, hysteria]3) ( almost at)closer to 30 than 40 — plus proche or plus près de 40 ans que de 30
to come closest to — s'approcher le plus de [ideal, conception]
how close are you to completing...? — est-ce que vous êtes sur le point de finir...?
4) ( also close on (colloq)) ( approximately) près de, presque6.close by prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase près de [wall, bridge]••(from) close to — (colloq)
II 1. [kləʊz]it was a close call (colloq) ou shave (colloq) ou thing — je l'ai/tu l'as etc échappé belle
1) gen, Sport fin fat the close of day — littér à la tombée du jour liter
2) Finance2.transitive verb1) ( shut) fermer2) ( block) fermer [border, port]; boucher [pipe, opening]; barrer [road]; interdire l'accès à [area of town]3) ( bring to an end) mettre fin à [meeting, case]; fermer [account]4) ( reduce)to close the gap — fig réduire l'écart
5) ( agree) conclure [deal, contract]3.1) ( shut) [airport, polls, shop] fermer; [door, container, eyes, mouth] se fermer2) ( cease to operate) [business, mine] fermer définitivement3) ( end) [meeting, play] prendre finto close with — se terminer par [song]
4) Finance [currency, index] clôturer (at à)the market closed down/up — le marché a clôturé en baisse/en hausse
5) ( get smaller) se réduire6) ( get closer) se rapprocher (on de)4.closed past participle adjective1) ( shut) fermé‘closed’ — ( sign in shop) ‘fermé’; ( in theatre) ‘relâche’
‘closed for lunch/for repairs’ — ‘fermé pour le déjeuner/pour cause de réparations’
‘road closed’ — ‘route barrée’
‘closed to the public’ — ‘interdit au public’
‘closed to traffic’ — ‘circulation interdite’
behind closed doors — fig à huis clos
2) ( restricted) [community, meeting] fermé•Phrasal Verbs:- close in- close up -
2 VAT
∎ exclusive of or excluding VAT hors TVA;∎ subject to VAT soumis(e) à la TVA;∎ to be VAT registered être assujetti(e) à la TVAVAT credit crédit m de TVA;VAT exempt amount montant m exonéré de TVA;familiar VAT man = inspecteur de la TVA;VAT rate taux m de TVA;VAT registration number code m assujetti TVA;VAT return déclaration f de TVA;VAT statement état m TVAA High Court judge ruled yesterday that the VAT man is perfectly entitled to pursue prostitutes. Mr Justice Jacob decided that members of the world's oldest profession should not be allowed to exploit a loophole because of their illegal activities and avoid paying value-added tax. The ruling, while difficult to enforce, raises the prospect of pimps and procurers having to keep accounts for inspection by Customs and Excise, just like any other business.
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3 review
review [rɪ'vju:]1 noun(a) (critical article) critique f;∎ the play got good/bad reviews la pièce a eu de bonnes/de mauvaises critiques;∎ he gave it a good review il en a fait une bonne critique(c) (assessment → of situation, conditions) étude f, examen m, bilan m;∎ the annual review of expenditure le bilan annuel des dépenses;∎ she first gave us a brief review of the situation elle nous a d'abord présenté un court bilan de la situation;∎ pollution controls are under review on est en train de réexaminer la réglementation en matière de pollution;∎ a review of the year une rétrospective des événements de l'année(d) (reassessment → of salary, prices, case) révision f;∎ all our prices are subject to review tous nos prix sont susceptibles d'être révisés;∎ my salary comes or is up for review next month mon salaire doit être révisé le mois prochain;∎ Law he asked for a review of his case il a demandé la révision de son procès∎ to hold a review passer une revue;∎ to pass troops in review passer des troupes en revue(a) (write critical article on) faire la critique de;∎ she reviews books for an Australian paper elle est critique littéraire pour un journal australien∎ they should review their security arrangements ils devraient revoir leurs dispositifs de sécurité;∎ to review a decision reconsidérer une décision(c) (go back over, look back on) passer en revue;∎ we shall be reviewing the events of the past year nous passerons en revue les événements qui se sont produits au cours de l'année passée∎ she quickly reviewed her notes before the speech elle jeta un dernier coup d'œil sur ses notes avant le discours;∎ American he's reviewing his French il révise son français∎ he reviews for the Sunday Times il rédige des critiques pour le Sunday Times►► review board commission f d'étude;review copy exemplaire m de service de presse;Television review screen écran m de vision -
4 thorough
thorough ['θʌrə](a) (complete → inspection, research) minutieux, approfondi;∎ to give sth a thorough cleaning/dusting nettoyer/épousseter qch à fond;∎ she has a thorough knowledge of her subject elle a une connaissance parfaite de son sujet, elle connaît son sujet à fond ou sur le bout des doigts;∎ she was subjected to a thorough cross-examination elle a subi un contre-interrogatoire minutieux;∎ it needs a thorough revision il faut réviser ça en profondeur;∎ they were given a thorough telling-off ils ont reçu un bon savon(b) (meticulous → work, worker) minutieux;∎ he did a very thorough job il a fait un travail très minutieux(c) (as intensifier) absolu, complet(ète);∎ what a thorough bore this book is! qu'est-ce qu'il est ennuyeux, ce livre!;∎ the man is a thorough scoundrel! c'est une crapule finie!;∎ it's a thorough nuisance! c'est vraiment très embêtant!;∎ to make a thorough nuisance of oneself se rendre complètement insupportable
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