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121 безвозвратные потери
Безвозвратные потери являются лишь одним из пагубных последствий монополии, например связанных с поиском ренты. — The dead-weight loss is only one of the harmful effects of monopoly, such as those associated with rent seeking.
потери в благосостоянии, безвозвратные — deadweight welfare loss
Конечно, безвозвратные потери в благосостоянии представляют только то, что может быть выиграно от перехода от монопольной ситуации к идеальной. — Of course, the dead-weight welfare loss represents only what can be gained from moving from a monopoly situation to an ideal situation.
Чтобы измерить потери в общественном благосостоянии, сравним значение общего излишка при монопольной цене с его же значением при конкурентной (равной предельным затратам) цене. — To measure the loss of social welfare, we compare the total surplus at the monopoly price with that at the competitive (marginal-cost) price.
Потери в благосостоянии необязательно снижаются по мере снижения эластичности спроса даже при снижении относительной наценки. — The welfare loss does not necessarily decrease with the elasticity of demand, even though the relative markup does.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > безвозвратные потери
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122 инструкции по монтажу, эксплуатации и техническому обслуживанию (НКУ)
- instructions for handling, installation, operation and maintenance
инструкции по монтажу, эксплуатации и техническому обслуживанию (НКУ)
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[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61439.1-2013]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
6.2.2 Instructions for handling, installation, operation and maintenance
The ASSEMBLY manufacturer shall provide in documents or catalogues the conditions, if any, for the handling, installation, operation and maintenance of the ASSEMBLY and the equipment contained therein.
If necessary, the instructions shall indicate the measures that are of particular importance for the proper and correct transport, handling, installation and operation of the ASSEMBLY.
The provision of weight details is of particular importance in connection with the transport and handling of ASSEMBLIES.
The correct location and installation of lifting means and the thread size of lifting attachments, if applicable, shall be given in the ASSEMBLY manufacturer's documentation or the instructions on how the ASSEMBLY has to be handled.
The measures to be taken, if any, with regard to EMC associated with the installation, operation and maintenance of the ASSEMBLY shall be specified (see Annex J).
If an ASSEMBLY specifically intended for environment A is to be used in environment B the following warning shall be included in the operating instructions:
CAUTION
This product has been designed for environment A. Use of this product in environment B may cause unwanted electromagnetic disturbances in which case the user may be required to take adequate mitigation measures.
Where necessary, the above-mentioned documents shall indicate the recommended extent and frequency of maintenance.
If the circuitry is not obvious from the physical arrangement of the apparatus installed, suitable information shall be supplied, for example wiring diagrams or tables.
[BS EN 61439-1:2009]6.2.2 Инструкции по монтажу, эксплуатации и техническому обслуживанию
Изготовитель НКУ в своей документации или каталожной информации, при необходимости, должен указать условия монтажа, эксплуатации и технического обслуживания НКУ и оборудования, содержащегося в нем.
Если необходимо, в инструкциях должны быть указаны специальные условия правильного транспортирования, монтажа, эксплуатации и функционирования НКУ.
При этом, указание веса представляет особую важность в связи с транспортированием и эксплуатацией НКУ.
Правильное размещение и порядок монтажа подъемных средств, а также размер резьбы арматуры для грузоподъемных работ при их применении должны быть указаны в инструкции по монтажу и эксплуатации изготовителя НКУ.
Если необходимо, должны быть указаны предпринимаемые меры, касающиеся ЭМС, при монтаже, эксплуатации и техническом обслуживании НКУ (см. приложение J).
Если НКУ, предназначенное для применения в окружающей среде А, необходимо использовать в окружающей среде В, в инструкцию по эксплуатации должно быть включено следующее предостережение:
ВНИМАНИЕ
Данное изделие рассчитано на применение в условиях окружающей среды А. Применение данного изделия в окружающей среде В может вызвать нежелательные электромагнитные помехи, в этом случае потребитель должен обеспечить соответствующую защиту другого оборудования.
При необходимости в документации могут быть указаны рекомендуемый объем и частота технического обслуживания.
Если принципиальная электрическая схема не очевидна по физическому размещению установленного оборудования, то должна быть представлена соответствующая информация в виде схем соединений или таблиц.]
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61439.1-2013]
Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
EN
- instructions for handling, installation, operation and maintenance
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > инструкции по монтажу, эксплуатации и техническому обслуживанию (НКУ)
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123 контакторное реле с выдержкой времени срабатывания
контакторное реле с выдержкой времени срабатывания
Реле с конкретными характеристиками выдержки времени.
Примечания:
1. Выдержка времени срабатывания может быть связана с включением напряжения (выдержка е), с выключением напряжения (выдержка d) или с тем и другим вместе.
2. Контакторное реле с выдержкой времени может иметь также контактные элементы мгновенного действия.
[ ГОСТ 50030.5.1-2005]EN
time-delay contactor relay
a contactor relay with specified time-delay characteristics
NOTE – The time-delay may be associated with energization ("e" delay) or with de-energization ("d" delay) or both.
[IEV number 441-14-37]FR
contacteur auxiliaire temporisé
contacteur auxiliaire ayant des caractéristiques de temporisation spécifiées
NOTE – La temporisation peut agir à l'excitation (retard "e"), ou à la désexcitation (retard "d") ou aux deux.
[IEV number 441-14-37]Тематики
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
- реле электрическое
Классификация
>>>EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > контакторное реле с выдержкой времени срабатывания
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124 торнадо
торнадо
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
tornado
A rapidly rotating column of air developed around a very intense low-pressure centre. It is associated with a dark funnel-shaped cloud and with extremely violent winds (>300km/h) blowing in a counterclockwise spiral, but accompanied by violent downdraughts. The precise mechanisms are not fully understood but the following atmospheric conditions appear to be necessary for tornado development: a layer of warm moist air at low altitude; a layer of dry air at higher altitude with an inversion of temperature at about 1.000 m; a triggering mechanism, usually in the form of an active, intense cold front or solar heating of the ground which will create a vortex. (Source: WHIT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > торнадо
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125 союзный
adj. adjoint, connected with, associated (with) -
126 вообще говоря
. в общем•Broadly speaking, any of the three designs might have been adapted to...
•These defects produce optical absorption bands in otherwise transparent crystal.
•Generally speaking (or In general), corrosion is slower in coarse-grained material.
•By and large all the divergence regions over the oceans are associated with high salinity.
•In general terms a metric theory of gravity is one in which gravitation can be treated as being synonymous with the curvature of space and time.
* * *Вообще говоряGenerally speaking, excellent agreement was obtained between the measured and computed pressure distributions at all span locations.Broadly speaking, the turbine design process consists of a cycle of preliminary aerodynamic and stress analyses followed by detailed and elaborate analyses.Thus, in broad terms, the single cylinder results provide an upper bound for the multicylinder results at lower Rayleigh numbers.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > вообще говоря
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127 в результате
•The hypothesis assumes that the genetic code was universal in (or as a) consequence of its being established in the ancestral stock.
•The internal energy increases as a result of the reaction.
•In this zone, mixing occurs as the result of convection.
•In response to the increase of pressure the emergency system went into action.
•The changes in band intensity associated with changes in pH...
•A hydrogen atom is first formed by collision.
•The work is done by virtue of the volume change.
•The first term is the energy contribution due to the translational motion of...
•The possible carbonium ions that can form the addition of...
•With the single-heterostructure laser some of the light is still lost owing to its penetration across...
•Contamination of condensate may occur leakage of...
•The pulse shapes were derived scanning different types of particles.
•This work has resulted in two waveguides.
•Bentonite shrinks upon drying.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в результате
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128 вообще говоря
. в общем•Broadly speaking, any of the three designs might have been adapted to...
•These defects produce optical absorption bands in otherwise transparent crystal.
•Generally speaking (or In general), corrosion is slower in coarse-grained material.
•By and large all the divergence regions over the oceans are associated with high salinity.
•In general terms a metric theory of gravity is one in which gravitation can be treated as being synonymous with the curvature of space and time.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > вообще говоря
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