-
61 EXCHANGE RATE
Валютный курс
Цена денежной единицы одной страны, выраженная в денежных единицах другой страны. В условиях системы фиксированных валютных курсов (см. Fixed exchange-rate system) установленный курс валют остается неизменным в течение продолжительного времени. Если, однако, этот курс перестает соответствовать основной конъюнктуре рынка и оказывается завышенным, что приводит к устойчивому дефициту платежного баланса страны, он может быть девальвирован (см. Devaluation). Аналогичным образом обстоит дело с ревальвацией курса при образовании профицита платежного баланса. Государственные власти, однако, зачастую не торопятся применять меры по изменению валютного курса, особенно в сторону снижения, и тогда искусственно поддерживаемый валютный курс перестает удовлетворять условиям рынка. В таких случаях начинается спекуляция валютой и возникает наплыв «горячих» денег (см. Hot money), что дестабилизирует валютные рынки. Со временем при отсутствии государственного вмешательства валютные курсы постепенно стабилизируются. В условиях системы плавающих валютных курсов (см. Floating exchange-rate system) курсы свободно меняются в зависимости от конъюнктуры рынка, что, согласно теории, способствует сохранению длительного равновесия платежных балансов. На практике, однако, факторы неопределенности и спекулятивные операции с валютой вызывают беспорядочные колебания курсов, что в свою очередь сдерживает торговлю и дестабилизирует экономическую ситуацию внутри страны. По этим причинам страны предпочитают «управлять» плавающими курсами валют. На валютных рынках дилеры обычно котируют две цены курс покупки и курс продажи (см. Bid price), разница между которыми (спрэд) является их прибылью. См. Foreign exchange markets, Spot market, Futures market, Exchange rate exposure, Balance of payments equilibrium.Новый англо-русский словарь-справочник. Экономика. > EXCHANGE RATE
-
62 settlement
n1) расчет; расплата; покрытие, погашение (долга)2) бирж. ликвидация сделки3) урегулирование, разрешение (спора)
- agreed settlement in court
- amicable settlement
- amicable settlement of a claim
- annual settlement
- cash settlement
- claim settlement
- clearing settlement
- consent settlement
- contract settlements
- currency settlements
- daily settlement
- end month settlement
- estate settlement
- exchange settlements
- final settlement
- fortnightly settlement
- full settlement
- interest settlement
- international settlements
- judicial settlement
- land settlement
- loss settlement
- lump-sum settlement
- mid-month settlement
- midyear settlement
- monthly settlement
- multilateral settlements
- mutual settlements
- negotiated settlement
- noncash settlement
- out-of-court settlement
- overall settlement
- partial settlement
- prompt settlement
- quarterly settlement
- rolling settlement
- same day settlement
- skip day settlement
- special settlement
- speedy settlement
- stock exchange settlement
- trade settlement
- transfer settlement
- wage settlement
- yearly settlement
- settlement at the end of month
- settlement for transactions
- settlement in cash
- settlement in foreign currency
- settlement in full
- settlement in national currency
- settlement in total
- settlement of accounts
- settlement of arrears
- settlement of average
- settlement of a balance
- settlement of a bill
- settlement of books
- settlement of a cheque
- settlement of a claim
- settlement of costs
- settlement of a debt
- settlement of debt obligations
- settlement of demurrage
- settlement of differences
- settlement of a dispute
- settlement of an invoice
- settlement of losses
- settlement of a note
- settlement of payments
- settlement of a problem
- settlement of proceedings
- settlements on a bilateral basis
- settlements on a multilateral basis
- settlement with creditors
- in settlement
- in final settlement
- in full settlement
- arrange settlement
- buy for the settlement
- effect settlement
- negotiate a settlement
- reach settlement
- sell for the settlementEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > settlement
-
63 settlement
1) расчет; расплата; покрытие, погашение (долга)2) бирж. ликвидация сделки3) урегулирование, разрешение (спора)• -
64 trade barrier
торговый барьер
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
trade barrier
An artificial restraint on the free exchange of goods and services between nations. The most common types of trade barriers are tariffs, quotas, and exchange control. Such obstacles to trade are usually imposed by a country that wishes to protect domestic products in their home market against foreign competition, better its terms of trade, reduce domestic unemployment, or improve its balance-of-payments position. The raising of trade barriers by one country often provokes other nations position. Generally, the effect of a trade barrier is to reduce the volume of trade while increasing the domestic price of the protected good. Thus, it results in a relatively inefficient allocation of world resources and reduces the level of total world income and production. (Source: GREENW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > trade barrier
См. также в других словарях:
balance of payments — noun a system of recording all of a country s economic transactions with the rest of the world over a period of one year (Freq. 1) a favorable balance of payments exists when more payments are coming in than going out • Syn: ↑balance of… … Useful english dictionary
Foreign-exchange reserves — Foreign exchange Exchange rates Currency band Exchange rate Exchange rate regime Exchange rate flexibility Dollarization Fixed exchange rate Floating exchange rate Linked exchange rate Managed float regime Markets Foreign exchange market Futures… … Wikipedia
Foreign exchange reserves — (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. However, the term in popular usage commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve positions.… … Wikipedia
Foreign direct investment — (FDI) or foreign investment refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.[1]. It is the sum of… … Wikipedia
balance of payments — noun singular the difference between the amount of money a country pays to foreign countries and the amount it receives from them … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Foreign Affiliate Trade Statistics — (FATS), also known as transnational corporation (TNC) data details the economic operations of foreign direct investment based enterprises. Collection of such information, and aggregation at the national level, can provide economists and… … Wikipedia
Foreign aid to Thailand — On July 31, 2003, Thailand repaid its outstanding obligations under a standby arrangement made with the International Monetary Fund designed to help it recover from the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The payment was made four years ahead of… … Wikipedia
Balance of payments — In economics, the balance of payments, (or BOP) measures the payments that flow between any individual country and all other countries. It is used to summarize all international economic transactions for that country during a specific time period … Wikipedia
Balance of trade — Cumulative Current Account Balance 1980–2008 based on the International Monetary Fund data … Wikipedia
Foreign trade of the Soviet Union — Soviet foreign trade played only a minor role in the Soviet economy. In 1985, for example, exports and imports each accounted for only 4 percent of the Soviet gross national product. The Soviet Union maintained this low level because it could… … Wikipedia
balance of payments — the difference between a nation s total payments to foreign countries, including movements of capital and gold, investments, tourist spending, etc., and its total receipts from foreign countries. [1835 45] * * * Systematic record of all economic… … Universalium