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1 дефолиация
дефолиация
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
defoliation
1) The drop of foliage from plants caused by herbicides such as Agent Orange, diuron, triazines, all of which interfere with photosynthesis. The use of defoliants, as in Vietnam or in jungle clearance for agriculture, can permanently destroy tropical forests. Once the tree cover is removed, the soil is subjected to erosion and precious nutrients are rapidly leached away.
2) Destroying (an area of jungle, forest, etc.) as by chemical sprays or incendiary bombs, in order to give enemy troops or guerilla forces no place of concealment.
(Source: PORT / WEBSTE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > дефолиация
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2 лиственное дерево
лиственное дерево
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
deciduous tree
Tree losing its leaves in autumn and growing new ones in the spring. (Source: CAMB)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > лиственное дерево
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3 широколиственное дерево
широколиственное дерево
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
broad-leaved tree
Deciduous tree which has wide leaves, as opposed to the needles on conifers. (Source: PHC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > широколиственное дерево
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4 вырубка и сжигание леса как метод увеличения сельскохозяйственных площадей
вырубка и сжигание леса как метод увеличения сельскохозяйственных площадей
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
slash and burn culture
A traditional farming system that has been used by generations of farmers in tropical forests and the savannah of north and east Africa. It is known to be an ecologically sound form of cultivation, and because the soil is poor in tropical rain forests it is a sustainable method of farming. It is still practised today, primarily in the developing countries. Small areas of bush or forests are cleared and the smaller trees burned. This unlocks the nutrients in the vegetation and gives the soil fertilizer that is easily taken up by plants. A few years later the soil is degraded and the farmer moves on to do the same at another site. The original ground is left fallow for anything up to 20 years so that the forest can regenerate. With the growth in population and in the subsequent need for more farming land to produce food, the method is increasingly being used today to clear large areas of tropical forests for cattle ranching, and in most cases the ground is not left fallow for long enough and, with modern mechanized farming systems, not enough tree stumps or suitable habitats for plant life are left to start the regeneration process. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > вырубка и сжигание леса как метод увеличения сельскохозяйственных площадей
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5 дерево
дерево
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
tree
Any large woody perennial plant with a distinct trunk giving rise to branches or leaves at some distance from the ground. (Source: CED)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > дерево
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6 дендрохронология
дендрохронология
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
dendrochronology
The science of dating the age of a tree by studying annual growth rings. It is also employed to interpret previous environments and climatic variations by examining certain kinds of trees. It is based on the theory that the width of the growth ring reflects the amount of rainfall and the temperature of the year in which it was formed. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > дендрохронология
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7 дуб
дуб
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
oak
Any tree of the genus Quercus in the order Fagales, characterized by simple, usually lobed leaves, scaly winter buds, a star-shaped pith, and its fruit, the acorn, which is a nut; the wood is tough, hard, and durable, generally having a distinct pattern. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > дуб
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8 комплексное производство древесины
комплексное производство древесины
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
timber producing chain
All interrelated steps of the lumber manufacturing process including tree felling, the removal of tops, branches and bark, the piling and sawing of logs, and the transportation and loading of finished boards or other products. (Source: TIM)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > комплексное производство древесины
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9 наследие растительного мира
наследие растительного мира
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
plant heritage
The sum of the earth's or a particular region's herb, vegetable, shrub and tree life viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially plant species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction. (Source: PPP / OED)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > наследие растительного мира
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10 дендрометрия
дендрометрия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
dendrometry
The measuring of the diameter of standing trees from the ground with a dendrometer that can also be used to measure tree heights. (Source: DUNSTE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > дендрометрия
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11 лишайник
лишайник
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
lichen
Composite organisms formed by the symbiosis between species of fungi and an algae. They are either crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks, stone walls, roofs or garden paths. Because they have no actual roots they get their sustenance from the atmosphere and rainwater. Lichens play an important role in the detection and monitoring of pollution, especially sulphur dioxide, as they are highly sensitive to pollution and different species disappear if pollution reaches specific levels. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > лишайник
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12 кустарник
кустарник
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
shrub
A woody perennial plant, smaller than a tree, with several major branches arising from near the base of the main stem. (Source: CED)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > кустарник
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13 резина
резина
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
rubber
A cream to dark brown elastic material obtained by coagulating and drying the latex from certain plants, especially the rubber tree. (Source: CED)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > резина
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14 каштан
каштан
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
chestnut
Any north temperate fagaceous tree of the genus Castanea, such as Castanea sativa, which produce flowers in long catkins and nuts in a prickly bur. (Source: CED)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > каштан
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