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1 authority
[ɔː'θɔrɪtɪ]n( power) władza f; ( expert) autorytet m; ( government body) administracja f; ( official permission) pozwolenie nt* * *[o:'Ɵorəti]plural - authorities; noun1) (the power or right to do something: He gave me authority to act on his behalf.) pełnomocnictwo, upoważnienie2) (a person who is an expert, or a book that can be referred to, on a particular subject: He is an authority on Roman history.) autorytet3) ((usually in plural) the person or people who have power in an administration etc: The authorities would not allow public meetings.) władze4) (a natural quality in a person which makes him able to control and influence people: a man of authority.) autorytet•- authoritative -
2 spell
[spɛl] 1. n(also: magic spell) zaklęcie nt, urok m; ( period) okres m2. vt; pt, pp spelt ( BRIT) or spelled( in writing) pisać (napisać perf); (also: spell out) literować (przeliterować perf); ( signify) danger etc oznaczaćto cast a spell on sb — rzucać (rzucić perf) na kogoś czar or urok
cold/hot spell — fala chłodów/upałów
how do you spell your name? — jak się pisze Pana/Pani nazwisko?
can you spell it for me? — czy może mi Pan/Pani to przeliterować?
* * *I [spel] past tense, past participle - spelt; verb1) (to name or give in order the letters of (a word): I asked him to spell his name for me.) literować2) ((of letters) to form (a word): C-a-t spells `cat'.) czytać się3) (to (be able to) spell words correctly: I can't spell!) pisać ortograficznie4) (to mean or amount to: This spells disaster.) oznaczać•- speller- spelling II [spel] noun1) (a set or words which, when spoken, is supposed to have magical power: The witch recited a spell and turned herself into a swan.) zaklęcie2) (a strong influence: He was completely under her spell.) urokIII [spel] noun1) (a turn (at work): Shortly afterwards I did another spell at the machine.) zmiana2) (a period of time during which something lasts: a spell of bad health.) okres3) (a short time: We stayed in the country for a spell and then came home.) chwila -
3 astrology
[əs'trɔlədʒɪ]n* * *[ə'strolə‹i](the study of the stars and their influence on people's lives: I don't have faith in astrology.) astrologia- astrological -
4 charm
[tʃɑːm] 1. n(appeal, spell) czar m, urok m; ( talisman) talizman m, amulet m; ( on bracelet etc) wisiorek m, breloczek m2. vt* * *1. noun1) ((a) pleasant quality or attraction: Her charm made up for her lack of beauty.) wdzięk2) (a magical spell: The witch recited a charm.) zaklęcie3) (something believed to have the power of magic or good luck: She wore a lucky charm.) maskotka4) (a small ornament that is worn on a chain or bracelet.)2. verb1) (to attract and delight: He can charm any woman.) oczarować, zaklinać2) (to influence by magic: He charmed the snake from its basket.) czarować, zaklinać•- charming- charmingly -
5 expand
[ɪks'pænd] 1. vtbusiness rozwijać (rozwinąć perf); area, staff powiększać (powiększyć perf); influence rozszerzać (rozszerzyć perf)2. vipopulation, business rozrastać się (rozrosnąć się perf); gas, metal roszerzać się (rozszerzyć się perf)to expand on — omawiać (omówić perf) szerzej +acc
* * *(to make or grow larger; to spread out wider: Metals expand when heated; He does exercises to expand his chest; The school's activities have been expanded to include climbing and mountaineering.) rozszerzać się, rozwijać- expanse- expansion -
6 govern
['gʌvən]vtrządzić +instr* * *1) (to rule: The queen governed (the country) wisely and well.) rządzić2) (to influence: Our policy is governed by three factors.) determinować -
7 hold
[həuld] 1. pt, pp held, vt( in hand) trzymać; ( contain) mieścić (pomieścić perf); qualifications posiadać; power, permit, opinion mieć; meeting, conversation odbywać (odbyć perf); prisoner, hostage przetrzymywać (przetrzymać perf)to hold sb responsible/liable — obarczać (obarczyć perf) kogoś odpowiedzialnością
to get hold of ( fig) — object, information zdobywać (zdobyć perf) +acc; person łapać (złapać perf) +acc (inf)
to get hold of o.s. — brać (wziąć perf) się w garść
to hold firm/fast — trzymać się mocno
he holds the view that … — jest zdania, że …
I don't hold with … — nie popieram +gen
hold still, hold steady — nie ruszaj się
Phrasal Verbs:- hold off- hold on- hold out- hold up2. viglue etc trzymać (mocno); argument etc zachowywać (zachować perf) ważność, pozostawać w mocy; offer, invitation być aktualnym; luck, weather utrzymywać się (utrzymać się perf); ( TEL) czekać (zaczekać perf)3. n( grasp) chwyt m; (of ship, plane) ładownia f* * *I 1. [həuld] past tense, past participle - held; verb1) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) trzymać2) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) trzymać3) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) trzymać, przytrzymywać4) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) wytrzymywać5) (to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power: The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder; He was held captive.) zatrzymać6) (to (be able to) contain: This jug holds two pints; You can't hold water in a handkerchief; This drawer holds all my shirts.) (po)mieścić7) (to cause to take place: The meeting will be held next week; We'll hold the meeting in the hall.) odbywać8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) trzymać się9) (to have or be in (a job etc): He held the position of company secretary for five years.) zajmować stanowisko10) (to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard: I hold that this was the right decision; He holds me (to be) responsible for everyone's mistakes; He is held in great respect; He holds certain very odd beliefs.) uważać że, utrzymywać, mieć11) (to continue to be valid or apply: Our offer will hold until next week; These rules hold under all circumstances.) być aktualnym, obowiązywać12) ((with to) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do: I intend to hold him to his promises.) zmusić do dotrzymania (obietnicy)13) (to defend: They held the castle against the enemy.) bronić14) (not to be beaten by: The general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long.) powstrzymać15) (to keep (a person's attention): If you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher.) utrzymywać16) (to keep someone in a certain state: Don't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision?) przetrzymać17) (to celebrate: The festival is held on 24 June.) obchodzić18) (to be the owner of: He holds shares in this company.) posiadać19) ((of good weather) to continue: I hope the weather holds until after the school sports.) utrzymywać się20) ((also hold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait: Mr Brown is busy at the moment - will you hold or would you like him to call you back?) czekać (przy telefonie)21) (to continue to sing: Please hold that note for four whole beats.) trzymać22) (to keep (something): They'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it.) przechowywać23) ((of the future) to be going to produce: I wonder what the future holds for me?) gotować2. noun1) (the act of holding: He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled; Keep hold of that rope.) chwyt2) (power; influence: He has a strange hold over that girl.) wpływ3) ((in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent: The wrestler invented a new hold.) chwyt•- - holder- hold-all
- get hold of
- hold back
- hold down
- hold forth
- hold good
- hold it
- hold off
- hold on
- hold out
- hold one's own
- hold one's tongue
- hold up
- hold-up
- hold with II [həuld] noun((in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored.) ładownia -
8 manipulate
[mə'nɪpjuleɪt]vtmanipulować +instr* * *[mə'nipjuleit]1) (to handle especially skilfully: I watched him manipulating the controls of the aircraft.) zręcznie posługiwać się2) (to manage or influence cleverly (and dishonestly): A clever lawyer can manipulate a jury.) manipulować•- manipulator -
9 power
['pauə(r)]n( control) władza f; ( ability) ( of speech etc) zdolność f; ( legal right) uprawnienie nt; (of engine, electricity) moc f; ( strength) ( lit, fig) siła fshe did everything in her power to help — zrobiła wszystko, co było w jej mocy, by pomóc
the powers that be — ci na górze (inf)
to turn the power on — włączać (włączyć perf) zasilanie
* * *1) ((an) ability: A witch has magic power; A cat has the power of seeing in the dark; He no longer has the power to walk.) zdolność2) (strength, force or energy: muscle power; water-power; ( also adjective) a power tool (=a tool operated by electricity etc. not by hand).) siła3) (authority or control: political groups fighting for power; How much power does the Queen have?; I have him in my power at last) władza4) (a right belonging to eg a person in authority: The police have the power of arrest.) upoważnienie5) (a person with great authority or influence: He is quite a power in the town.) wpływowa osobistość6) (a strong and influential country: the Western powers.) mocarstwo7) (the result obtained by multiplying a number by itself a given number of times: 2 × 2 × 2 or 23 is the third power of 2, or 2 to the power of 3.) potęga•- powered- powerful
- powerfully
- powerfulness
- powerless
- powerlessness
- power cut
- failure
- power-driven
- power point
- power station
- be in power -
10 shape
[ʃeɪp]n abbr ( MIL)= Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe naczelne dowództwo sił alianckich w Europie podczas drugiej wojny światowej* * *[ʃeip] 1. noun1) (the external form or outline of anything: People are all (of) different shapes and sizes; The house is built in the shape of a letter L.) kształt2) (an indistinct form: I saw a large shape in front of me in the darkness.) kształt3) (condition or state: You're in better physical shape than I am.) kondycja, forma2. verb1) (to make into a certain shape, to form or model: She shaped the dough into three separate loaves.) formować2) (to influence the nature of strongly: This event shaped his whole life.) nadawać kształt3) ((sometimes with up) to develop: The team is shaping (up) well.) rozwijać się•- shaped- shapeless
- shapelessness
- shapely
- shapeliness
- in any shape or form
- in any shape
- out of shape
- take shape -
11 sway
[sweɪ] 1. vichwiać się (zachwiać się perf), kołysać się (zakołysać się perf)2. vtsterować +instr3. n* * *[swei] 1. verb1) (to (cause to) move from side to side or up and down with a swinging or rocking action: The branches swayed gently in the breeze.) kołysać się2) (to influence the opinion etc of: She's too easily swayed by her feelings.) wpływać na, powodować2. noun1) (the motion of swaying: the sway of the ship's deck.) kołysanie się, chwianie2) (power, rule or control: people under the sway of the dictator.) władza, wpływy
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