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1 Alfred
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2 Alfred
Proper name. Avoir le bonjour d'Alfred (iron.): To be left in the lurch (when someone else has scarpered). -
3 Alfred Hitchcock
m.Alfred Hitchcock, Alfred Joseph Hitchcock. -
4 Alfred Korzybski
m.Alfred Korzybski, Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski. -
5 Alfred Kroeber
m.Alfred Kroeber, Alfred Louis Kroeber. -
6 Alfred Nobel
m.Alfred Nobel, Alfred Bernhard Nobel. -
7 Alfred Tennyson
m.Alfred Tennyson, Alfred Lord Tennyson. -
8 Alfred Adler Institute for Individual Psychology
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Alfred Adler Institute for Individual Psychology
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9 Alfred Osborn Pope
Names and surnames: AOPУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Alfred Osborn Pope
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10 Alfred The Great
Names and surnames: ATG -
11 Alfred University
Abbreviation: AU -
12 Nobel, Alfred Bernhard
[br]b. 21 October 1833 Stockholm, Swedend. 10 December 1896 San Remo, Italy[br]Swedish industrialist, inventor of dynamite, founder of the Nobel Prizes.[br]Alfred's father, Immanuel Nobel, builder, industrialist and inventor, encouraged his sons to follow his example of inventiveness. Alfred's education was interrupted when the family moved to St Petersburg, but was continued privately and was followed by a period of travel. He thus acquired a good knowledge of chemistry and became an excellent linguist.During the Crimean War, Nobel worked for his father's firm in supplying war materials. The cancellation of agreements with the Russian Government at the end of the war bankrupted the firm, but Alfred and his brother Immanuel continued their interest in explosives, working on improved methods of making nitroglycerine. In 1863 Nobel patented his first major invention, a detonator that introduced the principle of detonation by shock, by using a small charge of nitroglycerine in a metal cap with detonating or fulminating mercury. Two years later Nobel set up the world's first nitroglycerine factory in an isolated area outside Stockholm. This led to several other plants and improved methods for making and handling the explosive. Yet Nobel remained aware of the dangers of liquid nitroglycerine, and after many experiments he was able in 1867 to take out a patent for dynamite, a safe, solid and pliable form of nitroglycerine, mixed with kieselguhr. At last, nitroglycerine, discovered by Sobrero in 1847, had been transformed into a useful explosive; Nobel began to promote a worldwide industry for its manufacture. Dynamite still had disadvantages, and Nobel continued his researches until, in 1875, he achieved blasting gelatin, a colloidal solution of nitrocellulose (gun cotton) in nitroglycerine. In many ways it proved to be the ideal explosive, more powerful than nitroglycerine alone, less sensitive to shock and resistant to moisture. It was variously called Nobel's Extra Dynamite, blasting gelatin and gelignite. It immediately went into production.Next, Nobel sought a smokeless powder for military purposes, and in 1887 he obtained a nearly smokeless blasting powder using nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose with 10 per cent camphor. Finally, a progressive, smokeless blasting powder was developed in 1896 at his San Remo laboratory.Nobel's interests went beyond explosives into other areas, such as electrochemistry, optics and biology; his patents amounted to 355 in various countries. However, it was the manufacture of explosives that made him a multimillionaire. At his death he left over £2 million, which he willed to funding awards "to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind".[br]Bibliography1875, On Modern Blasting Agents, Glasgow (his only book).Further ReadingH.Schuck et al., 1962, Nobel, the Man and His Prizes, Amsterdam.E.Bergengren, 1962, Alfred Nobel, the Man and His Work, London and New York (includes a supplement on the prizes and the Nobel institution).LRD -
13 Herbert, Sir Alfred Edward
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 5 September 1866 Leicester, Englandd. 26 May 1957 Kings Somborne, Hampshire, England[br]English mechanical engineer and machine-tool manufacturer.[br]Alfred Herbert was educated at Stoneygate School, Leicester, and served an apprenticeship with Joseph Jessop \& Sons, also of Leicester, from 1881 to 1886. In 1887 he was engaged as Manager of a small engineering firm in Coventry, and before the end of that year he purchased the business in partnership with William Hubbard. They commenced the manufacture of machine-tools especially for the cycle industry. Hubbard withdrew from the partnership in 1890 and Herbert continued on his own account, the firm being established as a limited liability company, Alfred Herbert Ltd, in 1894. A steady expansion of the business continued, especially after the introduction of their capstan lathe, and by 1914 it was the largest manufacturer of machine-tools in Britain. In addition to making machine-tools of all types for the home and export market, the firm acted as an agent for the import of specialist machine-tools from abroad. During the First World War Alfred Herbert was in 1915 appointed head of machine-tool production at the War Office and when the Ministry of Munitions was set up he was transferred to that Ministry as Controller of Machine Tools. He was President of the Machine Tools Trades Association from 1919 to 1934. He was elected a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1892 and in 1921 was a founder member of the Institution of Production Engineers. Almost to the end of his long life he continued to take an active part in the direction of his company. He expressed his views on current events affecting industry in the technical press and in his firm's house journal.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKBE 1917. Officier de la Légion d'honneur 1917. Order of St Stanislas of Russia 1918. Order of Leopold of Belgium 1918. Freeman of the City of Coventry 1933. President, Institution of Production Engineers 1927–9. Honorary Member, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1941.Bibliography1948, Shots at the Truth, Coventry (a selection of his speeches and writings).Further ReadingD.J.Jeremy (ed.), 1984–6, Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. 3, London, pp. 174–7 (a useful account).Obituary, 1957, Engineering, 183:680.RTSBiographical history of technology > Herbert, Sir Alfred Edward
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14 Ewing, Sir James Alfred
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 27 March 1855 Dundee, Scotlandd. 1935[br]Scottish engineer and educator.[br]Sir Alfred Ewing was one of the leading engineering academics of his generation. He was the son of a minister in the Free Church of Scotland, and was educated at Dundee High School and Edinburgh University, where he studied engineering under Professor Fleeming Jenkin. On Jenkin's nomination, Ewing was recruited as Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Tokyo, where he spent five years from 1878 to 1883. While in Tokyo, he devised an instrument for measuring and recording earthquakes. Ewing returned to his home town of Dundee in 1883, as the first Professor of Engineering at the University College recently established there. After seven years building up the department in Dundee, he moved to Cambridge where he succeeded James Stuart as Professor of Mechanism and Applied Mechanics. In thirteen creative years at Cambridge, he established the Engineering Tripos (1892) and founded the first engineering laboratories at the University (1894). From 1903 to 1917 Ewing served the Admiralty as Director of Naval Education, in which role he took a leading part in the revolution in British naval traditions which equipped the Royal Navy to fight the First World War. In that war, Ewing made an important contribution to the intelligence operation of deciphering enemy wireless messages. In 1916 he returned to Edinburgh as Principal and Vice-Chancellor, and following the war he presided over a period of rapid expansion at the University. He retired in 1929.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1887. KCB 1911. President, British Association for the Advancement of Science 1932.BibliographyHe wrote extensively on technical subjects, and his works included Thermodynamics for Engineers (1920). His many essays and papers on more general subjects are elegantly and attractively written.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography Supplement.A.W.Ewing, 1939, Life of Sir Alfred Ewing (biography by his son).ABBiographical history of technology > Ewing, Sir James Alfred
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15 Yarrow, Sir Alfred Fernandez
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 13 January 1842 London, Englandd. 24 January 1932 London, England[br]English shipbuilder, naval architect, engineer and philanthropist.[br]At the conclusion of his schooling in the South of England, Yarrow became an indentured apprentice to the Thames engine-builder Ravenhill. During this five-year period various incidents and meetings sharpened his interest in scientific matters and he showed the skills that in later years were to be so beneficial to shipbuilding. For two years he acted as London representative for Ravenhill before joining up with a Mr Hedley to form a shipyard on the Isle of Dogs. The company lasted from 1868 until 1875 and in that period produced 350 small launches and other craft. This massive output enabled Yarrow to gain confidence in many aspects of ship design. Within two years of setting out on his own he built his first ship for the Royal Navy: a torpedo boat, then at the cutting edge of technology.In the early 1890s the company was building watertube boilers and producing destroyers with speeds in excess of 27 knots (50 km/h); it built the Russian destroyer Sokol, did pioneering work with aluminium and with high-tensile steels and worked on shipboard equipment to nullify vibrational effects. With the closure of most of the Thames shipyards and the run-down in skilled labour, Yarrow decided that the shipyard must move to some other part of the United Kingdom. After careful deliberation a green field site to the west of Glasgow was chosen, and in 1908 their first Clyde-built destroyer was launched. The company expanded, more building berths were arranged, boiler construction was developed and over the years they became recognized as specialists in smaller highspeed craft and in "knock down" ships for other parts of the world.Yarrow retired in 1913, but at the commencement of the First World War he returned to help the yard produce, in four years, twenty-nine destroyers with speeds of up to 40 knots (74 km/h). At the end of hostilities he gave of his time and money to many charities, including those for ex-servicemen. He left a remarkable industrial organization which remains to this day the most prolific builder of surface craft for the Royal Navy.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCreated Baronet 1916. FRS 1922. Vice-President, Institution of Naval Architects 1896.Further ReadingLady Yarrow, 1924, Alfred Yarrow, His Life and Work, London: Edward Arnold. A.Borthwick, 1965, Yarrow and Company Limited, The First Hundred Years 1865–1965, Glasgow.B.Baxter, 1986, "Alfred Fernandez Yarrow", Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography, Vol. I, pp. 245–7, Slaven \& Checkland and Aberdeen University Press.FMWBiographical history of technology > Yarrow, Sir Alfred Fernandez
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16 Krupp, Alfred
[br]b. 26 April 1812 Essen, Germanyd. 14 July 1887 Bredeney, near Essen, Germany[br]German manufacturer of steel and armaments.[br]Krupp's father founded a small cast-steel works at Essen, but at his early death in 1826 the firm was left practically insolvent to his sons. Alfred's formal education ended at that point and he entered the ailing firm. The expansion of trade brought about by the Zollverein, or customs union, enabled him to increase output, and by 1843 he had 100 workers under him, making steel springs and machine parts. Five years later he was able to buy out his co-heirs, and in 1849 he secured his first major railway contract. The quality of his product was usefully advertised by displaying a flawless 2-ton steel ingot at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Krupp was then specializing in the manufacture of steel parts for railways and steamships, notably a weldless steel tire for locomotives, from which was derived the three-ring emblem of the Krupp concern. Krupp made a few cannon from 1847 but sold his first to the Khedive of Egypt in 1857. Two years later he won a major order of 312 cannon from the Prussian Government. With the development of this side of the business, he became the largest steel producer in Europe. In 1862 he adopted the Bessemer steelmaking process. The quality and design of his cannon were major factors in the victory of the Prussian artillery bombardment at Sedan in the Franco- Prussian War of 1870. Krupp expanded further during the boom years of the early 1870s and he was able to gain control of German coal and Spanish iron-ore supplies. He went on to manufacture heavy artillery, with a celebrated testing ground at Osnabrück. By this time he had a workforce of 21,000, whom he ruled with benevolent but strict control. His will instructed that the firm should not be divided.[br]Further ReadingP.Batty, 1966, The House of Krupp (includes a bibliography). G.von Klass, 1954, Krupp: The Story of an Industrial Empire.LRD -
17 FM-90.7, Alfred State College, Alfred, New York
Radio: WETDУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > FM-90.7, Alfred State College, Alfred, New York
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18 Bill Coleman, Ed Scott, and Alfred Chuang
Trademark term: BEAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Bill Coleman, Ed Scott, and Alfred Chuang
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19 Royal Prince Alfred
Names and surnames: RPAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Royal Prince Alfred
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20 Chandler, Alfred D.
(b. 1918) Gen MgtU.S. academic. Pioneer of business history who established a framework and rationale for the subject and suggested that the main function of an organization is to implement strategy. In Strategy and Structure (1962), he argued that the optimum use of resources stemmed not merely from the way they were organized but, more importantly, from the organization’s strategic goals. He concluded that organizational structures are driven by the changing demands and pressures of the marketplace, and that market-driven organizations favor a loosely coupled divisional structure.
См. также в других словарях:
Alfred — may refer to:In places: *Alfred, Maine *Alfred (village), New York *Alfred (town), New York *Alfred, Ontario *Lake Alfred, FloridaIn fiction: *Alfred, a penguin character in the French comic strip Zig et Puce * Alfred J. Kwak , A Dutch animated… … Wikipedia
Alfred — ist die Bezeichnung für: ALFRED (Datenbank): eine Allelfrequenz Datenbank Alfred (Name): ein männlicher Vorname Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten: Alfred (Maine) Alfred (Michigan) Alfred Mills (Maine) Alfred (New York) Alfred (North Dakota) Alfred… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Alfred — hace referencia a: Alfred Binet, psicólogo y pedagogo francés. Alfred Dreyfus, militar francés célebre por el Caso Dreyfus. Alfred Fried, periodista y pacifista austríaco, premio Nobel de la Paz en 1911. Alfred el Grande, rey de Wessex. Alfred… … Wikipedia Español
Alfred Au — Alfred Au Spielerinformationen Voller Name Alfred Au Geburtstag 14. Dezember 1898 Geburtsort Mannheim, Deutschland Sterbedatum 27. Oktober … Deutsch Wikipedia
Alfred — Alfred, NY U.S. village in New York Population (2000): 3954 Housing Units (2000): 576 Land area (2000): 1.179417 sq. miles (3.054677 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.179417 sq. miles (3.054677… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Alfred, TX — Alfred South La Paloma, TX U.S. Census Designated Place in Texas Population (2000): 451 Housing Units (2000): 187 Land area (2000): 4.459830 sq. miles (11.550905 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.011468 sq. miles (0.029701 sq. km) Total area (2000): 4 … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Alfred, NY — U.S. village in New York Population (2000): 3954 Housing Units (2000): 576 Land area (2000): 1.179417 sq. miles (3.054677 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.179417 sq. miles (3.054677 sq. km) FIPS … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Alfred — (Alfrid, Alfred), englischer männlicher Name, bedeutet der erhabene Beschützer. I. Angelsächsische Königein Britannien: 1) A. der Bastard, natürlicher Sohn Oswius, Königs von Northumberland, wurde nach dem Tode seines Bruders Egfrid 685 König von … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Alfred — (angelsächs. Aelfred). 1) A. der Große, König von England, jüngster Sohn König Ethelwulfs, geb. 849, gest. 28. Okt. 901, ward als fünfjähriger Knabe vom Papst Leo IV. in Rom zum König gesalbt. Zwei Jahre später besuchte er mit seinem Vater Rom… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Alfred [2] — Alfred, Herzog von Sachsen Coburg Gotha, geb. 6. Aug. 1844 als 2. Sohn der Königin Viktoria von England, 1866 zum Herzog von Edinburgh erhoben, avancierte bis 1886 zum Admiral, folgte 22. Aug. 1893 seinem Oheim Herzog Ernst II. von S. Coburg… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Alfred — m English: from Old English, composed of the elements ælf elf, supernatural being + ræd counsel. It was a relatively common name before the Norman Conquest of Britain, being borne most notably by Alfred the Great (849–99), King of Wessex. After… … First names dictionary
