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1 адаптивный механизм
Русско-английский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию > адаптивный механизм
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2 адаптивный механизм
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > адаптивный механизм
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3 адаптивный механизм
Information technology: adaptive mechanismУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > адаптивный механизм
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4 приспособительный механизм
Information technology: adaptive mechanismУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > приспособительный механизм
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5 cambio1
1 = adaptive response, alteration, change, editing, modulation, move, recasting, redesign, rotation, shift, transfer, transformation, changeover [change-over], disturbance, mutation, permeability, reformation, switchover, reverse, shift away from, shifting, changing of the guard, swing, bartering, switch, switching, change.Ex. It is too early to assess the success of the adaptive responses which have been instituted in most SLIS.Ex. A musical adaptation is a musical work that represents a distinct alteration of another work (e.g. a free transcription), a work that paraphrases parts of various works or the general style of another composer, or a work that is merely based on other music (e.g. variations on a them).Ex. These changes have meant modifications, some very time-consuming, to serials catalogues in libraries.Ex. To ensure further that all the index entries generated by chain procedure are indeed helpful, the initial analysis of the chain may require editing.Ex. There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.Ex. Better flexibility is achieved if the heating, ventilation and lighting can accommodate this move without the need for any alterations.Ex. This kind of large-scale recasting offers an opportunity for the scheme to go forward rather than stagnate until it is completely taken by events.Ex. This action was the redesign of the enquiry form in order to elicit more information from the enquirer.Ex. The entries that result from the rotation mechanism have standard layout, punctuation and typography, all of which have been pre-programmed.Ex. Transitory circumstances of daily life are what cause these shifts.Ex. When the record transfer is complete, the catalog summary screen is shown for the new record so that the user can review and update it.Ex. Hungary faces far-reaching socio-economic transformation which will inevitably affect libraries as well.Ex. The changeover has resulted in more rapid machine-editing of input and reduced costs for cataloguing.Ex. A centralised system was chosen to ensure speedy receipt and dissemination with minimal disturbances.Ex. The very meanings of words like 'library' and 'university' are about to undergo mutations too radical to conceive, much less predict = Los significados mismos de palabras como "biblioteca" y "universidad" están a punto de experimentar cambios demasiado radicales de concevir y cuanto mucho menos de predecir.Ex. There is greater permeability than before between different types of library at the start of a career but, once settled in a post, fewer librarians than before change from one type of library to another.Ex. The author presents suggestions for the reformation of medical library education.Ex. The transition date for the switchover is 1 Oct 2000.Ex. Moreover, we conclude that the process of placing a feminist stamp on working relations is both far from complete and subject to reverses.Ex. This article discusses the effects of changes in the economy on the distribution of work in libraries which indicate a shift away from its female origins.Ex. This article considers the use of a spreadsheet in the shifting of periodicals collections in order to save time.Ex. The recent reorganization has resulted in a merger of the academic and public divisions and a changing of the guard among the company's top officials.Ex. The addition of new feedback techniques produced a significant swing in favour of the application.Ex. Holdings will become increasingly important as a bartering tool to gain additional access benefits.Ex. Office automation have brought about a switch to a paperless office.Ex. These 'spuriously loyal' customers are not willing to churn just because of switching costs.Ex. Most libraries maintain a small cash float for the giving of change and, in addition, money/ is received in payment of fines.----* a cambio = in return.* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.* a cambio de nada = for nothing.* aceptar el cambio = embrace + change.* aceptar un cambio = accommodate + change.* adaptarse al cambio = accommodate to + change, adapt to + change.* adaptarse a los cambios = flow with + the tides.* adoptar un cambio = adopt + change, accommodate + change.* agente de cambio = agent of(for) change, force for change, force of change.* agente del cambio = change agent.* aires de cambio = wind(s) of change, the, seas of change, the.* cambio a = flight to.* cambio brusco = revulsion, flip-flop.* cambio brusco de velocidad del viento = wind shear.* cambio climático = climate change, climatic change.* cambio cualitativo = step change, qualitative change.* cambio cuantitativo = quantitative change.* cambio cultural = cultural change.* cambio de actitud = change in attitude, change of heart.* cambio de aires = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene, greener pastures, pastures new.* cambio de ambiente = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.* cambio de aspecto = lick of paint.* cambio de ciudadanía = change of citizenship.* cambio de dirección = change of hands.* cambio de dueño = change of hands.* cambio de énfasis = shift of emphasis, shift in emphasis.* cambio de entorno = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.* cambio de hora estacional = daylight saving time.* cambio de idea = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de imagen = makeover [make-over], makeover [make-over].* cambio de instalación eléctrica = rewiring.* cambio de la guardia = changing of the guard.* cambio de look = lick of paint.* cambio de lugar = relocation.* cambio de manos = change of hands.* cambio de mirada = gaze-shift.* cambio demográfico = population trend.* cambio de nacionalidad = change of citizenship.* cambio de nombre = rebranding.* cambio de opinión = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de orientación = paradigm change, paradigm shift.* cambio de paradigma = paradigm change, paradigm shift.* cambio de parecer = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de procedimiento = procedural change.* cambio de propietario = change of hands.* cambio de proveedor = churn.* cambio de registro = code switching.* cambio de residencia = resettlement.* cambio de servicio = churn.* cambio de sexo = sex change.* cambio de título = title change.* cambio escénico = scene changing.* cambio estacional = seasonal change.* cambio hormonal = hormonal change.* cambio inesperado = twist.* cambio institucional = institutional change.* cambio metereológico = weather modification.* cambio + ocurrir = change + take place.* cambio + producirse = change + come about.* cambio profundo = profound change.* cambio radical = revulsion, sea change, radical change.* cambio radical de postura = about-face.* cambio revolucionario = revolutionary change.* cambios = second thoughts, ebb and flow.* cambio social = social change, societal change.* cambio + suceder = change + take place.* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.* cambio total = turnabout [turn-about], turnaround.* cambio transformador = transformative change, transforming change.* cambio traumático = traumatic change.* cambio vertiginoso = spiral of change.* clima de cambio = climate of change.* efectuar cambios = wreak + changes.* efectuar un cambio = effect + change.* elemento de cambio = agent of(for) change.* en cambio = by contrast, in contrast, instead, shifting, by comparison.* en constante cambio = ever-changing [ever changing], ever-fluid, on the move, fast changing [fast-changing], ever-shifting.* en continuo cambio = constantly shifting, ever-changing [ever changing], ever-shifting.* en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.* enfrentarse a los cambios = cope with + change.* en proceso de cambio = changing.* estado de cambio = state of flux.* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.* estar en proceso de cambio = be in flux.* estar sujeto a cambios = be written in sand, not stone, be subject to change.* experimentar un cambio = bring about + change, undergo + modification, undergo + change, undergo + transition.* experimentar un cambio + Adjetivo = take + a + Adjetivo + turn.* hacer cambios en la búsqueda = renegotiate + search.* hacer cambios indebidamente = tamper (with).* hacer el cambio = make + the change.* hacer frente al cambio = manage + change.* hacer frente a un cambio = meet + change.* hacer un cambio = make + change.* impulsor del cambio = driver of change.* introducir un cambio = bring + change.* libre cambio = laissez-faire.* línea internacional de cambio de fecha, la = International Date Line, the.* lograr un cambio = accomplish + change.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* momento clave del cambio = tipping point.* moneda de cambio = bargaining chip.* mostrar por medio de cambio de intensidad en el brillo = flash up.* motor del cambio = driver of change.* no hacer ningún cambio = stand + pat.* no sufrir cambios = remain + normal.* ocasionar un cambio = bring about + change, trigger + change.* operación de cambio de sexo = sex-change surgery, sex-change operation.* permanecer sin cambios = remain + unchanged.* proceso de cambio = process of change.* producir un cambio = effect + change, produce + change, trigger + change.* provocar cambios = wreak + changes.* provocar un cambio = bring about + change.* reacio al cambio = resistant to change.* realizar un cambio = make + alteration, implement + change.* repercusiones del cambio = impact of change.* resistente al cambio = resistant to change.* ritmo del cambio = rate of change, pace of change.* ser susceptible de cambios = be subject to change.* sin cambio = inviolate.* sin cambios = monotone, stable, undisturbed, unchanged, unmodified, unaltered, unedited.* subsidio para cambio de residencia = resettlement allowance.* suceder un cambio = occur + change.* sucesión de cambios bruscos = roller coaster ride, roller coaster.* sufrir un cambio = experience + change, undergo + change.* suponer un cambio = bring about + change.* trabajar a cambio de nada = work for + nothing. -
6 cambio
m.1 change.se ha producido un cambio de situación the situation has changed, there has been a change in the situationa las primeras de cambio at the first opportunitycambio de domicilio change of addresscambio horario = putting clocks back or forward one hour (bianual)cambio de gobierno change of governmentcambio de sentido U-turn2 exchange (intercambio).a cambio (de) in exchange o return (for)no pido nada a cambio I'm not asking for anything back o in return3 change (monedas).nos hemos quedado sin cambio(s) we're out of change¿tiene cambio de cinco mil? have you got change of o for five thousand?quédese con el cambio keep the change4 price (finance) (de acciones).5 substitution, change (sport) (sustitución).hacer un cambio to make a substitution o changepres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: cambiar.* * *1 change, changing2 (intercambio) exchange, exchanging3 (dinero suelto) change, loose change; (vuelta) change■ ¿me puedes dar cambio de cien euros? can you change a hundred euros?4 (acciones) price, quotation; (divisas) exchange rate5 (tren) switch6 AUTOMÓVIL gear change\a cambio de in exchange fora las primeras de cambio figurado at the first opportunityen cambio on the other hand, but, whereas■ tú no puedes cantar, en cambio él sí you can't sing, but he cancaja de cambio AUTOMÓVIL gearboxcambio automático AUTOMÓVIL automatic transmissioncambio de la guardia changing of the guardcambio de planes change of planscasa de cambio bureau de changelibre cambio free trade* * *noun m.1) change2) alteration3) exchange, swap•- a cambio- en cambio* * *SM1) (=variación) changeel entrenador ha hecho ya tres cambios en lo que va de partido — the coach has already made three substitutions o changes so far in the match
estamos en la época de cambio entre el otoño y el invierno — we are in the changeover period between autumn and winter
•
siempre nos veíamos durante el cambio de clase — we always used to meet in the break between classes•
un cambio para mejor/peor — a change for the better/worsecambio de agujas — (Ferro) points junction, switch junction (EEUU)
cambio de gobierno — [completo] change of government; [parcial] reshuffle
cambio de línea — (Inform) line feed
cambio de marchas — (=acción) gear change; (=mecanismo) gear stick, gearshift (EEUU)
cambio de opinión — change of opinion, turn in opinion
cambio de página — (Inform) form feed
cambio de rasante, prohibido adelantar en un cambio de rasante — no overtaking on the brow of a hill
cambio de tercio — (Taur) change of stage ( in a bullfight)
cambio de velocidades — = cambio de marchas
cambio de vía — (Ferro) points pl, switches pl (EEUU)
hacer el cambio de vía — to go through the points o switches
2) (=intercambio) exchange, swap *hicimos un cambio de coche — we exchanged cars, we swapped cars *
3) (Econ)a) (=dinero suelto) change¿tienes cambio de 50 euros? — do you have change for 50 euros?, can you change 50 euros?
b) [de moneda extranjera] (=tipo) exchange rateCambio — Bureau de Change, Change
4)• a cambio — in return, in exchange
"admitimos su coche usado a cambio" — "cars taken in part exchange", "trade-ins accepted"
•
a cambio de — in return for, in exchange forreclamaba dinero a cambio de su silencio — he demanded money in return o exchange for keeping quiet (about it)
5)• en cambio — whereas
yo nunca llego a tiempo, en cambio ella es muy puntual — I never arrive on time, whereas she is very punctual
¿pero qué ha sucedido en cambio? — but instead, what has happened?
* * *1)a) (alteración, modificación) changecambio de algo — <de planes/domicilio> change of something
un cambio de aires or ambiente — a change of scene
a la primera de cambio — (fam) at the first opportunity
b) (Auto) gearshift (AmE), gear change (BrE)meta el cambio — (AmL) put it in gear
un coche con cinco cambios — (AmL) a car with a five-speed gearbox
2)a) ( canje) exchangeb) (en locs)a cambio (de) — in exchange (for), in return (for)
en cambio: a él le gusta a mí en cambio no he likes it but I don't; el autobús es agotador, en cambio el tren es muy agradable — the bus is exhausting; the train however o on the other hand is very pleasant
3)a) (Fin) ( de moneda extranjera) exchange¿a cómo está el cambio? — what's the exchange rate?
cambio — bureau de change, change
al cambio del día — at the current exchange rate; libre I 1)
b) ( diferencia) changec) ( dinero suelto) change¿tienes cambio de mil? — can you change a thousand pesetas?
* * *1)a) (alteración, modificación) changecambio de algo — <de planes/domicilio> change of something
un cambio de aires or ambiente — a change of scene
a la primera de cambio — (fam) at the first opportunity
b) (Auto) gearshift (AmE), gear change (BrE)meta el cambio — (AmL) put it in gear
un coche con cinco cambios — (AmL) a car with a five-speed gearbox
2)a) ( canje) exchangeb) (en locs)a cambio (de) — in exchange (for), in return (for)
en cambio: a él le gusta a mí en cambio no he likes it but I don't; el autobús es agotador, en cambio el tren es muy agradable — the bus is exhausting; the train however o on the other hand is very pleasant
3)a) (Fin) ( de moneda extranjera) exchange¿a cómo está el cambio? — what's the exchange rate?
cambio — bureau de change, change
al cambio del día — at the current exchange rate; libre I 1)
b) ( diferencia) changec) ( dinero suelto) change¿tienes cambio de mil? — can you change a thousand pesetas?
* * *cambio11 = adaptive response, alteration, change, editing, modulation, move, recasting, redesign, rotation, shift, transfer, transformation, changeover [change-over], disturbance, mutation, permeability, reformation, switchover, reverse, shift away from, shifting, changing of the guard, swing, bartering, switch, switching, change.Ex: It is too early to assess the success of the adaptive responses which have been instituted in most SLIS.
Ex: A musical adaptation is a musical work that represents a distinct alteration of another work (e.g. a free transcription), a work that paraphrases parts of various works or the general style of another composer, or a work that is merely based on other music (e.g. variations on a them).Ex: These changes have meant modifications, some very time-consuming, to serials catalogues in libraries.Ex: To ensure further that all the index entries generated by chain procedure are indeed helpful, the initial analysis of the chain may require editing.Ex: There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.Ex: Better flexibility is achieved if the heating, ventilation and lighting can accommodate this move without the need for any alterations.Ex: This kind of large-scale recasting offers an opportunity for the scheme to go forward rather than stagnate until it is completely taken by events.Ex: This action was the redesign of the enquiry form in order to elicit more information from the enquirer.Ex: The entries that result from the rotation mechanism have standard layout, punctuation and typography, all of which have been pre-programmed.Ex: Transitory circumstances of daily life are what cause these shifts.Ex: When the record transfer is complete, the catalog summary screen is shown for the new record so that the user can review and update it.Ex: Hungary faces far-reaching socio-economic transformation which will inevitably affect libraries as well.Ex: The changeover has resulted in more rapid machine-editing of input and reduced costs for cataloguing.Ex: A centralised system was chosen to ensure speedy receipt and dissemination with minimal disturbances.Ex: The very meanings of words like 'library' and 'university' are about to undergo mutations too radical to conceive, much less predict = Los significados mismos de palabras como "biblioteca" y "universidad" están a punto de experimentar cambios demasiado radicales de concevir y cuanto mucho menos de predecir.Ex: There is greater permeability than before between different types of library at the start of a career but, once settled in a post, fewer librarians than before change from one type of library to another.Ex: The author presents suggestions for the reformation of medical library education.Ex: The transition date for the switchover is 1 Oct 2000.Ex: Moreover, we conclude that the process of placing a feminist stamp on working relations is both far from complete and subject to reverses.Ex: This article discusses the effects of changes in the economy on the distribution of work in libraries which indicate a shift away from its female origins.Ex: This article considers the use of a spreadsheet in the shifting of periodicals collections in order to save time.Ex: The recent reorganization has resulted in a merger of the academic and public divisions and a changing of the guard among the company's top officials.Ex: The addition of new feedback techniques produced a significant swing in favour of the application.Ex: Holdings will become increasingly important as a bartering tool to gain additional access benefits.Ex: Office automation have brought about a switch to a paperless office.Ex: These 'spuriously loyal' customers are not willing to churn just because of switching costs.Ex: Most libraries maintain a small cash float for the giving of change and, in addition, money/ is received in payment of fines.* a cambio = in return.* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.* a cambio de nada = for nothing.* aceptar el cambio = embrace + change.* aceptar un cambio = accommodate + change.* adaptarse al cambio = accommodate to + change, adapt to + change.* adaptarse a los cambios = flow with + the tides.* adoptar un cambio = adopt + change, accommodate + change.* agente de cambio = agent of(for) change, force for change, force of change.* agente del cambio = change agent.* aires de cambio = wind(s) of change, the, seas of change, the.* cambio a = flight to.* cambio brusco = revulsion, flip-flop.* cambio brusco de velocidad del viento = wind shear.* cambio climático = climate change, climatic change.* cambio cualitativo = step change, qualitative change.* cambio cuantitativo = quantitative change.* cambio cultural = cultural change.* cambio de actitud = change in attitude, change of heart.* cambio de aires = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene, greener pastures, pastures new.* cambio de ambiente = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.* cambio de aspecto = lick of paint.* cambio de ciudadanía = change of citizenship.* cambio de dirección = change of hands.* cambio de dueño = change of hands.* cambio de énfasis = shift of emphasis, shift in emphasis.* cambio de entorno = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.* cambio de hora estacional = daylight saving time.* cambio de idea = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de imagen = makeover [make-over], makeover [make-over].* cambio de instalación eléctrica = rewiring.* cambio de la guardia = changing of the guard.* cambio de look = lick of paint.* cambio de lugar = relocation.* cambio de manos = change of hands.* cambio de mirada = gaze-shift.* cambio demográfico = population trend.* cambio de nacionalidad = change of citizenship.* cambio de nombre = rebranding.* cambio de opinión = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de orientación = paradigm change, paradigm shift.* cambio de paradigma = paradigm change, paradigm shift.* cambio de parecer = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de procedimiento = procedural change.* cambio de propietario = change of hands.* cambio de proveedor = churn.* cambio de registro = code switching.* cambio de residencia = resettlement.* cambio de servicio = churn.* cambio de sexo = sex change.* cambio de título = title change.* cambio escénico = scene changing.* cambio estacional = seasonal change.* cambio hormonal = hormonal change.* cambio inesperado = twist.* cambio institucional = institutional change.* cambio metereológico = weather modification.* cambio + ocurrir = change + take place.* cambio + producirse = change + come about.* cambio profundo = profound change.* cambio radical = revulsion, sea change, radical change.* cambio radical de postura = about-face.* cambio revolucionario = revolutionary change.* cambios = second thoughts, ebb and flow.* cambio social = social change, societal change.* cambio + suceder = change + take place.* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.* cambio total = turnabout [turn-about], turnaround.* cambio transformador = transformative change, transforming change.* cambio traumático = traumatic change.* cambio vertiginoso = spiral of change.* clima de cambio = climate of change.* efectuar cambios = wreak + changes.* efectuar un cambio = effect + change.* elemento de cambio = agent of(for) change.* en cambio = by contrast, in contrast, instead, shifting, by comparison.* en constante cambio = ever-changing [ever changing], ever-fluid, on the move, fast changing [fast-changing], ever-shifting.* en continuo cambio = constantly shifting, ever-changing [ever changing], ever-shifting.* en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.* enfrentarse a los cambios = cope with + change.* en proceso de cambio = changing.* estado de cambio = state of flux.* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.* estar en proceso de cambio = be in flux.* estar sujeto a cambios = be written in sand, not stone, be subject to change.* experimentar un cambio = bring about + change, undergo + modification, undergo + change, undergo + transition.* experimentar un cambio + Adjetivo = take + a + Adjetivo + turn.* hacer cambios en la búsqueda = renegotiate + search.* hacer cambios indebidamente = tamper (with).* hacer el cambio = make + the change.* hacer frente al cambio = manage + change.* hacer frente a un cambio = meet + change.* hacer un cambio = make + change.* impulsor del cambio = driver of change.* introducir un cambio = bring + change.* libre cambio = laissez-faire.* línea internacional de cambio de fecha, la = International Date Line, the.* lograr un cambio = accomplish + change.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* momento clave del cambio = tipping point.* moneda de cambio = bargaining chip.* mostrar por medio de cambio de intensidad en el brillo = flash up.* motor del cambio = driver of change.* no hacer ningún cambio = stand + pat.* no sufrir cambios = remain + normal.* ocasionar un cambio = bring about + change, trigger + change.* operación de cambio de sexo = sex-change surgery, sex-change operation.* permanecer sin cambios = remain + unchanged.* proceso de cambio = process of change.* producir un cambio = effect + change, produce + change, trigger + change.* provocar cambios = wreak + changes.* provocar un cambio = bring about + change.* reacio al cambio = resistant to change.* realizar un cambio = make + alteration, implement + change.* repercusiones del cambio = impact of change.* resistente al cambio = resistant to change.* ritmo del cambio = rate of change, pace of change.* ser susceptible de cambios = be subject to change.* sin cambio = inviolate.* sin cambios = monotone, stable, undisturbed, unchanged, unmodified, unaltered, unedited.* subsidio para cambio de residencia = resettlement allowance.* suceder un cambio = occur + change.* sucesión de cambios bruscos = roller coaster ride, roller coaster.* sufrir un cambio = experience + change, undergo + change.* suponer un cambio = bring about + change.* trabajar a cambio de nada = work for + nothing.cambio22 = loose change.Ex: Forget climate change, voters want more loose change.
* bolsa de cambio = stock exchange.* cambio de divisas = currency rate, currency exchange.* cambio de moneda = exchange rate, foreign exchange, currency exchange rate, market rate of exchange, foreign exchange rate, currency rate, rate of exchange, currency exchange.* letra de cambio = bill of exchange.* oficina de cambio = exchange office, currency exchange bureau, exchange bureau.* tipo de cambio = exchange rate, rate of exchange.* variación de los tipos de cambio = exchange rate change.cambio33 = gear, derailleur.Nota: De bicicleta.Ex: Their products were charming and much less expensive than American clockwork toys because they used tinplate gears rather than brass.
Ex: There is a front and a rear derailleur on most modern bikes.* palanca de cambio = shifter.* * *A1 (alteración, modificación) changeel cambio que ha tenido lugar en él the change he has undergonecambio DE algo:un brusco cambio de temperatura a sudden change in temperaturelo que tú necesitas es un cambio de aires or ambiente what you need is a change of sceneha habido un cambio de planes there's been a change of planuna operación de cambio de sexo a sex-change operationcambio de uso del suelo change of land use ( in urban planning)hacer un cambio to change gearmeta el cambio ( AmL); put it in gearun coche con cinco cambios ( AmL); a car with a five-speed gearboxCompuestos:climate changechange of addressscene changechange of guard, changing of the guardaudiblebrow of a hillaudible( Auto) junctionB1 (canje) exchangecreo que has salido perdiendo con el cambio I think you've lost out in the deal[ S ] no se admiten cambios ni devoluciones goods cannot be exchanged or returned2 ( en locs):a cambio in exchange, in returna cambio de in exchange for, in return forestoy dispuesto a hacerlo a cambio de un pequeño favor I'm prepared to do it in exchange o in return for a small favordaría cualquier cosa a cambio de un poco de paz I'd do anything for a bit of peaceen cambio: a él le parece espléndido; a mí, en cambio, no me gusta he thinks it's wonderful, but personally I don't like itel viaje en autobús es agotador, en cambio irse en tren es muy agradable the bus journey is exhausting whereas o but if you go by train it's very pleasant, the bus journey is exhausting; if you go by train, however o on the other hand, it is very pleasantC1 ( Fin) (de moneda extranjera) exchangecambio de divisas foreign exchange¿a cómo está el cambio? what's the exchange rate?[ S ] cambio bureau de change, changeal cambio del día at the current exchange rate2 (diferencia) changequédese con el cambio keep the changeme ha dado mal el cambio he's given me the wrong change3 (dinero menudo) change¿tienes cambio de diez? can you change ten euros?necesito cambio para el teléfono I need some change for the telephoneCompuestos:daily exchange rate o rate of exchangeforeign exchange* * *
Del verbo cambiar: ( conjugate cambiar)
cambio es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
cambió es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
cambiar
cambio
cambiar ( conjugate cambiar) verbo transitivo
1
b) (de lugar, posición):
cambié las flores de florero I put the flowers in a different vase
cambiole el nombre a algo to change the name of sth
e) (Fin) to change;
cambié 100 libras a or (Esp) en dólares I changed 100 pounds into dollars
2 ( canjear) ‹sellos/estampas› to swap, to trade (esp AmE);
cambio algo por algo ‹sellos/estampas› to swap o (esp AmE) trade sth for sth;
‹ compra› to exchange o change sth for sth;◊ ¿quieres que te cambie el lugar? do you want me to swap o change places with you?
verbo intransitivo
le está cambiando la voz his voice is breakingb) (Auto) to change gear
◊ cambio de avión/tren to change planes/train
cambio de sentido to make (AmE) o (BrE) do a U-turn
cambiarse verbo pronominal
cambiose de algo ‹de camisa/zapatos› to change sth;
cambiose de casa to move house;
cámbiate de camisa change your shirtc) cambiose por algn to change places with sb
cambio sustantivo masculino
1
cambio de algo ‹de planes/domicilio› change of sth;
un cambio de aire(s) or ambiente a change of scene
cambio de sentido U-turn
2
( on signs) no se admiten cambios goods cannot be exchangedb) ( en locs)
en cambio: el viaje en autobús es agotador, en cambio en tren es muy agradable the bus journey is exhausting;
by train however o on the other hand is very pleasant
3
¿a cómo está el cambio? what's the exchange rate?;
( on signs) cambio bureau de change, change
cambiar
I verbo transitivo
1 to change
2 (cromos, etc) to swap, (en un comercio) exchange
3 (un tipo de moneda por otro) to change
II verbo intransitivo to change
cambiar de casa, to move (house)
cambiar de idea, to change one's mind
cambiar de sitio, to move
cambiar de trabajo, to get another job
cambiar de velocidad, to change gear
cambio sustantivo masculino
1 change
(de opinión) shift
un cambio de impresiones, an exchange of opinions
2 (del dinero) change: ¿tienes cambio de cinco mil?, have you got change for five thousand?
3 Fin (de la moneda extranjera) exchange
(de unas acciones) price
4 Auto gear change
cambio automático, automatic transmission
cambio de rasante, brow of a hill
♦ Locuciones: a cambio de, in exchange for
a las primeras de cambio, at the firsl opportunity
en cambio, on the other hand: él es muy engreído, en cambio ella es muy dulce, he's really conceited; on the other hand she is very sweet
' cambio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrupta
- abrupto
- aguantar
- aire
- alteración
- apreciarse
- benéfica
- benéfico
- biombo
- brutal
- desplazamiento
- experimentar
- girar
- imponerse
- inflexión
- letra
- oscilación
- por
- primera
- primero
- radical
- semblante
- sensible
- tipo
- vaivén
- viraje
- vuelta
- acelerar
- acentuado
- apreciable
- apresurar
- brusco
- cambiar
- cara
- cerrado
- efectuar
- feria
- guardia
- idea
- importante
- inevitable
- lado
- libre
- nuevo
- observar
- operar
- opinión
- producir
- quedar
- rápido
English:
abrupt
- adjustment
- alarmed
- alteration
- bare
- better
- change
- chapter
- conversely
- department
- displacement
- distinct
- draft
- dramatic
- dramatically
- drastic
- euro
- exchange
- exchange rate
- fall
- float
- gearshift
- gearstick
- instead
- intend
- into
- likely
- major
- make
- modification
- occur
- protection money
- rate
- refreshing
- refreshingly
- return
- reversal
- round
- sex change
- shift
- short-change
- slight
- small change
- subject
- substantial
- sudden
- swap for
- sweep
- sweeping
- swing
* * *♦ nm1. [alteración, modificación] change;vivimos una época de grandes cambios we live in times of great change;cambio de actitud change in attitude;cambio de gobierno change of government;cambio radical turnabout, turnround;cambio de tiempo change in the weather;ha ganado con el cambio de trabajo he has benefited from changing jobs;con el cambio de política hemos perdido todos we have all lost out as a result of the change in policy;se ha producido un cambio de situación the situation has changed, there has been a change in the situation;el cambio al sistema métrico ha sido muy sencillo the changeover to the metric system has been very straightforward;tu hijo ha pegado un cambio tremendo your son has really changed;a las primeras de cambio at the first opportunity;abandonó la carrera a las primeras de cambio she dropped out of the race almost as soon as it had started o shortly after it had started;cayeron eliminados a las primeras de cambio they fell at the first hurdlecambio climático climate change; Ling cambio de código code switching;cambio de domicilio change of address;cambio de escena Teatro scene change;Fig change of scene;cambio generacional: [m5] el partido necesita un cambio generacional urgente the party is in urgent need of a new generation of leaders;este joven pintor es un ejemplo del cambio generacional en marcha this young man is one of the new generation of painters who are coming to dominate the artistic scene;cambio de guardia [ceremonia] changing of the guard;cambio horario [bianual] = putting clocks back or forward one hour;cambio hormonal hormonal change;cambio de imagen image change;el cambio de milenio the end of the millennium;cambio de rasante brow of a hill;cambio de sentido U-turn;cambio de sexo sex change;Der cambio de tribunal change of venue; Ferroc cambio de vía Br points, US switch2. [reemplazo, trueque] exchange;durante las rebajas no se admiten cambios while the sales are on, goods may not be exchanged;a cambio (de) in exchange o return (for);no pido nada a cambio I'm not asking for anything back o in return;se admite su vieja lavadora a cambio we will take your old washing machine in part exchange;te dejo el coche a cambio de que lo laves I'll let you use my car if you wash it for meAut cambio de aceite oil change;cambio de impresiones exchange of views;Quím cambio iónico ion exchange;cambio de papeles role reversal3. [monedas, billetes] change;¿tiene cambio? have you got any change?;¿tiene cambio de 5.000? have you got change for o Br of 5,000?;nos hemos quedado sin cambio(s) we're out of change;quédese con el cambio keep the change;me ha dado el cambio incorrecto she gave me the wrong change[de divisas] exchange rate;ha bajado el cambio del peso the (exchange rate of the) peso has fallen;los valores eléctricos han mantenido el cambio share prices in the electricity companies have remained steady;¿a cuánto está el cambio de la libra? what's the exchange rate for the pound?cambio base base rate;cambio extranjero foreign exchange;cambio medio average exchange rate;cambio oficial official exchange ratecambio automático automatic transmission;cambio de marchas [acción] gear change;[palanca] Br gear stick, US gear shift;cambio sincronizado [en bicicleta] indexed gear;cambio de velocidades [acción] gear change;[palanca] Br gear stick, US gear shifthacer un cambio to make a substitution o change;el equipo visitante ha pedido (hacer un) cambio the away team want to make a substitution o change;el jugador lesionado pidió el cambio al entrenador the injured player signalled to the manager that he wanted to come off♦ interjRad¡cambio (y corto)! over!;¡cambio y cierro! over and out!♦ en cambio loc adv[por otra parte] on the other hand, however; [en su lugar] instead;ellos no pueden ayudarnos, en cambio tú sí they can't help us, but o whereas you can;éste me gusta, en cambio este otro es feo I like this one, but this other one is horrible* * *m1 change;cambio de domicilio change of address;cambio de aires change of scene;cambio de turno change of shift;cambio de aceite AUTO oil change;2 COM exchange rate;el cambio del día the day’s (exchange) rate;libre cambio COM free trade3 ( suelto):¿tiene cambio? do you have change?4:no se admiten cambios goods will not be exchanged5 en locuciones:a cambio de in exchange for;en cambio on the other hand* * *cambio nm1) : change, alteration2) : exchange3) : change (money)4)en cambio : instead5)en cambio : however, on the other hand* * *cambio n1. (en general) change¿tienes cambio? have you got any change?2. (divisas) exchange rate -
7 система
complex, chain, installation, method, repertoire вчт., repertory, structure, system* * *систе́ма ж.
systemдубли́ровать систе́му — duplicate a systemотла́живать систе́му — tune up a systemсисте́ма функциони́рует норма́льно киб. — the system is well-behavedавари́йная систе́ма ав. — emergency systemсисте́ма авари́йного покида́ния ( самолёта) — escape systemавтомати́ческая систе́ма — automatic systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования [САР] — automatic-control system of the regulator(y) typeсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования, де́йствующая по отклоне́нию — error-actuated control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования, за́мкнутая — closed-loop control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования, и́мпульсная — sampling control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования, многоё́мкостная — multicapacity control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования, многоко́нтурная — multiloop control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования, многоме́рная — multivariable control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования, програ́ммная — time-pattern control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования, разо́мкнутая — open-loop control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования следя́щего ти́па — servo-operation control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования со случа́йными возде́йствиями, и́мпульсная — random-input sampled-data systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого регули́рования со стабилиза́цией (проце́сса) — regulator-operation control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого управле́ния [САУ] — automatic-control systemсисте́ма автомати́ческого управле́ния, цифрова́я — digital control systemсисте́ма автоподстро́йки частоты́ [АПЧ] — AFC systemсисте́ма АПЧ захва́тывает частоту́ — the AFC system locks on to the (desired) frequencyсисте́ма АПЧ осуществля́ет по́иск частоты́ — the AFC system searches for the (desired) frequencyсисте́ма автоподстро́йки частоты́, фа́зовая [ФАПЧ] — phase-lock loop, PLLагрега́тная, унифици́рованная систе́ма ( советская система пневматических средств автоматики) — standard-module pneumatic instrumentation systemадапти́вная систе́ма — adaptive systemапериоди́ческая систе́ма — critically damped systemасинхро́нная систе́ма — asynchronous systemастати́ческая систе́ма — zero-constant-error systemастати́ческая систе́ма второ́го поря́дка — Type 2 [zero-velocity-error] systemастати́ческая систе́ма пе́рвого поря́дка — Type 1 [zero-position-error] systemсисте́ма без резерви́рования — non-redundant systemсисте́ма блокиро́вки ( радиационной установки) — interlock systemсисте́ма ва́ла ( в допусках и посадках) — the basic shaft systemвентиляцио́нная систе́ма — ventilation systemвентиляцио́нная, вытяжна́я систе́ма — exhaust ventilation systemвзаи́мные систе́мы — mutual systemsсисте́ма водоснабже́ния — water(-supply) systemсисте́ма водоснабже́ния, оборо́тная — circulating [closed-circuit] water systemсисте́ма водоснабже́ния, прямото́чная — once-through [run-of-river cooling] systemсисте́ма возду́шного отопле́ния — warm-air heating systemсисте́ма воспроизведе́ния ( записи) — reproduction systemсисте́ма впры́ска двс. — injection systemсисте́ма впры́ска, предка́мерная двс. — antechamber system of injectionсисте́ма впу́ска двс. — induction [intake] systemсисте́ма вы́борки вчт. — selection systemвытяжна́я систе́ма — exhaust systemвычисли́тельная систе́ма — computer [computing] systemвычисли́тельная, многома́шинная систе́ма — multicomputer systemсисте́ма генера́тор — дви́гатель — Ward-Leonard speed-control systemгибри́дная систе́ма — hybrid systemсисте́ма громкоговоря́щей свя́зи — public-address [personnel-address, PA] systemгрузова́я систе́ма мор. — cargo (handling) systemдвухкомпоне́нтная систе́ма хим. — two-component [binary] systemдвухни́точная систе́ма тепл. — two-flow systemдвухпроводна́я систе́ма эл. — two-wire systemдвухэлектро́дная систе́ма ( электроннооптического преобразователя) — self-focusing (diod) systemдиспе́рсная систе́ма — disperse systemдиссипати́вная систе́ма — dissipative systemсисте́ма дистанцио́нного управле́ния — remote control systemдиффере́нтная систе́ма мор. — trim systemдифференциа́льная систе́ма тлф. — hybrid setсисте́ма дождева́ния — sprinkling systemсисте́ма до́пусков — tolerance systemсисте́ма до́пусков, двусторо́нняя [симметри́чная], преде́льная — bilateral system of tolerancesсисте́ма до́пусков и поса́док — system [classification] of fits and tolerancesсисте́ма до́пусков, односторо́нняя [асимметри́чная], преде́льная — unilateral system of tolerancesсисте́ма дрена́жа ( топливных баков) ав. — vent systemсисте́ма едини́ц — system of unitsсисте́ма едини́ц, междунаро́дная [СИ] — international system of units, SIсисте́ма едини́ц МКГСС уст. — MKGSS [metre-kilogram(me)-force-second ] system (of units)систе́ма едини́ц МКС — MKS [metre-kilogram(me)-second ] system (of units)систе́ма едини́ц МКСА — MKSA [metre-kilogram(me)-mass-second-ampere ] system (of units), absolute practical system of unitsсисте́ма едини́ц МКСГ — MKSG [metre-kilogram(me)-force-second-kelvin ] system (of units)систе́ма едини́ц МСС — MSC [metre-second-candela] system (of units)систе́ма едини́ц МТС — MTS [metre-ton-second] system (of units)систе́мы едини́ц СГС — CGS [centimetre-gram(me)-second ] systems (of units)систе́ма едини́ц, техни́ческая — engineer's system of unitsже́зловая систе́ма ж.-д. — staff systemсисте́ма жизнеобеспе́чения косм. — life-support (and survival) systemсисте́ма жизнеобеспе́чения, автоно́мная — back-pack life-support systemсисте́ма зажига́ния — ignition systemсисте́ма зажига́ния, полупроводнико́вая — transistor(ized) ignition systemсисте́ма зажига́ния, электро́нная — electronic ignition systemсисте́ма заземле́ния — earth [ground] networkзамедля́ющая систе́ма — ( в электровакуумных устройствах СВЧ) slow-wave structure; ( волноводная) slow-wave guide; ( коаксиальная) wave delay lineзамедля́ющая, встре́чно-стержнева́я систе́ма — interdigital [interdigitated] slow-wave structureзамедля́ющая, гребе́нчатая систе́ма — vane-line slow-wave structure, finned slow-wave guideзамедля́ющая, спира́льная систе́ма — helical slow-wave structureза́мкнутая систе́ма — closed systemсисте́ма за́писи вчт. — writing systemзапомина́ющая систе́ма вчт. — storage systemсисте́ма затопле́ния мор. — flood(ing) systemсисте́ма захо́да на поса́дку по кома́ндам с земли́ ав. — ground-controlled-approach [GCA] systemзачи́стная систе́ма ( танкера) — stripping systemсисте́ма зерка́л Фабри́—Перо́ — Fabry-Perot [FP] mirror systemзерка́льно-ли́нзовая систе́ма ( в микроскопе) — catadioptric systemсисте́ма золоудале́ния — ash-handling systemсисте́ма зо́льников кож. — lime yard, lime roundизоли́рованная систе́ма — isolated systemсисте́ма индивидуа́льного вы́зова свз. — paging systemинерциа́льная систе́ма — inertial systemинформацио́нная систе́ма — information systemинформацио́нно-поиско́вая систе́ма — information retrieval systemисхо́дная систе́ма — prototype [original] systemканализацио́нная систе́ма — sewer(age) systemканализацио́нная, общесплавна́я систе́ма — combined sewer(age) systemканализацио́нная, разде́льная систе́ма — separate sewer(age) systemсисте́ма коди́рования — coding systemколеба́тельная систе́ма — (преим. механическая) vibratory [vibrating] system; ( немеханическая) oscillatory [resonant] systemколеба́тельная, многорезона́торная систе́ма ( магнетрона) — multiple-cavity resonatorколориметри́ческая трёхцве́тная систе́ма — three-colour photometric systemсисте́ма кома́нд ЭВМ — instruction set of a computer, computer instruction setсисте́ма координа́т — coordinate systemсвя́зывать систе́му координа́т с … — tie in a coordinate system with …, tie coordinate system to …систе́ма координа́т, инерциа́льная — inertial frameсисте́ма координа́т, лаборато́рная — laboratory coordinate system, laboratory frame of referenceсисте́ма координа́т, ле́вая — left-handed coordinate systemсисте́ма координа́т, ме́стная — local (coordinate) systemсисте́ма координа́т, поко́ящаяся — rest (coordinate) systemсисте́ма координа́т, пото́чная аргд. — (relative) wind coordinate systemсисте́ма координа́т, пра́вая — right-handed coordinate systemсисте́ма координа́т, свя́занная с дви́жущимся те́лом — body axes (coordinate) systemсисте́ма координа́т, свя́занная с Землё́й — fixed-in-the-earth (coordinate) systemсисте́ма корре́кции гироско́па — gyro monitor, (long-term) referenceсисте́ма корре́кции гироско́па, магни́тная — magnetic gyro monitor, magnetic referenceсисте́ма корре́кции гироско́па, ма́ятниковая — gravity gyro monitor, gravity referenceсисте́ма криволине́йных координа́т — curvilinear coordinate systemкурсова́я систе́ма ав. — directional heading [waiting] systemли́тниковая систе́ма — gating [pouring gate] systemмагни́тная систе́ма — magnetic systemсисте́ма ма́ссового обслу́живания — queueing [waiting] systemсисте́ма ма́ссового обслу́живания, сме́шанная — combined loss-delay queueing [waiting] systemсисте́ма ма́ссового обслу́живания с ожида́нием — delay queueing [waiting] systemсисте́ма ма́ссового обслу́живания с отка́зами — congestion queueing [waiting] systemсисте́ма ма́ссового обслу́живания с поте́рями — loss-type queueing [waiting] systemмени́сковая систе́ма — meniscus [Maksutov] systemсисте́ма мер, метри́ческая — metric systemсисте́ма мер, типогра́фская — point systemмехани́ческая систе́ма — mechanical systemмехани́ческая, несвобо́дная систе́ма — constrained material systemсисте́ма мно́гих тел — many-body systemмногокана́льная систе́ма свз. — multichannel systemмногокомпоне́нтная систе́ма — multicomponent systemмногоме́рная систе́ма — multivariable systemмодели́руемая систе́ма — prototype systemмо́дульная систе́ма — modular systemмультипле́ксная систе́ма — multiplex systemсисте́ма набо́ра ( корпуса судна) — framing systemсисте́ма набо́ра, кле́тчатая — cellular framing systemсисте́ма набо́ра, попере́чная — transverse framing systemсисте́ма набо́ра, продо́льная — longitudinal framing systemсисте́ма набо́ра, сме́шанная — mixed framing systemсисте́ма навига́ции — navigation systemсисте́ма навига́ции, автоно́мная — self-contained navigation systemсисте́ма навига́ции, гиперболи́ческая — hyperbolic navigation systemсисте́ма навига́ции, дальноме́рная — rho-rho [ - ] navigation systemсисте́ма навига́ции, дальноме́рно-угломе́рная — rho-theta [ - ] navigation systemсисте́ма навига́ции, кругова́я — rho-rho [ - ] navigation systemсисте́ма навига́ции, ра́зностно-дальноме́рная [РДНС] — hyperbolic navigation systemсисте́ма навига́ции, угломе́рная — theta-theta [ - ] navigation systemсисте́ма на стру́йных элеме́нтах, логи́ческая — fluid logic systemсисте́ма нумера́ции тлф. — numbering schemeсисте́ма обду́ва стё́кол авто, автмт. — demisterсисте́ма обнаруже́ния оши́бок ( в передаче данных) свз. — error detection systemсисте́ма обогре́ва стё́кол авто, ав. — defrosterсисте́ма обозначе́ний — notation, symbolismсисте́ма обозначе́ний Междунаро́дного нау́чного радиообъедине́ния — URSI symbol systemсисте́ма обозначе́ния про́бы, кара́тная — carat test sign systemсисте́ма обозначе́ния про́бы, метри́ческая — metric test sign systemобора́чивающая систе́ма опт. — erecting [inversion (optical)] systemобора́чивающая, при́зменная систе́ма опт. — prism-erecting (optical) systemсисте́ма обрабо́тки да́нных — data processing [dp] systemсисте́ма обрабо́тки да́нных в реа́льном масшта́бе вре́мени — real time data processing systemсисте́ма обрабо́тки да́нных, операти́вная — on-line data processing systemсисте́ма обрабо́тки отхо́дов — waste treatment systemсисте́ма объё́много пожаротуше́ния мор. — fire-smothering systemодноотка́зная систе́ма — fall-safe systemопти́ческая систе́ма — optical system, optical trainопти́ческая, зерка́льно-ли́нзовая систе́ма — catadioptric systemсисте́ма ориента́ции ав. — attitude control systemороси́тельная систе́ма — irrigation system, irrigation projectсисте́ма ороше́ния мор. — sprinkling systemсисте́ма освеще́ния — lighting (system)осуши́тельная систе́ма мор. — drain(age) systemсисте́ма отбо́ра во́здуха от компре́ссора — compressor air-bleed systemсисте́ма отве́рстия ( в допусках и посадках) — the basic hole systemотклоня́ющая систе́ма ( в ЭЛТ) — deflecting system, deflection yokeотклоня́ющая, ка́дровая систе́ма — vertical (deflection) yokeотклоня́ющая, магни́тная систе́ма — magnetic (deflection) yokeотклоня́ющая, стро́чная систе́ма — horizontal [line] (deflection) yokeсисте́ма относи́тельных едини́ц — per-unit systemотопи́тельная систе́ма — heating systemотопи́тельная систе́ма с разво́дкой све́рху — down-feed heating systemотопи́тельная систе́ма с разво́дкой сни́зу — up-feed heating systemсисте́ма отсчё́та — frame of reference, (reference) frame, reference systemсисте́ма отсчё́та, инерциа́льная — inertial frame of referenceсисте́ма охлажде́ния — cooling systemсисте́ма охлажде́ния, возду́шная — air-cooling systemсисте́ма охлажде́ния, жи́дкостная — liquid-cooling systemсисте́ма охлажде́ния, испари́тельная — evaporative cooling systemсисте́ма охлажде́ния, каска́дная — cascade refrigeration systemсисте́ма охлажде́ния непосре́дственным испаре́нием холоди́льного аге́нта — direct expansion systemсисте́ма охлажде́ния, пане́льная — panel cooling systemсисте́ма охлажде́ния, рассо́льная, двухтемперату́рная — dual-temperature brine refrigeration systemсисте́ма охлажде́ния, рассо́льная, закры́тая — closed brine cooling systemсисте́ма охлажде́ния, рассо́льная, с испаре́нием — brine spray cooling systemсисте́ма охлажде́ния с теплозащи́тной руба́шкой — jacketed cooling systemсисте́ма очи́стки воды́ — water purification systemсисте́ма па́мяти — memory [storage] systemсисте́ма парашю́та, подвесна́я — parachute harnessсисте́ма переда́чи да́нных — data transmission systemсисте́ма переда́чи да́нных с обра́тной свя́зью — information feedback data transmission systemсисте́ма переда́чи да́нных с коммута́цией сообще́ний и промежу́точным хране́нием — store-and-forward data networkсисте́ма переда́чи да́нных с реша́ющей обра́тной свя́зью — decision feedback data transmission systemсисте́ма переда́чи и́мпульсов набо́ра, шле́йфная тлф. — loop dialling systemсисте́ма переда́чи на одно́й боково́й полосе́ и пода́вленной несу́щей — single-sideband suppressed-carrier [SSB-SC] systemсисте́ма переда́чи на одно́й боково́й полосе́ с осла́бленной несу́щей — single-sideband reduced carrier [SSB-RC] systemсисте́ма пита́ния двс. — fuel systemсисте́ма пита́ния котла́ — boiler-feed piping systemсисте́ма питьево́й воды́ мор. — drinking-water [portable-water] systemсисте́ма пода́чи то́плива, вытесни́тельная — pressure feeding systemсисте́ма пода́чи то́плива самотё́ком — gravity feeding systemсисте́ма пода́чи то́плива, турбонасо́сная — turbopump feeding systemподви́жная систе́ма ( измерительного прибора) — moving element (movement не рекомендован соответствующими стандартами)систе́ма пожа́рной сигнализа́ции — fire-alarm systemсисте́ма пожаротуше́нения — fire-extinguishing systemсисте́ма поса́дки — landing systemсисте́ма поса́дки по прибо́рам — instrument landing system (сокращение ILS относится к международной системе, советская система обозначается СП — instrument landing system)систе́ма проду́вки авто — scavenging systemпротивообледени́тельная систе́ма ав. — ( для предотвращения образования льда) anti-icing [ice protection] system; ( для удаления образовавшегося льда) de-icing systemпротивопожа́рная систе́ма — fire-extinguishing systemпротивото́чная систе́ма — counter-current flow systemсисте́ма прямо́го перено́са ( электроннооптического преобразователя) — proximity focused systemпрямото́чная систе́ма — direct-flow systemсисте́ма прямоуго́льных координа́т — Cartesian [rectangular] coordinate systemсисте́ма, рабо́тающая в и́стинном масшта́бе вре́мени — real-time systemрадиолокацио́нная, втори́чная систе́ма УВД — ( для работы внутри СССР) SSR system; ( отвечающая нормам ИКАО) ICAO SSR systemрадиолокацио́нная систе́ма с электро́нным скани́рованием — electronic scanning radar system, ESRSрадиомая́чная систе́ма — radio rangeрадиомая́чная, многокана́льная систе́ма — multitrack radio rangeсисте́ма радионавига́ции — radio-navigation system (см. тж. система навигации)развё́ртывающая систе́ма тлв. — scanning systemсисте́ма разрабо́тки — mining system, method of miningраспредели́тельная систе́ма — distribution systemрегенерати́вная систе́ма тепл. — feed heating systemрезерви́рованная систе́ма — redundant systemсисте́ма ремне́й, подвесна́я ( респиратора) — harnessсисте́ма ру́бок лес. — cutting systemсамонастра́ивающаяся систе́ма — self-adjusting systemсамообуча́ющаяся систе́ма киб. — learning systemсамоорганизу́ющаяся систе́ма — self-organizing systemсамоприспоса́бливающаяся систе́ма киб. — adaptive systemсамоуравнове́шивающаяся систе́ма — self-balancing systemсамоусоверше́нствующаяся систе́ма — evolutionary systemсанита́рная систе́ма мор. — sanitary systemсисте́ма свя́зи — communication systemсопряга́ть систе́му свя́зи, напр. с ЭВМ — interface a communication network with, e. g., a computerуплотня́ть систе́му свя́зи телегра́фными кана́лами — multiplex telegraph channels on a communication linkсисте́ма свя́зи, асинхро́нная — asyncronous communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи, двои́чная — binary communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи, многокана́льная — multi-channel communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи на метео́рных вспы́шках — meteor burst [meteor-scatter] communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи, разветвлё́нная — deployed communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи с испо́льзованием да́льнего тропосфе́рного рассе́яния — troposcatter communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи с испо́льзованием ионосфе́рного рассе́яния — ionoscatter communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи с переспро́сом — ARQ communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи, уплотнё́нная — multiplex communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи, уплотнё́нная, с временны́м разделе́нием сигна́лов — time division multiplex [TDM] communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи, уплотнё́нная, с разделе́нием по ко́дам — code-division multiplex(ing) communication systemсисте́ма свя́зи, уплотнё́нная, с часто́тным разделе́нием сигна́лов — frequency division multiplex [FDM] communication systemсельси́нная систе́ма — synchro systemсельси́нная систе́ма в индика́торном режи́ме — synchro-repeater [direct-transmission synchro] systemсельси́нная систе́ма в трансформа́торном режи́ме — synchro-detector [control-transformer synchro] systemсельси́нная, двухотсчё́тная систе́ма — two-speed [coarse-fine] synchro systemсельси́нная, дифференциа́льная систе́ма — differential synchro systemсельси́нная, одноотсчё́тная систе́ма — singlespeed synchro systemсисте́ма сил — force systemсисте́ма синхрониза́ции — timing [synchronizing] mechanismсинхро́нная систе́ма — synchronous systemследя́щая систе́ма — servo (system)следя́щая, позицио́нная систе́ма — positional servo (system)следя́щая систе́ма с не́сколькими входны́ми возде́йствиями — multi-input servo (system)следя́щая систе́ма с предваре́нием — predictor servo (system)систе́ма слеже́ния — tracking systemсисте́ма слеже́ния по да́льности — range tracking systemсисте́ма слеже́ния по ско́рости измене́ния да́льности — range rate tracking systemсисте́ма сма́зки — lubrication (system)систе́ма сма́зки, принуди́тельная — force(-feed) lubrication (system)систе́ма сма́зки, разбры́згивающая — splash lubrication (system)сма́зочная систе́ма — lubrication (system)систе́ма с мно́гими переме́нными — multivariable systemсисте́ма сниже́ния шу́ма — noise reduction systemсисте́ма с обра́тной свя́зью — feedback systemСо́лнечная систе́ма — solar systemсисте́ма сопровожде́ния — tracking systemсисте́ма со свобо́дными пове́рхностями — unbounded systemсисте́ма с пара́метрами, изменя́ющимися во вре́мени — time variable [time-variant] systemсисте́ма с постоя́нным резерви́рованием — parallel-redundant systemсисте́ма с разделе́нием вре́мени — time-sharing systemсисте́ма с распределё́нными пара́метрами — distributed parameter systemсисте́ма с самоизменя́ющейся структу́рой — self-structuring systemсисте́ма с сосредото́ченными пара́метрами — lumped-parameter [lumped-constant] systemстати́ческая систе́ма — киб. constant-error system; ( в следящих системах) type O servo systemсисте́ма, стати́чески неопредели́мая мех. — statically indeterminate systemсисте́ма, стати́чески определи́мая мех. — statically determinate systemсисте́ма стира́ния ( записи) — erasing systemстохасти́ческая систе́ма — stochastic systemсто́чная систе́ма мор. — deck drain systemсудова́я систе́ма — ship systemсисте́ма с фикси́рованными грани́цами — bounded systemсисте́ма счисле́ния — number(ing) system, notationсисте́ма счисле́ния, восьмери́чная — octal number system, octonary notationсисте́ма счисле́ния, двенадцатери́чная — duodecimal number system, duodecimal notationсисте́ма счисле́ния, двои́чная — binary system, binary notationсисте́ма счисле́ния, двои́чно-десяти́чная — binary-coded decimal system, binary-coded decimal [BCD] notationсисте́ма счисле́ния, девятери́чная — nine number systemсисте́ма счисле́ния, десяти́чная — decimal number system, decimal notationсисте́ма счисле́ния, непозицио́нная — non-positional notationсисте́ма счисле́ния, позицио́нная — positional number notationсисте́ма счисле́ния пути́, возду́шно-до́плеровская навиг. — airborne Doppler navigatorсисте́ма счисле́ния, трои́чная — ternary number system, ternary notationсисте́ма счисле́ния, шестнадцатери́чная — hexadecimal number system, hexadecimal notationтелевизио́нная светокла́панная систе́ма — light-modulator [light-modulating] television systemтелегра́фная многокра́тная систе́ма ( с временным распределением) — time-division multiplex (transmission), time division telegraph systemтелеметри́ческая систе́ма — telemetering systemтелеметри́ческая, промы́шленная систе́ма — industrial telemetering systemтелеметри́ческая, то́ковая систе́ма — current-type telemeterтелеметри́ческая, часто́тная систе́ма — frequency-type telemeterтелефо́нная, автомати́ческая систе́ма — dial telephone systemтелефо́нная систе́ма с ручны́м обслу́живанием — manual-switchboard telephone systemтермодинами́ческая систе́ма — thermodynamic systemтехни́ческая систе́ма (в отличие от естественных, математических и т. п.) — engineering systemсисте́ма тона́льного телеграфи́рования — voice-frequency multichannel systemто́пливная систе́ма — fuel systemто́пливная систе́ма с пода́чей само́тёком — gravity fuel systemтормозна́я систе́ма ( автомобиля) — brake systemтрёхкомпоне́нтная систе́ма — ternary [three-component] systemтрёхпроводна́я систе́ма эл. — three-wire systemтрёхфа́зная систе́ма эл. — three-phase systemтрёхфа́зная систе́ма с глухозаземлё́нной нейтра́лью эл. — solidly-earthed-neutral three-phase systemтрёхфа́зная, симметри́чная систе́ма эл. — symmetrical three-phase systemтрёхфа́зная систе́ма с незаземлё́нной нейтра́лью эл. — isolated-neutral three-phase systemтрю́мная систе́ма мор. — bilge systemсисте́ма тяг — linkageтя́го-дутьева́я систе́ма — draught systemсисте́ма УВД — air traffic control [ATC] systemсисте́ма управле́ния — control systemсисте́ма управле́ния, автомати́ческая — automatic control systemсисте́ма управле́ния без па́мяти — combinational (control) systemсисте́ма управле́ния возду́шным движе́нием — air traffic control [ATC] systemсисте́ма управле́ния произво́дством [предприя́тием], автоматизи́рованная [АСУП] — management information system, MISсисте́ма управле́ния с вычисли́тельной маши́ной — computer control systemсисте́ма управле́ния с па́мятью — sequential (control) systemсисте́ма управле́ния с предсказа́нием — predictor control systemсисте́ма управле́ния технологи́ческим проце́ссом, автоматизи́рованная [АСУТП] — (automatic) process control systemсисте́ма управле́ния, цифрова́я — digital control systemуправля́емая систе́ма ( объект управления) — controlled system, controlled plantуправля́ющая систе́ма ( часть системы управления) — controlling (sub-)systemупру́гая систе́ма ( гравиметра) — elastic systemсисте́ма уравне́ний — set [system] of equations, set of simultaneous equationsсисте́ма уравне́ния объё́ма ( ядерного реактора) — pressurizing systemуравнове́шенная систе́ма — balanced systemусто́йчивая систе́ма — stable systemфа́новая систе́ма мор. — flushing [sewage-disposal] systemсисте́ма физи́ческих величи́н — system of physical quantitiesхи́мико-технологи́ческая систе́ма — chemical engineering systemхими́ческая систе́ма — chemical systemсисте́ма ЦБ-АТС тлф. — dial systemсисте́ма цветно́го телеви́дения, совмести́мая — compatible colour-television systemсисте́ма це́нтра масс — centre-of-mass [centre-of-gravity, centre-of-momentum] systemсисте́ма цифрово́го управле́ния ( не путать с числовы́м управле́нием) — digital control system (not to be confused with numeric control system)систе́ма «челове́к — маши́на» — man-machine systemшарни́рная систе́ма — hinged systemшарни́рно-стержнева́я систе́ма — hinged-rod systemшпре́нгельная систе́ма — strutted [truss] systemсисте́ма эксплуата́ции телефо́нной свя́зи, заказна́я — delay operationсисте́ма эксплуата́ции телефо́нной свя́зи, ско́рая — demand working, telephone traffic on the demand basisэкстрема́льная систе́ма — extremal systemсисте́ма электро́дов ЭЛТ — CRT electrode structureэлектроже́зловая систе́ма ж.-д. — (electric) token systemэлектрохими́ческая систе́ма — electrochemical systemэлектрохими́ческая, необрати́мая систе́ма — irreversible electrochemical systemэлектрохими́ческая, обрати́мая систе́ма — reversible electrochemical systemэлектроэнергети́ческая систе́ма — electric power systemсисте́ма элеме́нтов Менделе́ева, периоди́ческая — Mendeleeff's [Mendeleev's, periodic] law, periodic system, periodic tableсисте́ма элеме́нтов ЦВМ — computer building-block rangeэнергети́ческая систе́ма — power systemэнергети́ческая, еди́ная систе́ма — power gridэнергети́ческая, объединё́нная систе́ма — interconnected power system -
8 механизм адаптации
1) Psychology: adjustment mechanism (приспособления)2) Automation: adaptation mechanism3) Aviation medicine: adaptive strategyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > механизм адаптации
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9 система АУ
Automation: adaptation mechanism, adaptive control system (станком) -
10 система АУ
adaptation mechanism, ( станком) adaptive control systemРусско-английский исловарь по машиностроению и автоматизации производства > система АУ
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11 Creativity
Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with DisorderEven to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)[P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity
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