-
81 не спросясь броду, не суйся в воду
• НЕ ЗНАЯ < НЕ СПРОСЯСЬ> БРОДУ, НЕ СУЙСЯ В ВОДУ[saying]=====⇒ do not attempt sth. unfamiliar to you unprepared (said when a person fails at some undertaking because of his lack of knowledge of it; also said as a warning against acting hastily, rashly):- - look before you leap.♦...[Полицмейстер] мне заметил: "...Я бы ему, дураку, вздул бы спину, - не суйся, мол, в воду, не спросясь броду, - да и отпустил бы его восвояси, - все бы и были довольны..." (Герцен 1).... Не [the politsmeyster] observed:...I would have given the fool a good drubbing-to teach him to look before he leaps-and would have sent him home. Everyone would have been satisfied..." (1a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не спросясь броду, не суйся в воду
-
82 act out
v + o + adv, v + adv + o representarthe drama was acted out before our eyes — la tragedia ocurrió or se desarrolló ante nuestros propios ojos
VT + ADV representarto act out a macabre drama — (fig) representar (hasta el final) un drama macabro
she is given to acting out her fantasies — tiene tendencia a hacer vivir sus fantasías en la realidad
* * *v + o + adv, v + adv + o representarthe drama was acted out before our eyes — la tragedia ocurrió or se desarrolló ante nuestros propios ojos
-
83 course
ko:s1) (a series (of lectures, medicines etc): I'm taking a course (of lectures) in sociology; He's having a course of treatment for his leg.) curso2) (a division or part of a meal: Now we've had the soup, what's (for) the next course?) plato3) (the ground over which a race is run or a game (especially golf) is played: a racecourse; a golf-course.) campo, pista4) (the path or direction in which something moves: the course of the Nile.) curso5) (the progress or development of events: Things will run their normal course despite the strike.) curso6) (a way (of action): What's the best course of action in the circumstances?) camino, modo de proceder•- in due course
- of course
- off
- on course
course n1. curso2. platofirst course, main course and dessert primer plato, segundo plato y postre3. rumboof course claro / desde luego / por supuestotr[kɔːs]3 (way of acting, plan of action) plan nombre masculino de acción, línea de acción■ what courses are open to us? ¿qué opciones tenemos?4 (development, progress) curso, marcha5 SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL (year-long) curso; (short) cursillo; (series) ciclo; (at university) carrera; (individual subject) asignatura6 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL serie nombre femenino, tanda7 (of meal) plato9 (of bricks) hilada1 correr, fluir\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin due course a su debido tiempoof course claro, desde luego, por supuesto, naturalmente■ yes, of course! ¡claro que sí!■ of course not! ¡claro que no!to be on course (ship, plane) seguir el rumbo 2 (plan, company, etc) ir encaminado,-a, llevar camino ( for, de)■ the government is on course for trouble with the unions el gobierno lleva camino de tener problemas con los sindicatosto be off course perder el rumbo, desviarse del rumboto change course cambiar de rumboto set course for poner rumbo ato take its course / run its course seguir su cursocourse of treatment SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL tratamientofirst course primer plato, entrante nombre masculinorefresher course SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL cursillo de reciclajesecond course segundo platosweet course postre nombre masculinocourse n1) progress: curso m, transcurso mto run its course: seguir su curso2) direction: rumbo m (de un avión), derrota f, derrotero m (de un barco)3) path, way: camino m, vía fcourse of action: línea de conducta4) : plato m (de una cena)the main course: el plato principal5) : curso m (académico)6)of course : desde luego, por supuestoyes, of course!: ¡claro que sí!n.• plato s.m.n.• asignatura s.f.• camino s.m.• carrera s.f.• corriente s.m.• curso s.m.• derrota s.f.• pista s.f.• rumbo s.m.• sentido s.m.• transcurso s.m.• trayecto s.m.• trayectoria s.f.v.• correr v.• perseguir v.
I kɔːrs, kɔːs1)b) ( way of proceeding)the only course open to us — el único camino que tenemos, nuestra única opción
c) ( progress) (no pl)in the normal course of events — normalmente, en circunstancias normales
in o during the course of our conversation — en el curso or transcurso de nuestra conversación
to run o take its course — seguir* su curso
2)of course — claro, desde luego, por supuesto
am I invited? - of course you are! — ¿estoy invitado? - claro or desde luego or por supuesto que sí!
I'm not always right, of course — claro que no siempre tengo razón
3) (Aviat, Naut) rumbo mto set course for — poner* rumbo a
to go off course — desviarse* de rumbo
4)a) ( Educ) curso mcourse IN/ON something — curso de/sobre algo
to take o (BrE also) do a course — hacer* un curso
to go on a course — ir* a hacer un curso; (before n)
coursework — trabajo m
b) ( Med)5) ( part of a meal) plato mmain course — plato principal or fuerte or (Ven) central
as a o for the first course — de primer plato, de entrada
6) ( Sport) ( racecourse) hipódromo m, pista f (de carreras); ( golf course) campo m or (CS tb) cancha f (de golf)to last o stay the course — ( persist to the end) aguantar hasta el final
II
intransitive verb ( flow swiftly) (liter)[kɔːs]1. N1) (=route, direction) [of ship, plane] rumbo m; [of river] curso m; [of planet] órbita f•
to change course — (lit) cambiar de rumbothe government has changed course on Europe — el gobierno ha dado un nuevo rumbo or giro a su política con respecto a Europa
•
to be/go off course — (lit, fig) haberse desviado/desviarse de su rumbo•
we are on course for victory — vamos bien encaminados para la victoria•
to plot a course (for Jamaica) — trazar el rumbo (para ir a Jamaica)collision•
to set (a) course for — (Naut) poner rumbo a2) (=line of action)the best course would be to... — lo mejor sería...
•
we have to decide on the best course of action — tenemos que decidir cuáles son las mejores medidas a tomar•
it's the only course left open to him — es la única opción que le queda3) (=process) curso mit changed the course of history/of her life — cambió el curso de la historia/de su vida
•
in the course of, in the course of my work — en el cumplimiento de mi trabajoin the course of conversation — en el curso or transcurso de la conversación
in or during the course of the next few days — en el curso de los próximos días
due 1., 3), event, matter 1., 5)in or during the course of the journey — durante el viaje
4)• of course — claro, desde luego, por supuesto, cómo no (esp LAm), sí pues (S. Cone)
of course! I should have known — ¡pero si está claro! me lo tenía que haber imaginado
"can I have a drink?" - "of course you can" — -¿puedo tomar algo de beber? -claro or desde luego or por supuesto que sí
I've read about her in the papers, of course — por supuesto, la conozco de los periódicos
of course, I may be wrong — claro que puedo estar confundido
of course not! — (answering) ¡claro que no!, ¡por supuesto que no!
"can I go?" - "of course not or of course you can't" — -¿puedo ir? -claro que no or ni hablar or por supuesto que no
5) (Scol, Univ) curso m•
to go on a course — ir a hacer un curso•
a course in business administration — un curso de administración de empresas•
to take or do a course in or on sth — hacer un curso de algo6) (Med) (=regimen)she was put on a course of steroids — le recetaron esteroides, le pusieron un tratamiento a base de esteroides
7) (Sport) (=distance) recorrido m; (=surface) pista f; (=racecourse) hipódromo mgolf course — campo m or (S. Cone) cancha f (de golf)
- stay the courseobstacle8) (Culin) plato m•
a three-course meal — una comida de tres platos9) (Naut) (=sail) vela f mayor10) (Constr) (=layer) [of bricks] hilada f2.VI [water, air] correr; [tears] rodar; [sweat] caer; (fig) [emotion] invadirrage/relief coursed through him — le invadió la ira/una sensación de alivio
3.VT (Hunting) † cazar4.CPDcourse book N — manual m (del curso)
course fees N — derechos mpl de matrícula
course requirements NPL — estudios previos requeridos para poder realizar determinado curso
course work N — trabajos mpl (para clase)
* * *
I [kɔːrs, kɔːs]1)b) ( way of proceeding)the only course open to us — el único camino que tenemos, nuestra única opción
c) ( progress) (no pl)in the normal course of events — normalmente, en circunstancias normales
in o during the course of our conversation — en el curso or transcurso de nuestra conversación
to run o take its course — seguir* su curso
2)of course — claro, desde luego, por supuesto
am I invited? - of course you are! — ¿estoy invitado? - claro or desde luego or por supuesto que sí!
I'm not always right, of course — claro que no siempre tengo razón
3) (Aviat, Naut) rumbo mto set course for — poner* rumbo a
to go off course — desviarse* de rumbo
4)a) ( Educ) curso mcourse IN/ON something — curso de/sobre algo
to take o (BrE also) do a course — hacer* un curso
to go on a course — ir* a hacer un curso; (before n)
coursework — trabajo m
b) ( Med)5) ( part of a meal) plato mmain course — plato principal or fuerte or (Ven) central
as a o for the first course — de primer plato, de entrada
6) ( Sport) ( racecourse) hipódromo m, pista f (de carreras); ( golf course) campo m or (CS tb) cancha f (de golf)to last o stay the course — ( persist to the end) aguantar hasta el final
II
intransitive verb ( flow swiftly) (liter) -
84 energy
'enə‹iplural - energies; noun1) (the ability to act, or the habit of acting, strongly and vigorously: He has amazing energy for his age; That child has too much energy; I must devote my energies to gardening today.) energía2) (the power, eg of electricity, of doing work: electrical energy; nuclear energy.) energía•- energetically
energy n energíatr['enəʤɪ]1 (gen) energía\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLenergy crisis crisis nombre femenino energética1) vitality: energía f, vitalidad f2) effort: esfuerzo m, energías fpl3) power: energía fatomic energy: energía atómican.• empuje s.m.• energía s.f.• fibra s.f.• fuerza s.f.'enərdʒi, 'enədʒimass noun energía f; (power, effort) energías fpl; (before n)['enǝdʒɪ]energy crisis — crisis f energética
1.electrical/atomic/solar energy — energía f eléctrica/atómica/solar
Secretary (of State) for Energy — Secretario(-a) m / f (de Estado) de Energía
Minister of Energy — Ministro(-a) m / f de Energía
2.CPDenergy bar N — (=food) barrita f energética
energy company N — empresa f de energía
energy conservation N — conservación f de la energía
energy consumption N — consumo m de energía
energy crisis N — crisis f inv energética
energy drink N — bebida f energética
energy efficiency N — eficacia f energética
energy food N — comida f energética or que da energías
energy level N — nivel m energético
energy needs NPL — necesidades fpl energéticas
energy policy N — política f de energía
energy resources NPL — recursos mpl energéticos
energy saving N — ahorro m de energía
* * *['enərdʒi, 'enədʒi]mass noun energía f; (power, effort) energías fpl; (before n)energy crisis — crisis f energética
-
85 interest
'intrəst, ]( American) 'intərist
1. noun1) (curiosity; attention: That newspaper story is bound to arouse interest.) interés2) (a matter, activity etc that is of special concern to one: Gardening is one of my main interests.) interés3) (money paid in return for borrowing a usually large sum of money: The (rate of) interest on this loan is eight per cent; (also adjective) the interest rate.) interés4) ((a share in the ownership of) a business firm etc: He bought an interest in the night-club.) participación5) (a group of connected businesses which act together to their own advantage: I suspect that the scheme will be opposed by the banking interest (= all the banks acting together).) grupo de intereses
2. verb1) (to arouse the curiosity and attention of; to be of importance or concern to: Political arguments don't interest me at all.) interesar2) ((with in) to persuade to do, buy etc: Can I interest you in (buying) this dictionary?) interesar•- interesting
- interestingly
- in one's own interest
- in one's interest
- in the interests of
- in the interest of
- lose interest
- take an interest
interest1 n1. interés2. aficióninterest2 vb interesartr['ɪntrəst]1 (gen) interés nombre masculino■ only three students showed any interest in the subject sólo tres estudiantes mostraron interés en el tema■ what are your interests? ¿cuáles son tus aficiones?3 (advantage, benefit) provecho, beneficio■ it's in your own interest es por tu propio bien, es en tu propio beneficio■ unions look after the interests of their members los sindicatos se ocupan de los intereses de sus afiliados■ they pay interest at 10% on their mortgage pagan un interés del 10% sobre su hipoteca1 interesar■ can I interest you in this catalogue? ¿le interesaría este catálogo?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto bear/earn/pay interest dar interés, devengar interésto lose interest in something perder interés en algoto take an interest in something interesarse por algoto repay something with interest devolver algo con crecesinterest group grupo de interesesinterest ['ɪntrəst, -tə.rɛst] vt: interesarinterest n1) share, stake: interés m, participación f2) benefit: provecho m, beneficio m, interés min the public interest: en el interés público3) charge: interés m, cargo mcompound interest: interés compuesto4) curiosity: interés m, curiosidad f5) color: color m, interés mplaces of local interest: lugares de color local6) hobby: afición fn.• comodidad s.f.• interés (Economía) s.m.• logro s.m.• renta s.f.v.• interesar v.
I 'ɪntrəst1)a) u ( felt by person) interés minterest IN somebody/something/-ING — interés en alguien/algo/+ inf
I have no interest in getting to know them — no tengo ningún interés en conocerlos, no me interesa conocerlos
to show (an) interest — demostrar* interés, mostrarse* interesado
to take (an) interest in something/somebody — interesarse por algo/alguien
b) c ( hobby) interés m2) u ( possessed by object) interés mis this of any interest to you? — ¿esto te interesa?
3) ca) ( stake) participación f, intereses mplb) ( advantage) (often pl) interés mto act in somebody's interest(s) — actuar* en beneficio de alguien
4) u ( Fin) interés mto earn/charge interest of o at five per cent (per annum) — percibir/cobrar un interés del cinco por ciento (al año)
to pay something/somebody back with interest: he repaid my affection with interest me devolvió con creces el cariño que le había dado; they'll pay me back with interest! me las van a pagar con creces!; (before n) interest rate — tasa f or (esp Esp) tipo m de interés
II
transitive verb interesar['ɪntrɪst]can I interest you in a raffle ticket? — ¿le puedo ofrecer un número de rifa?
1. N1) (=curiosity) interés m•
to arouse sb's interest — despertar el interés de algn•
to have an interest in sth — estar interesado en algo•
to lose interest (in sth) — perder el interés (por or en algo)•
of interest, the guidebook describes all the places of interest — la guía describe todos los lugares de interésis this of any interest to you? — ¿te interesa esto?
•
I'm doing it just out of interest — lo hago simplemente porque me interesajust out of interest, how much did it cost? — por simple curiosidad, ¿cuánto costó?
•
to show (an) interest (in sth/sb) — mostrar interés (por or en algo/por algn)•
to take an interest in sth/sb — interesarse por or en algo/por algn2) (=hobby) interés mmy main interest is reading — mi interés principal or mi pasatiempo favorito es la lectura
what are your interests? — ¿qué cosas te interesan?
special interest holidays — vacaciones fpl de grupos con un interés común
3) (=profit, advantage) interés m•
a conflict of interests — un conflicto de intereses•
in sb's interest(s), it is in your own interest to confess — te conviene confesarheart 1., 1), public 1., 2), vested•
they acted in the best interests of their members — obraron en el mejor interés de sus miembros•
he has business interests abroad — tiene negocios en el extranjero•
to have a controlling/ financial interest in a company — tener una participación mayoritaria/tener acciones en una compañía•
to have an interest in sth — (gen) tener interés or estar interesado en algo; (in company) tener participación en algothe West has an interest in promoting democracy there — Occidente tiene interés or está interesado en promover allí la democracia
5) (Econ) (on loan, shares, savings) interés m•
to bear interest — devengar or dar interesesit bears interest at 5% — devenga or da un interés del 5%
•
to earn interest — cobrar intereses•
the interest on an investment — los intereses de una inversiónto repay sth/sb with interest —
I repaid his bad manners with interest! — ¡le devolví los malos modales con creces!
2. VT1) (=arouse interest) interesarit may interest you to know that... — puede que te interese saber que...
can I interest you in a new car? — ¿estaría interesado en comprar un coche nuevo?
2) (=concern) interesar3.CPDinterest charges NPL — intereses mpl
interest group N — grupo m de gente con un mismo interés
interest payments NPL — pago m de intereses
interest rate N — tipo m or tasa f de interés
* * *
I ['ɪntrəst]1)a) u ( felt by person) interés minterest IN somebody/something/-ING — interés en alguien/algo/+ inf
I have no interest in getting to know them — no tengo ningún interés en conocerlos, no me interesa conocerlos
to show (an) interest — demostrar* interés, mostrarse* interesado
to take (an) interest in something/somebody — interesarse por algo/alguien
b) c ( hobby) interés m2) u ( possessed by object) interés mis this of any interest to you? — ¿esto te interesa?
3) ca) ( stake) participación f, intereses mplb) ( advantage) (often pl) interés mto act in somebody's interest(s) — actuar* en beneficio de alguien
4) u ( Fin) interés mto earn/charge interest of o at five per cent (per annum) — percibir/cobrar un interés del cinco por ciento (al año)
to pay something/somebody back with interest: he repaid my affection with interest me devolvió con creces el cariño que le había dado; they'll pay me back with interest! me las van a pagar con creces!; (before n) interest rate — tasa f or (esp Esp) tipo m de interés
II
transitive verb interesarcan I interest you in a raffle ticket? — ¿le puedo ofrecer un número de rifa?
-
86 life
plural - lives; noun1) (the quality belonging to plants and animals which distinguishes them from rocks, minerals etc and things which are dead: Doctors are fighting to save the child's life.) vida2) (the period between birth and death: He had a long and happy life.) vida3) (liveliness: She was full of life and energy.) vida4) (a manner of living: She lived a life of ease and idleness.) vida5) (the period during which any particular state exists: He had many different jobs during his working life.) vida6) (living things: It is now believed that there may be life on Mars; animal life.) vida7) (the story of a life: He has written a life of Churchill.) biografía8) (life imprisonment: He was given life for murder.) cadena perpetua•- lifeless- lifelike
- life-and-death
- lifebelt
- lifeboat
- lifebuoy
- life-cycle
- life expectancy
- lifeguard
- life-jacket
- lifeline
- lifelong
- life-saving
- life-sized
- life-size
- lifetime
- as large as life
- bring to life
- come to life
- for life
- the life and soul of the party
- not for the life of me
- not on your life!
- take life
- take one's life
- take one's life in one's hands
- to the life
life n vidatr[laɪf]1 vida■ never in my life have I heard such nonsense! ¡jamás en la vida había oído tales estupideces!2 (of battery) duración nombre femenino\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLfor dear life con toda su fuerzait's a matter of life and death es cuestión de vida o muertenot on your life! familiar ¡ni hablar!run for your life «(lives)»! ¡sálvese quien pueda!to be the life and soul of the party ser el alma de la fiestato bring somebody back to life resucitar a alguiento come to life cobrar vidato have the time of one's life pasárselo como nuncato live the life of Riley familiar pegarse la gran vidato lose one's life perder la vidato take one's own life suicidarse, quitarse la vidato take somebody's life matar a alguienlife belt / life buoy salvavidas nombre masculinolife cycle ciclo vitallife expectancy esperanza de vidalife insurance seguro de vidalife imprisonment cadena perpetualife jacket chaleco salvavidaslife sentence cadena perpetualife story biografíalife style estilo de vida1) : vida fplant life: la vida vegetal2) existence: vida f, existencia f3) biography: biografía f, vida f4) duration: duración f, vida f5) liveliness: vivacidad f, animación fadj.• perpetuo, -a adj.• vital adj.• vitalicio, -a adj.n.(§ pl.: lives) = animación s.f.• existencia s.f.• ser s.m.• tiempo de vida s.m.• vida s.f.• vigencia s.f.• vivir s.m.laɪf1) c u ( existence) vida fearly in life — en su (or mi, etc) juventud
in later life — más tarde or más adelante
at my time of life — a mi edad, con la edad que tengo
the man/woman in your life — el hombre/la mujer de tu vida
to have the time of one's life — divertirse* como nunca or (fam) de lo lindo
to see life — ver* mundo
you can bet your life we'll be late! — (colloq) te apuesto lo que quieras a que llegamos tarde!
to lose one's life — perder* la vida
to risk one's life — arriesgar* la vida
to take somebody's life — (frml) darle* muerte a alguien (frml)
to take one's (own) life — (frml) quitarse la vida (frml)
a matter of life and death — una cuestión de vida o muerte
as large as life — en carne y hueso
he couldn't darn a sock to save his life — no sería capaz de zurcir un calcetín ni aun si le fuera la vida en ello
larger than life: the characters are all larger than life todos los personajes son creaciones que desbordan la realidad; he was a larger-than-life character era un personaje exuberante; not for the life of one: I can't remember for the life of me no me puedo acordar por nada del mundo; not on your life! ni muerto!; to cling/hold on for dear life aferrarse/agarrarse desesperadamente; to fight/run for one's life: they had to run for their lives tuvieron que correr como alma que lleva el diablo; run for your lives! sálvese quien pueda!; he was fighting for (his) life se debatía entre la vida y la muerte; to frighten o scare the life out of somebody darle* or pegarle* un susto mortal a alguien; (to have) the shock of one's life llevarse el susto de su (or mi etc) vida; she gave the performance of her life actuó como nunca; to risk life and limb arriesgar* la vida; to take one's life in one's hands jugarse* la vida; (before n) <member, pension, president> vitalicio; life force fuerza f vital; life imprisonment cadena f perpetua; life sentence condena f a perpetuidad or a cadena perpetua; his life story — la historia de su vida
2) ua) ( vital force) vida fto come to life — \<\<party\>\> animarse; \<\<puppet/doll\>\> cobrar vida
b) ( vitality) vida f, vitalidad fto inject new life into something — revitalizar* algo
to be the life o (esp BrE) the life and soul of the party — ser* el alma de la fiesta
3) u ( lifestyle) vida fto live the life of Riley — darse* la gran vida, vivir a cuerpo de rey
4) u ( living things) vida fanimal/plant life — vida animal/vegetal
6) u ( imprisonment) (colloq) cadena f perpetua7) u ( Art)to paint/draw from life — pintar/dibujar del natural
8) c ( biography) vida f[laɪf]1. N(pl lives)1) (=animate state) vida fplant life — vida f vegetal, las plantas fpl
•
to bring sb back to life — resucitar or reanimar a algn2) (=existence) vida fhow's life? * — ¿cómo te va (la vida)?, ¿qué hubo? (Mex, Chile)
I do have a life outside of work, you know — yo hago otras cosas en mi vida aparte de trabajar ¿sabes?
•
to begin life as... — empezar la vida como...•
to depart this life — liter partir de esta vida•
in early/later life — en los años juveniles/madurasrun for your life! — ¡sálvese quien pueda!
•
you gave me the fright of my life! — ¡qué susto me diste!•
to lay down one's life — dar su vida, entregar su vida•
to lose one's life — perder la vidahow many lives were lost? — ¿cuántas víctimas hubo?
•
never in my life — en mi vida•
in the next life — en el más allá, en la otra vida•
in real life — en la vida real•
to see life — ver mundo•
to spend one's life doing sth — pasar la vida haciendo algo•
to take sb's life — quitar la vida a algnto take one's own life — quitarse la vida, suicidarse
•
at my time of life — a mi edad, con los años que yo tengobed 1., 4), private 3., save I, 1., 1)•
his life won't be worth living — más le valdría morirse3) (=way of living)•
country/ city life — la vida de la ciudad/del campo•
the good life — una vida agradable; (Rel) la vida santa•
it's a hard life — la vida es muy dura•
to make a new life for o.s., to start a new life — comenzar una vida nueva•
to live one's own life — ser dueño de su propia vidaRiley•
to lead a quiet life — llevar una vida tranquila•
get a life! * — ¡espabílate y haz algo!•
(upon) my life! — † ¡Dios mío!•
not on your life! * — ¡ni hablar!•
this is the life! — ¡esto sí que es vida!, ¡esto es jauja!what a life! — (=bad) ¡qué vida esta!; (=good) ¡vaya vida!, ¡eso sí que es vivir bien!
5) (=liveliness) vida f•
his acting brought the character to life — su actuación dio vida al personaje•
to come to life — animarse•
the life and soul of the party — el alma de la fiesta6) (=lifespan) [of person] vida f ; [of licence] vigencia f, validez f ; [of battery] vida f, duración f7) * (=life imprisonment)•
to do life — cumplir una condena de cadena or reclusión perpetua8) (Art)•
to paint from life — pintar del natural•
true to life — fiel a la realidad9) (=biography) vida f10) (US)** [of prostitute]she's in the life — hace la calle *, es una mujer de la vida
2.CPDlife and death struggle N — lucha f a vida o muerte
life annuity N — pensión f or anualidad f vitalicia
life assurance N — seguro m de vida
life class N — (Art) clase f de dibujo al natural
life coach N — profesional encargado de mejorar la situación laboral y personal de sus clientes
life cycle N — ciclo m vital
life drawing N — dibujo m del natural
life expectancy N — esperanza f de vida
life force N — fuerza f vital
Life Guards NPL — (Brit) (Mil) regimiento de caballería
life history N — [of person] (historia f de la) vida f ; hum, iro vida f y milagros * mpl
life imprisonment N — cadena f perpetua
life insurance N — = life assurance
life interest N — usufructo m vitalicio
life jacket N — chaleco m salvavidas
life member N — miembro m vitalicio
life membership N —
to take out a life membership — inscribirse como miembro vitalicio or de por vida
life peer N — (Brit) (Parl) miembro de la Cámara de los Lores de carácter no hereditario
life preserver N — (Brit) cachiporra f ; (US) chaleco m salvavidas
life president N — presidente mf de por vida
life sciences NPL — ciencias fpl de la vida
life sentence N — condena f a perpetuidad
life span N — [of person] vida f ; [of product] vida f útil
life story N — biografía f
life vest N — (US) chaleco m salvavidas
* * *[laɪf]1) c u ( existence) vida fearly in life — en su (or mi, etc) juventud
in later life — más tarde or más adelante
at my time of life — a mi edad, con la edad que tengo
the man/woman in your life — el hombre/la mujer de tu vida
to have the time of one's life — divertirse* como nunca or (fam) de lo lindo
to see life — ver* mundo
you can bet your life we'll be late! — (colloq) te apuesto lo que quieras a que llegamos tarde!
to lose one's life — perder* la vida
to risk one's life — arriesgar* la vida
to take somebody's life — (frml) darle* muerte a alguien (frml)
to take one's (own) life — (frml) quitarse la vida (frml)
a matter of life and death — una cuestión de vida o muerte
as large as life — en carne y hueso
he couldn't darn a sock to save his life — no sería capaz de zurcir un calcetín ni aun si le fuera la vida en ello
larger than life: the characters are all larger than life todos los personajes son creaciones que desbordan la realidad; he was a larger-than-life character era un personaje exuberante; not for the life of one: I can't remember for the life of me no me puedo acordar por nada del mundo; not on your life! ni muerto!; to cling/hold on for dear life aferrarse/agarrarse desesperadamente; to fight/run for one's life: they had to run for their lives tuvieron que correr como alma que lleva el diablo; run for your lives! sálvese quien pueda!; he was fighting for (his) life se debatía entre la vida y la muerte; to frighten o scare the life out of somebody darle* or pegarle* un susto mortal a alguien; (to have) the shock of one's life llevarse el susto de su (or mi etc) vida; she gave the performance of her life actuó como nunca; to risk life and limb arriesgar* la vida; to take one's life in one's hands jugarse* la vida; (before n) <member, pension, president> vitalicio; life force fuerza f vital; life imprisonment cadena f perpetua; life sentence condena f a perpetuidad or a cadena perpetua; his life story — la historia de su vida
2) ua) ( vital force) vida fto come to life — \<\<party\>\> animarse; \<\<puppet/doll\>\> cobrar vida
b) ( vitality) vida f, vitalidad fto inject new life into something — revitalizar* algo
to be the life o (esp BrE) the life and soul of the party — ser* el alma de la fiesta
3) u ( lifestyle) vida fto live the life of Riley — darse* la gran vida, vivir a cuerpo de rey
4) u ( living things) vida fanimal/plant life — vida animal/vegetal
6) u ( imprisonment) (colloq) cadena f perpetua7) u ( Art)to paint/draw from life — pintar/dibujar del natural
8) c ( biography) vida f -
87 method
'meƟəd1) (the way in which one does something: I don't like his methods of training workers.) método, forma2) (an orderly or fixed series of actions for doing something: Follow the method set down in the instruction book.) sistema, orden, método3) (good sense and a definite plan: Her work seems to lack method.) método, técnica•- methodically
method n métodotr['meɵəd]1 (manner, way) método, forma3 (technique) técnica\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLthere's method in his/her madness no es tan loco,-a como parecemethod ['mɛɵəd] n: método mn.• camino s.m.• estructura s.f.• manera s.f.• modo s.m.• método s.m.• norma s.f.• procedimiento s.m.• práctica s.f.• regla s.f.• sistema s.m.'meθəd1) c u método mmethod of payment — forma f de pago
there's method in his/her madness — no es tan loco/loca como parece
2) ( Theat) (before n)['meθǝd]1. N1) (=manner, way) método m ; (=procedure) procedimiento mmethod of payment — forma f de pago
2) (=technique) técnica f2.CPDmethod acting N — método m Stanislavski
method actor N — actor m adepto del método Stanislavski
method actress N — actriz f adepta del método Stanislavski
* * *['meθəd]1) c u método mmethod of payment — forma f de pago
there's method in his/her madness — no es tan loco/loca como parece
2) ( Theat) (before n) -
88 dar problemas
v.1 to give problems, to be acting up, to be playing up, to play up.El auto nuevo da problemas The new car gives problems.2 to create problems, to start trouble.El nuevo chico da problemas The new kid starts trouble.3 to cause problems, to give trouble, to bother, to cause problems to.Ella le da problemas a la escuela She causes the school problems.* * *to cause problems* * *(v.) = play upEx. Each time it's been in the garage, it drives OK for about 10-15 miles, before starting to play up again.* * *(v.) = play upEx: Each time it's been in the garage, it drives OK for about 10-15 miles, before starting to play up again.
-
89 prueba
f.1 piece of evidence.no tengo pruebas I have no proof o evidence2 sign.en o como prueba de in o as proof of3 test.prueba de alcoholemia breath testprueba del embarazo pregnancy testla prueba de fuego the acid testprueba de resistencia endurance test4 test.prueba de acceso entrance examinationprueba de aptitud aptitude test5 ordeal, trial (trance).6 event (sport).7 proof (Imprenta).8 sample.9 audition.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: probar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: probar.* * *1 (demostración) proof2 (experimento) experiment, trial■ hemos hecho la prueba de no regañarla a ver qué pasa we've tried not telling her off to see what happens3 (examen) test4 TÉCNICA trial5 MEDICINA test6 DEPORTE event7 DERECHO evidence8 (en imprenta) proof9 (en costura) fitting\a prueba de proof againsten prueba de as a sign ofponer a prueba to put to the testprueba de acceso entrance examinationprueba de fuego acid testprueba del embarazo pregnancy testprueba nuclear nuclear test* * *noun f.1) proof2) evidence3) event4) test, trial5) token* * *SF1) (=demostración) proof¿tiene usted prueba de ello? — can you prove it?, do you have proof?
eso es la prueba de que él lo hizo — this proves that he did it, this is the proof that he did it
es prueba de que tiene buena salud — that proves o shows he's in good health
•
ser buena prueba de algo — to be clear proof of sthel resultado es buena prueba de su profesionalidad — the result is clear proof of her professionalism
Alonso dio buena prueba de su calidad como orador — Alonso clearly demonstrated his quality as a speaker, Alonso gave clear proof of his quality as a speaker
•
como o en prueba de — in proof ofcomo o en prueba de lo cual — in proof of which
me lo dio como o en prueba de amistad — he gave it to me as a token of friendship
como o en prueba de que no es así te lo ofrezco gratis — to prove that that isn't the case, I'll give it to you for free
2) (Jur) piece of evidence3) (=examen) (Escol, Univ, Med) test; [de actor] (Cine) screen test; (Teat) auditionprueba de acceso — entrance test, entrance examination
prueba de alcoholemia — Breathalyzer ® test
prueba de selectividad — (Univ) entrance examination
prueba práctica — practical, practical test
4) (=ensayo)a) [gen]•
período de prueba — [de persona] probationary period; [de producto] trial period•
estar en (fase de) pruebas — to be on trialemitir en pruebas — (TV) to broadcast test transmissions
b)• a prueba — (Téc) on trial; (Com) on approval, on trial
c)• a prueba de, a prueba de agua — waterproof
a prueba de bomba(s) — (lit) bombproof, shellproof
prueba en carretera — (Aut) test drive
5) (Dep) (=disciplina) event; (=carrera) racela prueba individual — (Tenis) the singles
prueba campo a través — (Atletismo) cross-country race; (Hípica) cross-country trial
prueba de carretera — (Ciclismo) road race
prueba de relevos — relay, relay race
prueba de vallas — hurdles, hurdles race
prueba en ruta — (Ciclismo) road race
prueba por equipos — (Ciclismo) team trial
6) (Cos) fitting7) (Fot) print8) [de comida] (=acto) testing, sampling; (=cantidad) taste, sample10) pl pruebas (Tip) proofsprimeras pruebas — first proofs, galleys
* * *I1)a) (demostración, testimonio) proofno dio la menor prueba de estar sufriendo — he didn't give the slightest hint o indication that he was suffering
en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento — as a token of my gratitude
b) (Der) piece of evidence2) (Educ) test; (Cin) screen test, audition; (Teatr) audition3)a) (ensayo, experimento)b) ( circunstancia difícil)la enfermedad de su padre fue una dura prueba para ella — her father's illness was a testing time for her
c) (en locs)a prueba: tomar a alguien a prueba to take somebody on for a trial period; tener algo a prueba to have something on trial; poner algo a prueba to put something to the test; estás poniendo a prueba mi paciencia you're trying my patience; a prueba de: un reloj a prueba de golpes a shockproof watch; un dispositivo a prueba de ladrones a burglarproof mechanism; cristal a prueba de balas — bulletproof glass
d) ( en costura) fitting4) (Fot, Impr) proof5) (Dep)IIla prueba de los 1.500 metros — the 1,500 meters (event o race)
* * *= assaying, edit sheet, engraving, field trial, galley, page proof, proof slip, proofsheet, proving trial, trial, trial print, trial run, tangible evidence, reassurance, test, proof copy, proof, galley proof, proof sheet, lab test, test session, test drive, test run, modelling exercise, performance test, ordeal, audition, tryout.Ex. Suppose you have classified, by UDC, the document 'Select methods of metallurgical assaying', class number 669.9.Ex. To print MARC record edit sheets, press 'Alt F3', which means to press and hold down the 'Alt' key, followed by pressing the 'F3' key.Ex. An art print is an engraving, etching, lithograph, etc. printed from the plate prepared by the artist.Ex. Telidon was first demonstrated in 1978, and small-scale field trials videotex and teletext started in 1980.Ex. Final editing and corrections are done on this terminal, and galleys are sent to the customer.Ex. Catalogue cards are available for each item recorded in the weekly BNB, and for Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) records prepared from the page proofs of forthcoming titles.Ex. Since it seems clear that many libraries will not be automating, they will have to depend on traditional sources of cataloging data such as cards, proof slips, and book catalogs.Ex. Alternatively a library may receive proofsheets of every LC catalogue record, and make a selection from these when items arrive.Ex. Bureaux can be useful for proving trials, and the deferment of commitments until a suitable size of data base has been accumulated in the computer system.Ex. The intention was to determine which department within each library has the responsibility for arranging trials of products.Ex. Trial prints (proofs) of the formes were then made, and compared with the copy from which they had been set.Ex. This course can be taken by librarians as well as readers and its trial run started in 1987.Ex. The chairwoman of the board had decided that as part of the screening process those who had successfully survived the initial winnowing should furnish the board with tangible evidence of how they might perform on a specific assignment.Ex. Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.Ex. The suppliers claim that tests show this to be sufficient for 980 of all entries.Ex. One can only point to the efforts being made at BNB to produce cataloguing records as quickly as possible from proof copies if at all feasible.Ex. The catalogue has been automated since 1984, and further proof of the library's value and ability to move with the times are shown by its 8,400 plus individual members.Ex. Checking is carried out by comparison of the galley proof against the manuscript.Ex. These have the advantages of economy, and (if the subscriber desires) selectivity because the records on the proof sheets are divided into broad categories which can be obtained separately.Ex. The article 'Search engine showdown' reports the results of lab tests carried out on 7 major World Wide Web (WWW) search engines available free of charge on the Internet.Ex. A cognitive walkthrough consists of a re-enactment of a test session in which the user is queried about their movements and decisions throughout the test session.Ex. The author presents an evaluation of PatentView in terms of product information, search and retrieval facilities, documentation, and test drive.Ex. Test run results show that by taking advantage of the favourable properties of holography shorter response times are obtained.Ex. The modelling exercise would indicate which model was most economic and which was most cost-effective.Ex. The domains covered in the performance tests for the area of cosmetology were: hair cut, permanent wave, shampooing, wigs and hairpieces, skin care, hair conditioners (scalp and treatment), and manicuring.Ex. The article has the title ' Ordeals of a frustrated European intermediary with competitive intelligence searching'.Ex. Applicants may receive information regarding these auditions by sending a one-page written resume to this office no later than October 20, 2008.Ex. Nearly 200 players submitted applications to be considered for the tryouts and the pool was narrowed to 84.----* anterior a la prueba = pretrial.* antes de la prueba = pretest [pre-test].* a prueba = on trial.* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].* a prueba de inendios = fireproof [fire-proof].* a prueba de niños = childproof.* a prueba de robos = theft proof.* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].* a prueba de viento = windproof.* a toda prueba = unswerving.* banco de pruebas = testbed [test bed], benchmarking.* cada vez más pruebas = accumulating evidence.* carga de la prueba, la = burden of proof, the.* chaleco a prueba de balas = bullet-proof vest.* como prueba de = as a token of, as a sign of.* como prueba de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.* como prueba de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.* como prueba de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.* como pruebas = in evidence.* corrección de pruebas = proofreading, proof correction.* corrector de pruebas = proofreader, corrector.* corregir pruebas = proof, proofread.* corregir una prueba = correct + proof.* dar pruebas = provide + evidence.* demostrar Algo con pruebas = demonstrate + in print.* de prueba = on a trial basis, trial, probationary, on trial.* después de la prueba = posttest [post-test].* durante un período de prueba = on a trial basis.* encontrar pruebas = find + evidence.* en prueba = on trial.* existir pruebas de que = there + be + evidence that.* falta de pruebas = lack of evidence to the contrary.* hacer la prueba = give + it a whirl, give + it a shot, give + it a try.* hacer pruebas = prove + trials.* hacer una prueba = audition.* haciendo pruebas = trial and error.* las pruebas = the writing on the wall.* lugar de prueba alfa = alpha test site, alpha site.* lugar de prueba beta = beta test site.* lugar de pruebas = test site.* no superar la prueba de = not stand the test of.* oferta de prueba = trial offer.* pasar la prueba = pass + muster.* pasar una prueba = endure + ordeal, pass + a test, stand up.* pasar una prueba de sobra = pass with + flying colours.* período de prueba = probationary period, trial period, trial run, probation, period of probation, probation period.* peso de la prueba, el = burden of proof, the.* poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.* poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience, try + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.* poseer pruebas = have + evidence.* posterior a la prueba = post-test.* presentar las pruebas ante = lay + evidence before.* presentar pruebas = give + evidence.* programa de prueba beta = beta test programme.* proporcionar pruebas = provide + evidence.* prueba beta = beta test.* prueba cloze = cloze test.* prueba concluyente = conclusive evidence.* prueba de acidez = litmus test.* prueba de alcoholemia = breath test, alcohol testing.* prueba de antidopaje = drug testing.* prueba de antidoping = drug testing.* prueba decisiva = litmus test.* prueba de compra = proof of purchase.* prueba de desgaste = wear test.* prueba de detección de consumo de drogas = drug testing.* prueba de detección del cáncer = health facility, cancer screening.* prueba de fuego, la = acid test, the.* prueba de identidad = proof of identity.* prueba de laboratorio = lab test.* prueba de la densidad = density test.* prueba de la máxima proximidad = nearest neighbour test.* prueba del embarazo = pregnancy test.* prueba del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.* prueba del solapamiento = overlap test.* prueba de paternidad = paternity test.* prueba de prensa = press proof.* prueba de referencia = benchmark test.* prueba de rendimiento = benchmark, benchtest, achievement test, performance test.* prueba determinante = litmus test.* prueba de tornasol = litmus test.* prueba de validación = validation test.* prueba documental = documentary evidence.* prueba dura = ordeal.* prueba evidente = living proof.* prueba fehaciente = competent proof, living proof.* prueba final = final.* prueba inequívoca = ironclad proof.* prueba in situ = field test.* prueba nuclear = nuclear weapons testing.* prueba palpable = living proof.* prueba rápida = quiz form, quiz [quizzes, -pl.].* pruebas = evidence, proofs, testing.* pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.* pruebas circunstanciales = circumstantial evidence.* pruebas contundentes = hard evidence.* pruebas convincentes = convincing evidence.* pruebas de rendimiento = benchmarking.* pruebas en contra = evidence to the contrary.* pruebas forenses = forensic evidence.* pruebas indirectas = circumstantial evidence.* prueba sobre el terreno = field test, field trial.* pruebas previas = prior art.* prueba univariante = univariate test.* prueba viviente = living proof.* puesta a prueba = trying, piloting.* puesto a prueba = overstretched.* realizar una prueba = conduct + trial, take + test.* recoger pruebas = collect + evidence, gather + evidence, accumulate + evidence.* resultados de pruebas = test data.* sacar una prueba = pull + a proof.* ser la prueba de fuego de Algo = test + Nombre + to the limit.* ser prueba suficiente = be proof enough.* ser una prueba más de = strengthen + evidence.* someter a prueba = place + strain on.* terreno de pruebas = testing ground.* tira de prueba = test strip.* versión de prueba = test drive, trial version.* * *I1)a) (demostración, testimonio) proofno dio la menor prueba de estar sufriendo — he didn't give the slightest hint o indication that he was suffering
en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento — as a token of my gratitude
b) (Der) piece of evidence2) (Educ) test; (Cin) screen test, audition; (Teatr) audition3)a) (ensayo, experimento)b) ( circunstancia difícil)la enfermedad de su padre fue una dura prueba para ella — her father's illness was a testing time for her
c) (en locs)a prueba: tomar a alguien a prueba to take somebody on for a trial period; tener algo a prueba to have something on trial; poner algo a prueba to put something to the test; estás poniendo a prueba mi paciencia you're trying my patience; a prueba de: un reloj a prueba de golpes a shockproof watch; un dispositivo a prueba de ladrones a burglarproof mechanism; cristal a prueba de balas — bulletproof glass
d) ( en costura) fitting4) (Fot, Impr) proof5) (Dep)IIla prueba de los 1.500 metros — the 1,500 meters (event o race)
* * *= assaying, edit sheet, engraving, field trial, galley, page proof, proof slip, proofsheet, proving trial, trial, trial print, trial run, tangible evidence, reassurance, test, proof copy, proof, galley proof, proof sheet, lab test, test session, test drive, test run, modelling exercise, performance test, ordeal, audition, tryout.Ex: Suppose you have classified, by UDC, the document 'Select methods of metallurgical assaying', class number 669.9.
Ex: To print MARC record edit sheets, press 'Alt F3', which means to press and hold down the 'Alt' key, followed by pressing the 'F3' key.Ex: An art print is an engraving, etching, lithograph, etc. printed from the plate prepared by the artist.Ex: Telidon was first demonstrated in 1978, and small-scale field trials videotex and teletext started in 1980.Ex: Final editing and corrections are done on this terminal, and galleys are sent to the customer.Ex: Catalogue cards are available for each item recorded in the weekly BNB, and for Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) records prepared from the page proofs of forthcoming titles.Ex: Since it seems clear that many libraries will not be automating, they will have to depend on traditional sources of cataloging data such as cards, proof slips, and book catalogs.Ex: Alternatively a library may receive proofsheets of every LC catalogue record, and make a selection from these when items arrive.Ex: Bureaux can be useful for proving trials, and the deferment of commitments until a suitable size of data base has been accumulated in the computer system.Ex: The intention was to determine which department within each library has the responsibility for arranging trials of products.Ex: Trial prints (proofs) of the formes were then made, and compared with the copy from which they had been set.Ex: This course can be taken by librarians as well as readers and its trial run started in 1987.Ex: The chairwoman of the board had decided that as part of the screening process those who had successfully survived the initial winnowing should furnish the board with tangible evidence of how they might perform on a specific assignment.Ex: Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.Ex: The suppliers claim that tests show this to be sufficient for 980 of all entries.Ex: One can only point to the efforts being made at BNB to produce cataloguing records as quickly as possible from proof copies if at all feasible.Ex: The catalogue has been automated since 1984, and further proof of the library's value and ability to move with the times are shown by its 8,400 plus individual members.Ex: Checking is carried out by comparison of the galley proof against the manuscript.Ex: These have the advantages of economy, and (if the subscriber desires) selectivity because the records on the proof sheets are divided into broad categories which can be obtained separately.Ex: The article 'Search engine showdown' reports the results of lab tests carried out on 7 major World Wide Web (WWW) search engines available free of charge on the Internet.Ex: A cognitive walkthrough consists of a re-enactment of a test session in which the user is queried about their movements and decisions throughout the test session.Ex: The author presents an evaluation of PatentView in terms of product information, search and retrieval facilities, documentation, and test drive.Ex: Test run results show that by taking advantage of the favourable properties of holography shorter response times are obtained.Ex: The modelling exercise would indicate which model was most economic and which was most cost-effective.Ex: The domains covered in the performance tests for the area of cosmetology were: hair cut, permanent wave, shampooing, wigs and hairpieces, skin care, hair conditioners (scalp and treatment), and manicuring.Ex: The article has the title ' Ordeals of a frustrated European intermediary with competitive intelligence searching'.Ex: Applicants may receive information regarding these auditions by sending a one-page written resume to this office no later than October 20, 2008.Ex: Nearly 200 players submitted applications to be considered for the tryouts and the pool was narrowed to 84.* anterior a la prueba = pretrial.* antes de la prueba = pretest [pre-test].* a prueba = on trial.* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].* a prueba de inendios = fireproof [fire-proof].* a prueba de niños = childproof.* a prueba de robos = theft proof.* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].* a prueba de viento = windproof.* a toda prueba = unswerving.* banco de pruebas = testbed [test bed], benchmarking.* cada vez más pruebas = accumulating evidence.* carga de la prueba, la = burden of proof, the.* chaleco a prueba de balas = bullet-proof vest.* como prueba de = as a token of, as a sign of.* como prueba de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.* como prueba de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.* como prueba de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.* como pruebas = in evidence.* corrección de pruebas = proofreading, proof correction.* corrector de pruebas = proofreader, corrector.* corregir pruebas = proof, proofread.* corregir una prueba = correct + proof.* dar pruebas = provide + evidence.* demostrar Algo con pruebas = demonstrate + in print.* de prueba = on a trial basis, trial, probationary, on trial.* después de la prueba = posttest [post-test].* durante un período de prueba = on a trial basis.* encontrar pruebas = find + evidence.* en prueba = on trial.* existir pruebas de que = there + be + evidence that.* falta de pruebas = lack of evidence to the contrary.* hacer la prueba = give + it a whirl, give + it a shot, give + it a try.* hacer pruebas = prove + trials.* hacer una prueba = audition.* haciendo pruebas = trial and error.* las pruebas = the writing on the wall.* lugar de prueba alfa = alpha test site, alpha site.* lugar de prueba beta = beta test site.* lugar de pruebas = test site.* no superar la prueba de = not stand the test of.* oferta de prueba = trial offer.* pasar la prueba = pass + muster.* pasar una prueba = endure + ordeal, pass + a test, stand up.* pasar una prueba de sobra = pass with + flying colours.* período de prueba = probationary period, trial period, trial run, probation, period of probation, probation period.* peso de la prueba, el = burden of proof, the.* poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.* poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience, try + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.* poseer pruebas = have + evidence.* posterior a la prueba = post-test.* presentar las pruebas ante = lay + evidence before.* presentar pruebas = give + evidence.* programa de prueba beta = beta test programme.* proporcionar pruebas = provide + evidence.* prueba beta = beta test.* prueba cloze = cloze test.* prueba concluyente = conclusive evidence.* prueba de acidez = litmus test.* prueba de alcoholemia = breath test, alcohol testing.* prueba de antidopaje = drug testing.* prueba de antidoping = drug testing.* prueba decisiva = litmus test.* prueba de compra = proof of purchase.* prueba de desgaste = wear test.* prueba de detección de consumo de drogas = drug testing.* prueba de detección del cáncer = health facility, cancer screening.* prueba de fuego, la = acid test, the.* prueba de identidad = proof of identity.* prueba de laboratorio = lab test.* prueba de la densidad = density test.* prueba de la máxima proximidad = nearest neighbour test.* prueba del embarazo = pregnancy test.* prueba del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.* prueba del solapamiento = overlap test.* prueba de paternidad = paternity test.* prueba de prensa = press proof.* prueba de referencia = benchmark test.* prueba de rendimiento = benchmark, benchtest, achievement test, performance test.* prueba determinante = litmus test.* prueba de tornasol = litmus test.* prueba de validación = validation test.* prueba documental = documentary evidence.* prueba dura = ordeal.* prueba evidente = living proof.* prueba fehaciente = competent proof, living proof.* prueba final = final.* prueba inequívoca = ironclad proof.* prueba in situ = field test.* prueba nuclear = nuclear weapons testing.* prueba palpable = living proof.* prueba rápida = quiz form, quiz [quizzes, -pl.].* pruebas = evidence, proofs, testing.* pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.* pruebas circunstanciales = circumstantial evidence.* pruebas contundentes = hard evidence.* pruebas convincentes = convincing evidence.* pruebas de rendimiento = benchmarking.* pruebas en contra = evidence to the contrary.* pruebas forenses = forensic evidence.* pruebas indirectas = circumstantial evidence.* prueba sobre el terreno = field test, field trial.* pruebas previas = prior art.* prueba univariante = univariate test.* prueba viviente = living proof.* puesta a prueba = trying, piloting.* puesto a prueba = overstretched.* realizar una prueba = conduct + trial, take + test.* recoger pruebas = collect + evidence, gather + evidence, accumulate + evidence.* resultados de pruebas = test data.* sacar una prueba = pull + a proof.* ser la prueba de fuego de Algo = test + Nombre + to the limit.* ser prueba suficiente = be proof enough.* ser una prueba más de = strengthen + evidence.* someter a prueba = place + strain on.* terreno de pruebas = testing ground.* tira de prueba = test strip.* versión de prueba = test drive, trial version.* * *A1(demostración, señal): te ha llamado, eso es prueba de que le caes bien he called you, that shows o that proves he likes you, he called you, that's a sure sign that he likes youno había estudiado nada, la prueba está en que no contestó ni una pregunta it was quite clear o evident that he hadn't done any studying, he didn't answer a single questiondio constantes pruebas de su lealtad he proved his loyalty over and over againno dio la menor prueba de estar sufriendo he didn't give the slightest hint o indication that he was sufferingacepta este regalo en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento accept this gift as a token of my gratitude2 ( Der)(cosa, argumento): retiraron la acusación por falta de pruebas the charge was withdrawn owing to lack of evidenceno hay pruebas de que eso sea verdad there's no proof that that's truetendrá que presentar pruebas de ello he will have to provide evidence to prove it, he'll have to prove itesta nueva prueba this new (piece of) evidenceesto es prueba concluyente de que nos mintió this is conclusive proof that he lied to usa las pruebas me remito this/that proves it3 ( Mat):hacer la prueba de una operación to check one's calculationsCompuestos:circumstantial evidenceproof of purchasela prueba del absurdo reductio ad absurdumfpl material evidenceCompuestos:aptitude testacid testes un papel verdaderamente difícil, que va a ser su prueba de fuego como actor it's a really difficult part, which will be the acid test of his acting abilityplacement test, grading testC1(ensayo, experimento): ¿qué pasa si aprietas este botón? — no sé, hagamos la prueba what happens if you press this button? — I don't know, let's try it and see¿por qué no haces la prueba de dejarlo en remojo? why don't you try leaving it to soak?¡mira que te pego! — ¿a ver? ¡haz la prueba! (CS fam); I'll hit you! — oh yeah? let's see you try! ( colloq)2 ( en locs):a prueba: no tenía experiencia pero lo tomaron a prueba he had no experience but they took him on for a trial period o on probationtenemos esta fotocopiadora a prueba we have this photocopier on trialllévelo a prueba take it on trial o on approvalponer algo a prueba to put sth to the testestás poniendo a prueba mi paciencia you're trying my patiencea prueba de: un reloj a prueba de golpes a shockproof watchun dispositivo a prueba de ladrones a burglarproof mechanisma prueba de niños ( hum); childproofcristal a prueba de balas bulletproof glassdio unos argumentos a prueba de balas she put forward some rock solid o cast-iron arguments3 (en costura) fittingCompuestos:laboratory trial o test● prueba del alcohol or de la alcoholemiapregnancy testnuclear test● prueba patrón or de referenciabenchmarkhacer la prueba patrón or de referencia to benchmarkfpl weapons testingcorregir pruebas to proofreadCompuestos:artist's proof● prueba de galera or imprentagalley proofE1 ( Dep):en las pruebas de clasificación in the qualifying heatsla prueba de los 1.500 metros the 1,500 meters event o race, the 1,500 meterslas pruebas de descenso the downhill events2 ( AmL) (ejercicio) feat, actCompuesto:road race* * *
Del verbo probar: ( conjugate probar)
prueba es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
probar
prueba
probar ( conjugate probar) verbo transitivo
1 ( demostrar) ‹teoría/inocencia› to prove
2
( por primera vez) to try
‹coche/mecanismo› to try out
pruebale algo A algn to try sth on sb
‹arma/vehículo› to test (out)
verbo intransitivo ( intentar) to try;
prueba A hacer algo to try doing sth
probarse verbo pronominal ‹ropa/zapatos› to try on
prueba sustantivo femenino
1
eso es prueba de que le caes bien that proves he likes you;
en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento as a token of my gratitudeb) (Der) piece of evidence
2 (Educ) test;
(Cin) screen test, audition;
(Teatr) audition
3
prueba de la alcoholemia Breathalyzer® test, sobriety test (AmE), drunkometer test (AmE);
prueba del embarazo pregnancy testb) ( en locs)◊ a prueba: tomar a algn a prueba to take sb on for a trial period;
tener algo a prueba to have sth on trial;
poner algo a prueba to put sth to the test;
a prueba de golpes/de balas shockproof/bulletproof
4 (Fot, Impr) proof;
5 (Dep):
la prueba de los 1.500 metros the 1,500 meters (event o race)
probar
I verbo transitivo
1 (una teoría, un hecho) to prove
2 (una máquina, un aparato, etc) to test
3 (comida, bebida) to try
(sabor, etc) to taste: no prueba el alcohol, he never touches alcohol
II vi (intentar) to try ➣ Ver nota en try
prueba sustantivo femenino
1 proof
corregir pruebas, to proofread
como prueba de mi amistad, as a sign of my friendship
2 (experimento, examen, etc) test, trial
poner algo a prueba, to put sthg to the test: puso a prueba mi paciencia, she put my patience to the test
figurado la prueba de fuego, the acid test
prueba de alcoholemia, sobriety test, Breathalyzer(tm) test
3 (competición) event
4 Jur piece of evidence: no tienes pruebas, you have no evidence
♦ Locuciones: a prueba (en un trabajo) on trial: le cogieron quince días a prueba, they took him on for a two-week trial period
a prueba de: a prueba de balas, bulletproof
a prueba de golpes, shockproof
' prueba' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acceso
- alcoholemia
- cala
- comprometedor
- comprometedora
- constancia
- ensayo
- escarceo
- estrellarse
- indicio
- preliminar
- presentarse
- probar
- psicotécnica
- psicotécnico
- selectividad
- someter
- suficiencia
- terminante
- testimonio
- admisión
- audición
- bala
- concluyente
- contundente
- convivencia
- corregir
- correr
- decisivo
- delator
- documental
- ejercicio
- evaluación
- exigente
- fondo
- individual
- justificación
- muestra
- otro
- pasar
- preparar
- puntaje
- puntuar
- resistencia
- superar
English:
acid test
- aptitude test
- audition
- burden
- childproof
- contest
- demonstration
- discovery
- dummy run
- event
- exhibit
- fitting
- idiot-proof
- positive
- preponderance
- probation
- proof
- qualifying
- shellproof
- shockproof
- shred
- strain
- tax
- test
- test drive
- test run
- touch
- trial
- try
- windproof
- air
- approval
- bear
- Breathalyzer
- cast
- endurance
- failing
- go
- heat
- litmus
- one
- over
- pace
- pilot
- probationary
- quiz
- screen
- see
- sobriety
- token
* * *♦ nf1. [demostración] proof;no existe ninguna prueba de que haya copiado en el examen there is no proof that he copied during the exam;dio pruebas irrefutables de que era inocente she gave irrefutable proof of her innocence, she proved beyond doubt that she was innocent;no tengo pruebas I have no proof;¡ahí tienes la prueba! that proves it!2. Der piece of evidence;pruebas evidence, proof;fue absuelto por falta de pruebas he was acquitted owing to a lack of evidence;presentar pruebas to submit evidence;a las pruebas me remito the evidence will bear me outpruebas indiciarias circumstantial evidence;pruebas de indicios circumstantial evidence;pruebas instrumentales documentary evidence3. [manifestación, señal] sign;eso es prueba de que les importa this proves they care, this is a sign that they care;a mitad de carrera empezó a dar pruebas de cansancio halfway through the race she started to show signs of tiring;le hice el regalo como prueba de agradecimiento/mi amor I gave her the present as a token of my gratitude/love4. [examen académico] test;el examen consta de una prueba escrita y otra oral the exam has an oral part and a written partprueba de acceso entrance examination;prueba de aptitud aptitude test5. [comprobación, ensayo, experimento] test;hicimos la prueba de cambiar las pilas we tried changing the batteries;¡haga usted la prueba! try it and see!;hacerle a alguien una prueba to test sb, to give sb a test;RP Famhacer la prueba: te voy a abandonar para siempre – hacé la prueba I'm going to walk out and leave you for good – go on, then!prueba del ADN DNA test;prueba del alcohol Breathalyser® test;hacer la prueba del alcohol a alguien to breathalyse sb;prueba antidopaje drugs test;prueba antidoping drugs test;hacer la prueba antidoping a alguien to test sb for drugs;prueba del embarazo pregnancy test;hacerse la prueba del embarazo to take a pregnancy test;Fig la prueba de fuego the acid test;prueba nuclear nuclear test;pruebas nucleares nuclear testing;prueba de (la) paternidad paternity test;prueba de resistencia endurance test;la prueba del sida AIDS test;hacerle a alguien la prueba del sida to test sb for AIDS;hacerse la prueba del sida to have an AIDS test;prueba de sonido sound check6. [trance] ordeal, trial;la distancia fue una dura prueba para su relación being separated really put their relationship to the test7. Dep event;la prueba de los 110 metros vallas the 110 metres hurdles;la prueba de lanzamiento de jabalina the javelin;una prueba ciclista a cycling raceprueba clásica classic;prueba clasificatoria heat;prueba eliminatoria heat;prueba de saltos [de equitación] show jumping (competition)8. Imprenta proof;corregir pruebas, hacer corrección de pruebas to proofreadprueba positiva print10. Am [ejercicio] acrobatic feat♦ a prueba loc adj[trabajador] on probation; [producto comprado] on trial o approval;poner a prueba la paciencia de alguien to try sb's patience;poner algo/a alguien a prueba to put sth/sb to the test;fe a toda prueba unshakeable faith;* * *f1 tb TIP proof;en prueba de as proof of;dar pruebas de prove, give proof of2 JUR piece of evidence;por falta de pruebas for lack of evidence3 DEP event4 EDU test;admisión entrance exam:a prueba de bala bulletproof;a prueba de agua waterproof;a prueba de aire airtight;a prueba de fuego fireproof;a prueba de choques shock-resistant;poner algo a prueba put sth to the test* * *prueba nf1) : proof, evidence2) : trial, test3) : proof (in printing or photography)4) : event, qualifying round (in sports)5)a prueba de agua : waterproof6)prueba de fuego : acid test7)poner a prueba : to put to the test* * *prueba n1. (examen, análisis) test2. (en deportes) event3. (testimonio) proof -
90 ser fácil
v.1 to be easy, to be hardly difficult.La actuación es fácil Acting is easy.2 to be easy to.Es fácil hacer cosas de papel It is easy to make things out of paper.* * *(v.) = be easyEx. It can be easy if you think about what is recyclable before you throw it away.* * *(v.) = be easyEx: It can be easy if you think about what is recyclable before you throw it away.
-
91 доходить
дойти1. (до) reach (on foot) (d.)не доходя (до) — (just) before one comes (to), before one reaches (d.)
доходить до кого-л. ( становиться известным) — reach smb.'s ears
игра не доходит до зрителя — the acting does not touch / move the audience
4. (до; достигать какого-л. предела) reach (d.), amount (to)расходы доходят до 5000 рублей — the expenses amount to, или total, five thousand roubles
доходить до нелепости — fall* run* into absurdity
доходить до бешенства — fly* into a rage
доходить до слёз, драки — end in tears, in a fight
♢
доходить своим ухом — think* out for oneselfруки до этого не доходят — I have, he has, etc., no time for it
-
92 froid
froid, e [fʀwa, fʀwad]1. adjective2. masculine noun► à froid• « laver or lavage à froid » "wash in cold water"b. ( = brouille) coolness* * *
1.
froide fʀwɑ, fʀwɑd adjectif1) ( à basse température) cold2) fig [personne, lumière, beauté] cold; [accueil, manières, ton] cool; [humour] deadpan; [colère] controlledlaisser froid — to leave [somebody] cold
2.
nom masculin1) ( basse température) coldattraper or prendre froid — to catch a cold
coup de froid — Médecine chill
2) ( distance) coldnessjeter un froid — to cast a chill (dans, sur over)
3.
à froid locution adverbiale••il fait un froid de canard — (colloq) it is bitterly cold
avoir/faire or donner froid dans le dos — to feel/to send a shiver down the spine
* * *fʀwa, fʀwad froid, -e1. adj1) (température, saison, appartement, plat) cold2) fig (personne, attitude, couleur) coldÇa me laisse froid. — It leaves me cold.
2. nm1) (= sensation, température) coldprendre froid — to catch a chill, to catch a cold
2) (= malaise) (dans une relation) coolness no plIl y un certain froid entre eux depuis l'affaire de Muriel. — There's been a certain coolness between them since the Muriel thing.
* * *A adj2 ( sans chaleur) [personne, lumière, beauté, couleur, voix, objectivité] cold; [accueil, manières, réponse] cool; [ton, rapport, mots, observateur, œil] dispassionate; [haine] callous; [monstre] cold-blooded; [humour] deadpan; [rage, colère] controlled; être froid avec qn to be cool toward(s) sb; laisser froid to leave [sb] cold; rester froid devant to remain unmoved by.B adv il fait froid it's cold.C nm1 ( basse température) cold; il fait un de ces froids it's freezing cold; froid vif biting cold; à l'abri du froid sheltered from the cold; engourdi par le froid numb with cold; sortir dans le froid to go out in the cold; se protéger contre le froid to protect oneself against the cold; avoir froid to be cold; avoir froid aux pieds to have cold feet; attraper or prendre froid to catch a cold; mourir de froid lit ( dehors) to die of exposure; ( sous un toit) to die of cold; fig to be freezing to death; venir du froid to come in from the cold; coup de froid Méd chill; Météo cold snap; être/rester au froid to be/to stay in the cold; conserver au froid keep in a cool place; ⇒ grand, souffler;2 ( distance) coldness; le froid de ton regard the coldness of your stare; il y a un certain froid dans nos relations there's a certain coolness in our relationship; ils sont en froid avec moi/la France relations between them and me/France are strained; jeter un froid to cast a chill (dans, sur over); il y a eu comme un froid it was as if a chill had been cast over everything.D à froid loc adv1 Tech coulée/vulcanisation/étirage/laminage/démarrage à froid cold casting/vulcanization/drawing/rolling/start;2 ( sans préparation) spontaneous; plaisanterie/provocation à froid spontaneous joke/provocation;3 ( sans passion) analyse/sondage/discussion à froid impartial analysis/poll/discussion;4 Méd opérer à froid to perform non-critical surgery.froid industriel Ind refrigeration.battre froid à qn to cold-shoulder sb; il fait un froid de canard or de loup it is bitterly cold; faire froid dans le cœur to sadden one's heart; avoir/faire or donner froid dans le dos to feel/send a shiver down the spine; ne pas avoir froid aux yeux to be fearless; garder la tête froide to keep a cool head.1. [boisson, temps, moteur] cold2. [indifférent - personne] cold, insensitive, unfeeling ; [ - tempérament] cold ; [ - accueil] cold, chilly ; [ - réponse] cold, cool ; [ - attitude] cold, unfriendlyton/regard froid hostile tone/staredevant ce spectacle, il est resté froid he was unmoved by the sightstyle froid bloodless ou cold stylela piste est froide the scent is cold, the trail's gone dead————————nom masculin1. [température]a. [climat] cold weather, the coldb. [air] the cold (air)coup de froid cold spell ou snapil fait un froid de canard ou sibérien it's freezing ou bitterly cold2. [sensation]avoir froid to be ou to feel coldça me donne froid dans le dos it makes my blood run cold, it sends shivers down my spineune histoire qui fait froid dans le dos a chilling ou creepy storyil n'a pas froid aux yeux he's bold ou plucky3. [malaise]————————adverbeen janvier, il fait froid the weather's cold in Januaryboire froid [habituellement] to drink cold drinks————————à froid locution adjectivale→ link=opération opération————————à froid locution adverbiale2. [sans préparation]prendre quelqu'un à froid to catch somebody unawares ou off guard3. MÉTALLURGIE cold4. MÉDECINEintervenir ou opérer à froid to operate between attacks -
93 gens
gens [ʒɑ̃]1. plural masculine nouna. people• les gens sont fous ! people are crazy!• les gens du pays or du coin (inf) the local peopleb. (avec accord féminin de l'adjectif antéposé) ce sont de petites gens they are people of modest means• vieilles/braves gens old/good people2. compounds► les gens du voyage ( = gitans) travellers* * *ʒɑ̃nom masculin pluriel1) ( personnes) peopleles gens du coin — the local people, the locals péj
2) ( domestiques) servants, household (sg); ( escorte) retinue (sg)•Phrasal Verbs:
••
When used with gens, the adjectives bon, mauvais, petit, vieux, vilain are placed before gens and in the feminine: (toutes) les vieilles gens. But the gender of gens itself does not change: les bonnes gens sont heureux. All other adjectives behave normally: (tous) les braves gens* * *ʒɛ̃s nmplpeople pl* * *I.gens nmpl1 ( personnes) people; il y a des gens qui… there are (some) people who…; que pensent les gens? what do people think?; les gens de la ville town ou city dwellers; les gens de la campagne country people ou folk; les gens du coin the local people, the locals péj; les gens sans histoires ordinary people; des tas○ de gens loads of○ people; la plupart des gens most people; les gens heureux happy people; les vieilles gens old people; tous les braves gens all good people; toutes les mauvaises gens all bad people; écoutez bonnes gens‡ hark ye here, good people‡;gens d'affaires business people; gens d'armes men at arms; gens de cour courtiers; gens d'église clergymen; gens d'épée soldiers; gens de lettres writers; gens de loi lawyers; gens de maison servants; gens du monde polite society; gens de robe lawyers; gens de théâtre actors; gens du voyage travelling people. When used with gens, the adjectives bon, mauvais, petit, vieux, vilain are placed before gens and in the feminine: (toutes) les vieilles gens. But the gender of gens itself does not change: les bonnes gens sont heureux. All other adjectives behave normally: (tous) les braves gens.II.I[ʒɑ̃] nom masculin pluriel & nom féminin pluriel1. [personnes] (adjectif au féminin si placé avant; adjectif au masculin si placé après) peopleles vieilles gens old people, old folkbeaucoup de gens many people, a lot of peoplegens de la campagne country folk ou peopleles gens d'ici people from around here, the localsdes gens simples ordinary folk ou peopleles gens de la ville townspeople, townsfolkles bonnes gens murmurent que... people are saying ou whispering that...2. [corporation]comme disent les gens du métier as the experts ou the professionals sayles gens d'Église clergymen, the clergy, the clothgens de maison servants, domestic staffgens du spectacle stage ou showbusiness peoplea. [artistes] travelling players ou performersb. [gitans] travellersII[ʒɛ̃s] ( pluriel gentes [ʒɛ̃tɛs]) nom féminin[groupe de familles] gens -
94 कल्प
kálpa
proper, fit, able, competent, equal to (with gen. loc., inf., orᅠ ifc.;
e.g.. dharmasyakalpaḥ, competent for duty;
svakarmaṇinakalpaḥ, not competent for his own work;
yadānaṡāsituṉkalpaḥ, if he is not able to rule) BhP. ;
m. a sacred precept, law, rule, ordinance (= vidhi, nyāya), manner of acting, proceeding, practice (esp. that prescribed by the Vedas)
RV. IX, 9, 7 AV. VIII, 9, 10; XX, 128, 6-11 MBh. ;
( prathamaḥkalpaḥ, a rule to be observed before any other rule, first duty Mn. III, 147 MBh. etc.. ;
etenakalpena, in this way;
cf. paṡu-k-, etc.);
the most complete of the six Vedāṇgas (that which prescribes the ritual andᅠ gives rules for ceremonial orᅠ sacrificial acts) MuṇḍUp. Pāṇ. etc.;
one of two cases, one side of an argument, an alternative (= paksha;
cf. vikalpa) Sarvad. ;
investigation, research Comm. on Sāṃkhyak. ;
resolve, determination MW. ;
(in medic.) treatment of the sick, manner of curing Suṡr. II ;
the art of preparing medicine, pharmacy Car. ;
the doctrine of poisons andᅠ antidotes Suṡr. I ;
(ifc.) having the manner orᅠ form of anything, similar to, resembling, like but with a degree of inferiority, almost (e.g.. abhedya-kalpa, almost impenetrable;
cf. prabhāta-k-, mṛita-k-, etc.;
according to native grammarians, kalpa so used is an accentless affix Pāṇ. 5-3, 67,
before which a final s is left unchanged, andᅠ final ī andᅠ ū shortened Pāṇ. Vop. ;
kalpam ind., may be alsoᅠ connected with a verb e.g.. pacati-kalpam, he cooks pretty well Kāṡ. on Pāṇ. 8-1, 57);
a fabulous period of time (a day of Brahmā. orᅠ one thousand Yugas, a period of four thousand, three hundred andᅠ twenty millions of years of mortals, measuring the duration of the world;
a month of Brahmā. is supposed to contain thirty such Kalpas;
according to the MBh., twelve months of Brahmā. constitute his year, andᅠ one hundred such years his lifetime;
fifty years of Brahmā. 's are supposed to have elapsed, andᅠ we are now in the ṡvetavārāha-kalpa of the fifty-first;
at the end of a Kalpa the world is annihilated;
hence kalpa is said to be equal to kalpâ̱nta below L. ;
with Buddhists the Kalpas are not of equal duration) VP. BhP. Rājat. etc.;
N. of Mantras which contain a form of kḷī TS. V ṠBr. IX ;
a kind of dance;
N. of the first astrological mansion VarBṛS. ;
N. of a son of Dhruva andᅠ Bhrami BhP. IV, 10, 1 ;
of Ṡiva MBh. XII, 10368 ;
the tree of paradise;
= - taru below L. ;
(with Jainas) a particular abode of deities (cf. - bhava andᅠ kalpâ̱tīta below);
(am) n. a kind of intoxicating liquor (incorrect for kalya) L. ;
- कल्पकार
- कल्पकेडार
- कल्पक्षय
- कल्पगा
- कल्पचिन्तामणि
- कल्पतन्त्र
- कल्पतरु
- कल्पता
- कल्पदूष्य
- कल्पद्रु
- कल्पद्रुम
- कल्पद्रुमीभू
- कल्पद्वीप
- कल्पधेनु
- कल्पनृत्य
- कल्पपादप
- कल्पपाल
- कल्पप्रदीप
- कल्पप्रदीपिका
- कल्पभव
- कल्पमहीरुह्
- कल्पमहीरुह
- कल्पमात्र
- कल्पयुक्ति
- कल्पलता
- कल्पलतावतार
- कल्पलतिका
- कल्पवट
- कल्पवर्ष
- कल्पवल्ली
- कल्पवायु
- कल्पविटपिन्
- कल्पविधि
- कल्पविवरण
- कल्पवृक्ष
- कल्पशत
- कल्पशाखिन्
- कल्पसिद्धान्त
- कल्पसूत्र
- कल्पस्थान
- कल्पाग्नि
- कल्पाङ्क
- कल्पातीत
- कल्पादि
- कल्पाधिकारिन्
- कल्पानुपद
- कल्पान्त
- कल्पान्तर
- कल्पेतर
- कल्पोत्थायिन्
- कल्पोपनिषद्-
kalpa2) Nom. Ā. - pāyate, to become a Kalpa, to appear as long as a Kalpa Hcar.
-
95 like
I 1. adjective1) (resembling) wiein a case like that — in so einem Fall
there was nothing like it — es gab nichts Vergleichbares
what is somebody/something like? — wie ist jemand/etwas?
that's [a bit] more like it — (coll.): (better) das ist schon [etwas] besser; (coll.): (nearer the truth) das stimmt schon eher
they are nothing like each other — sie sind sich (Dat.) nicht im geringsten ähnlich
nothing like as or so good/bad/many etc. as... — bei weitem nicht so gut/schlecht/viele usw. wie...
2) (characteristic of) typisch für [dich, ihn usw.]it's just like you to be late! — du musst natürlich wieder zu spät kommen!
3) (similar) ähnlichbe as like as two peas in a pod — sich (Dat.) gleichen wie ein Ei dem andern
2. prepositionlike father, like son — (prov.) der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm (Spr.)
(in the manner of) wie3. conjunction[just] like that — [einfach] so
(coll.)1) (in same or similar manner as) wiehe is not shy like he used to be — er ist nicht mehr so schüchtern wie früher
2) (coll.): (for example) etwa; beispielsweise4. noun1) (equal)his/her like — seines-/ihresgleichen
II 1. transitive verbthe likes of me/you — (coll.) meines-/deinesgleichen
(be fond of, wish for) mögenlike it or not — ob es dir/ihm usw. gefällt oder nicht
like vegetables — Gemüse mögen; gern Gemüse essen
would you like a drink/to borrow the book? — möchtest du etwas trinken/dir das Buch leihen?
would you like me to do it? — möchtest du, dass ich es tue?
I'd like it back soon — ich hätte es gern bald zurück
I didn't like to disturb you — ich wollte dich nicht stören
I like that! — (iron.) so was hab' ich gern! (ugs. iron.)
2. noun, in pl.if you like — (expr. assent) wenn du willst od. möchtest; (expr. limited assent) wenn man so will
* * *I 1. adjective(the same or similar: They're as like as two peas.) wie2. preposition(the same as or similar to; in the same or a similar way as: He climbs like a cat; She is like her mother.) wie3. noun(someone or something which is the same or as good etc as another: You won't see his like / their like again.) der/die/das Gleiche4. conjunction((especially American) in the same or a similar way as: No-one does it like he does.) so wie- academic.ru/43012/likely">likely- likelihood
- liken
- likeness
- likewise
- like-minded
- a likely story! - as likely as not
- be like someone
- feel like
- he is likely to
- look like
- not likely! II verb1) (to be pleased with; to find pleasant or agreeable: I like him very much; I like the way you've decorated this room.) mögen2) (to enjoy: I like gardening.) mögen•- likeable- likable
- liking
- should/would like
- take a liking to* * *like1[laɪk]I. prep1. (similar to) wie\like most people wie die meisten Leute\like father, \like son wie der Vater, so der Sohnshe smokes \like a chimney sie raucht wie ein Schlot famwhat was your holiday \like? wie war dein Urlaub?what does it taste \like? wie schmeckt es?what's it \like to be a fisherman? wie ist das Leben als Fischer?you're acting \like a complete idiot! du benimmst dich wie ein Vollidiot!it feels \like ages since we last spoke ich habe das Gefühl, wir haben schon ewig nicht mehr miteinander gesprochenhe looks \like his brother er sieht seinem Bruder ähnlichhe's going to grow big \like his father er wird so groß wie sein Vater werdenhe's been looking for someone \like her er hat so jemanden wie sie gesuchtshe looked nothing \like the Queen sie sah überhaupt nicht wie die Queen aushe's nothing \like as fat as his father er ist noch lange nicht so dick wie sein Vaterthere were nothing \like enough people dort waren viel zu wenig Leutethere's nothing \like a good cup of coffee es geht doch nichts über eine gute Tasse Kaffeeor something \like that oder etwas in der Richtungjust \like sb/sth genau wie jd/etwthat's just \like him! das sieht ihm ähnlich!you've already got a shirt that's just \like it? du hast genau dasselbe Hemd schon einmal?▪ to be \like sb/sth wie jd/etw seinwhat colour did you want? — is it anything \like this? welche Farbe wollten Sie? — ungefähr wie diese hier?2. (such as) wienatural materials \like cotton and wool Naturstoffe wie Baumwolle oder Schafwollewhy are you talking to me \like that? warum sprichst du so mit mir?3. (normal for)▪ to be \like/not be \like sb to do sth:that's just \like Patricia to be late! das sieht Patricia wieder ähnlich, zu spät zu kommen!4.▶ it looks \like rain/snow es sieht nach Regen/Schnee aus▶ that's more \like it! das ist schon besser!1. (the same as) wie\like I said wie ich schon sagtedo it \like I do mach es so wie ichlet's go swimming in the lake \like we used to lass uns im See schwimmen gehen wie früher2. (as if) als obit sounds to me \like you ought to change jobs das hört sich für mich so an, als solltest du den Job wechselnyou look \like you've just got out of bed du siehst aus, als wärst du gerade aufgestandenit looks \like it's going to rain es sieht nach Regen ausshe acts \like she's the boss sie tut so, als sei sie die Chefinhe spoke \like he was foreign er sprach, als wäre er ein AusländerIII. nI have not seen his \like for many years [so] jemanden wie ihn habe ich schon seit vielen Jahren nicht mehr gesehenhave you ever seen the \like? hast du so was schon gesehen?I don't like politicians and their \like ich kann Politiker und dergleichen nicht ausstehen; ( fam)you'll never be able to go out with the \likes of him! mit so einem wie ihm wirst du nie ausgehen!in \like manner auf gleiche Weise, gleichermaßento be of [a] \like mind gleicher Meinung seinit was kind of funny \like es war irgendwie schon komisch, neif there's nothing you can do to change the situation, it's \like... why bother? also, warum sich aufregen, wenn man die Situation sowieso nicht ändern kann? fameverybody called her Annie and my mom was \like “it's Anne” alle sagten zu ihr Annie, aber meine Mutter meinte: „sie heißt Anne!“I was like, “what are you guys doing here?” ich sagte nur, „was macht ihr hier eigentlich?“he was \like, totally off his rocker er stand völlig neben sich fam, er war so total neben der Kappe BRD sl4.to do sth [as] \like as not etw sehr wahrscheinlich tunlike2[laɪk]I. vt1. (enjoy)▪ to \like sb/sth jdn/etw mögenhow do you \like my new shoes? wie gefallen dir meine neuen Schuhe?I \like it when... ich hab's gern [o mag es], wenn...I \like the way he just assumes we'll listen to him when he doesn't take in a word anyone else says! das hab ich ja vielleicht gern! — wir sollen ihm zuhören, aber was andere sagen, das geht ihm zum einen Ohr rein und zum anderen wieder rausI \like that! na, das hab ich gern! iron2. (want)wether you like it or not ob es dir passt oder nicht, ob du willst oder nicht▪ sb would/should \like sth jd hätte gerne etwwould you \like a drink? möchten Sie etwas trinken?▪ sb would/should \like to do sth jd möchte etw tun [o hätte gern[e] etw getan]I should really \like to see you again ich möchte dich wirklich gern[e] wiedersehenI'd \like to go to Moscow for my holidays ich würde gern[e] nach Moskau in Urlaub fahrenwould you \like to join us for dinner tonight? möchten Sie heute Abend mit uns essen?I'd \like to see him bring up children and go to work at the same time ich möchte wirklich [ein]mal sehen, wie er das machen würde — die Kinder großziehen und dann auch noch zur Arbeit gehenyou can drink a pint in two seconds? I'd \like to see that! du kannst einen halben Liter in zwei Sekunden austrinken? na, das möchte ich [doch mal] sehen!▪ sb would/should \like sb to do sth jd möchte, dass jd etw tutI'd \like you to send this for me first class könnten Sie das als Sonderzustellung für mich verschicken?would you \like me to take you in the car? kann ich Sie ein Stück mitnehmen?▪ sb would/should \like sth done jd möchte, dass etw getan wirdI would \like the whole lot finished by the weekend ich hätte das Ganze gern[e] bis zum Wochenende fertig3. (prefer)he \likes his steak rare er isst sein Steak gern englischhow do you \like your tea? wie magst du deinen Tee?/wie trinken Sie Ihren Tee?I \like to get up early ich stehe gerne früh aufshe \likes her men big sie mag [lieber] große Männer4. (feel)how would you \like to have a big boy pull your hair? wie würde es dir denn gefallen, wenn ein großer Junge dich am Haar ziehen würde?II. vias you \like wie Sie wollen [o möchten]you can do as you \like du kannst machen was du möchtestif you \like wenn Sie wollen [o möchten]we can leave now if you \like wir können jetzt gehen, wenn du möchtestIII. n▪ \likes pl Neigungen plsb's \likes and dislikes jds Vorlieben [o Neigungen] und Abneigungen* * *I [laɪk]1. adj1) (= similar) ähnlichthe two boys are very like — die beiden Jungen sind sich (dat) sehr ähnlich
2)(= same)
of like origin — gleicher Herkunft2. prepwiethey are very like each other — sie sind sich (dat) sehr ähnlich
to look like sb —
who(m) is he like? — wem sieht er ähnlich?, wem gleicht er?
he's just bought a new car - what is it like? —
that's just like him! — das sieht ihm ähnlich!, das ist typisch!
I never saw anything like it — so ( et)was habe ich noch nie gesehen
it's on company advice - orders, more like (inf) — es ist auf Anraten der Firma - besser gesagt auf Anordnung
is this what you had in mind? – it's something/nothing like it —
that's something like a steak! — das ist vielleicht ein Steak!, das nenne ich ein Steak!
a car like that — so ein Auto, ein solches Auto
one exactly like it — eines, das genau gleich ist
it will cost something like £10 — es wird etwa or so ungefähr £ 10 kosten
I was thinking of something like a doll — ich habe an so etwas wie eine Puppe gedacht
like anything (inf) — wie verrückt (inf) or wild (inf)
like that — so
he thinks like us —
A, like B, thinks that... — A wie (auch) B meinen, dass...
3. adv (inf)(as) like as not, very like, like enough — höchstwahrscheinlich, sehr wahrscheinlich
I found this money, like (dial) — ich hab da das Geld gefunden, nich (sl) or wa (dial) or gell (S Ger)
4. conj (strictly incorrect)like I said — wie ich schon sagte, wie gesagt
it's just like I say — das sage ich ja immer
do it like I do — mach es so wie ich
5. n(= equal etc)we shall not see his like again — einen Mann or so etwas (inf) wie ihn bekommen wir nicht wieder
IIand the like, and such like — und dergleichen
1. n usu pl(= taste) Geschmack mshe tried to find out his likes and dislikes — sie wollte herausbekommen, was er mochte und was nicht
2. vt1) person mögen, gernhabenI don't like him — ich kann ihn nicht leiden, ich mag ihn nicht
2)(= find pleasure in)
I like black shoes — ich mag schwarze Schuhe, mir gefallen schwarze SchuheI like chocolate — ich mag Schokolade, ich esse gern Schokolade
that's one of the things I like about you — das ist eines der Dinge, die ich an dir mag
I like wine but wine doesn't like me (inf) — ich trinke gern Wein, aber er bekommt mir nicht
how would you like a black eye? —
well, I like that! (inf) — das ist ein starkes Stück! (inf)
(well) how do you like that? (inf) — wie findest du denn das? (inf)
3)I should like to know why — ich wüsste (gerne), warum
I should like you to do it — ich möchte, dass du es tust
whether he likes it or not — ob es ihm passt oder nicht, ob er will oder nicht
what would you like? — was hätten or möchten Sie gern?, was darf es sein?
would you like a drink? —
I would like to take this opportunity to welcome Dr Allan — ich möchte diese Gelegenheit ergreifen, um Dr. Allan willkommen zu heißen
3. vihe is free to act as he likes — es steht ihm frei, zu tun, was er will
* * *like1 [laık]A adj1. gleich (dat), wie:she is just like her sister sie ist geradeso wie ihre Schwester;a man like you ein Mann wie du;what is he like? wie ist er?;he is like that er ist nun einmal so;he was not like that before so war er doch früher nicht;what does it look like? wie sieht es aus?;what will the weather be like tomorrow? wie wird das Wetter morgen?;a fool like that ein derartiger oder so ein Dummkopf;he felt like a criminal er kam sich wie ein Verbrecher vor;that’s more like it umg das lässt sich (schon) eher hören; → master A 5 c, nothing C und Bes Redew, something B 12. ähnlich (dat), bezeichnend für:that is just like him! das sieht ihm ähnlich!;that’s not like him das ist nicht seine Art4. gleich (Betrag etc):a) auf gleiche Weise,b) gleichermaßen;of like mind gleich gesinnt;like signs MATH gleiche Vorzeichen;like terms MATH gleichnamige Glieder;like unto his brethren BIBEL seinen Brüdern gleich5. ähnlich:he is very much like his father er sieht seinem Vater sehr ähnlich;they are (as) like as two eggs, they are (as) like as two peas (in a pod) sie gleichen sich wie ein Ei dem anderen, sie sehen sich zum Verwechseln ähnlich6. ähnlich, gleichartig, derartig:… and other like problems … und andere derartige Probleme7. umg wahrscheinlichB präp (siehe auch adv und adv, die oft wie eine präp gebraucht werden) wie:do not shout like that schrei nicht so;a thing like that so etwasC adv (siehe auch präp)1. (so) wie:like every teacher he has … so wie jeder Lehrer hat auch er …;I cannot play like you (do) ich kann nicht so gut spielen wie du2. umg wahrscheinlich:like enough, as like as not, very like höchstwahrscheinlich, sehr wahrscheinlich3. sl irgendwie, merkwürdig, ziemlich4. obs so:like as so wieD konj1. umg wie, (eben)so wie2. dial als ob:his like seinesgleichen;did you ever see the like(s) of that girl? hast du jemals so etwas wie dieses Mädchen gesehen?;the likes of me umg meinesgleichen, unsereiner, Leute wie ich;like attracts like gleich und gleich gesellt sich gern;the like dergleichen;peas, beans, and the like Erbsen, Bohnen und dergleichen;cocoa or the like Kakao oder so etwas (Ähnliches);like2 [laık]A v/t gernhaben, (gern) mögen, (gut) leiden können, gern tun, essen, trinken etc:I don’t like it when … ich mag es nicht, wenn …;I like him ich mag ihn gern, ich kann ihn gut leiden, er ist mir sympathisch;how do you like it? wie gefällt es dir?, wie findest du es?;how do you like London? wie gefällt es dir in London?;what I like about him is … was ich an ihm mag, ist …;do you like oysters? mögen Sie Austern (gern)?;I should much like to come ich würde sehr gern kommen;what do you like better? was hast du lieber?, was gefällt dir besser?;I do not like such things discussed ich habe es nicht gern, dass solche Dinge erörtert werden;he doesn’t like to be kept waiting er hat es nicht gern, wenn man ihn warten lässt;I like whisky, but it does not like me umg ich trinke gern Whisky, aber er bekommt mir nicht;(much) liked (sehr) beliebtB v/i1. wollen:as often as I liked sooft ich wollte;(just) as you like (ganz) wie du willst, (ganz) nach Belieben;do as you like mach, was du willst;a) wenn du willst,b) wenn Sie so wollen;I am stupid if you like but ich bin vielleicht dumm, aber2. obs gefallen3. obs gedeihenC s Neigung f, Vorliebe f:likes and dislikes Neigungen und Abneigungen;I know his likes and dislikes ich weiß, was er mag und was nicht* * *I 1. adjective1) (resembling) wiewhat is somebody/something like? — wie ist jemand/etwas?
that's [a bit] more like it — (coll.): (better) das ist schon [etwas] besser; (coll.): (nearer the truth) das stimmt schon eher
they are nothing like each other — sie sind sich (Dat.) nicht im geringsten ähnlich
nothing like as or so good/bad/many etc. as... — bei weitem nicht so gut/schlecht/viele usw. wie...
2) (characteristic of) typisch für [dich, ihn usw.]3) (similar) ähnlichbe as like as two peas in a pod — sich (Dat.) gleichen wie ein Ei dem andern
2. prepositionlike father, like son — (prov.) der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm (Spr.)
3. conjunction[just] like that — [einfach] so
(coll.)2) (coll.): (for example) etwa; beispielsweise4. noun1) (equal)his/her like — seines-/ihresgleichen
II 1. transitive verbthe likes of me/you — (coll.) meines-/deinesgleichen
(be fond of, wish for) mögenlike it or not — ob es dir/ihm usw. gefällt oder nicht
like vegetables — Gemüse mögen; gern Gemüse essen
would you like a drink/to borrow the book? — möchtest du etwas trinken/dir das Buch leihen?
would you like me to do it? — möchtest du, dass ich es tue?
I like that! — (iron.) so was hab' ich gern! (ugs. iron.)
2. noun, in pl.if you like — (expr. assent) wenn du willst od. möchtest; (expr. limited assent) wenn man so will
* * *(Poles, electricity) adj.gleichnamig (Pole) adj. adj.gernhaben adj.gleich adj.wie adv.ähnlich adj. v.gernhaben v.lieben v.mögen v.(§ p.,pp.: mochte, gemocht) -
96 доходить
несов. - доходи́ть, сов. - дойти́; (до)1) ( достигать какого-л места) reach (d), get (to); go (as far as); сов. тж. come (to)доходи́ть до ме́ста назначе́ния — reach one's destination
не доходя́ (до) — (just) before one comes (to), before one reaches (d)
письмо́ до него́ не дошло́ — the letter did not reach him
мы дошли́ до того́ ме́ста в кни́ге, где... — we reached [got to] the point in the book where...
погоди́, дойдёт и до тебя́! — you just wait, your turn will come too!
2) (о звуках, сведениях и т.п.) reach (d); come (to); reach [come to] smb's earsно́вость дошла́ до меня́ то́лько вчера́ — the news reached me only yesterday
3) (приближаться к какому-л уровню, отметке) reach (d), be close [-s] (to); (о количестве тж.) amount (to)не доходи́ть до чего́-л — be below smth, not to come close to smth
доходи́ть до колосса́льных разме́ров — reach colossal dimensions
расхо́ды дохо́дят до 5000 рубле́й — expenses are close to [may be as high as] five thousand roubles
ма́льчик уже дохо́дит мне до по́яса — the boy comes up to my waist now
доходи́ть до то́чки кипе́ния — come to the boil
4) (приходить в какое-л состояние, переходить к каким-л действиям) come (to); reach a state (of); end up (+ ger); (при неодушевл. подлежащем) result (in)доходи́ть до по́лного изнеможе́ния — get utterly exhausted
доходи́ть до бе́шенства — fly into a rage
доходи́ть до слёз — end (up) in tears
доходи́ть до дра́ки — come to blows
доходи́ть до неле́пости — fall / run into absurdity
доходи́ть до смешно́го — come to ridiculous things
я дошёл до того́, что стал шпио́нить за ни́ми — I came to [I ended up] spying on them
до чего́ ты дошёл! — look what you've come to!
как дошёл ты до жи́зни тако́й? — how have you come to this way of life?
когда́ де́ло дохо́дит до поли́тики — when it comes to politics
де́ло дошло́ до того́, что... — it came to (+ ger phrase), it resulted / ended in (+ ger phrase)
до э́того де́ло не дошло́ — things didn't go as far as that
5) разг. (находить понимание, вызывать отклик) get (to); reach out (to)поли́тики стремя́тся дойти́ до ка́ждого избира́теля — politicians are trying to reach out to every voter
их игра́ не дохо́дит до зри́теля — their acting does not get to the audience
6) разг. ( становиться понятным) come home (to)по́зже до меня́ дошло́, что нас обману́ли — it came home to me later that we had been tricked
до него́ никогда́ не дохо́дит ска́занное — he never gets the message
до неё не сра́зу дошла́ э́та шу́тка — it took her some time to latch on to the joke
до тебя́ дошло́? — (you) got it?, are you latching on?
8) прост. (без доп.; слабеть) lose one's strength, go downhill••доходи́ть свои́м умо́м — think out for oneself
(у меня́)
ру́ки до э́того не дохо́дят — I never have time for it, I never get around to it -
97 semol
sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.I.Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.1.After a plural subject:2.hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:multa concurrunt simul,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,
Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:tres simul soles effulserunt,
Liv. 41, 21 fin.:tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,
Curt. 9, 10, 7:duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,
Quint. 11, 1, 69:Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,
Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,
Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—With a plur. object:3.(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,
Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:ambo cum simul conspicimus,
Liv. 40, 46 init.:simul omnibus portis erupit,
id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,
Liv. 6, 4, 6:totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,
Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,
Sall. J. 101, 1.—Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:4.omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,
Liv. 6, 35, 6:multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,
id. 43, 6, 1.—Referring to an attributive participle understood:II.multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),
Liv. 44, 45:trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),
id. 6, 4, 1:inter duo simul bella,
id. 7, 27, 7:tot simul malis victi,
Curt. 4, 4, 12.Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:III.novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,
id. Most. 4, 2, 26:qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?
id. Am. 2, 2, 122:me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,
id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:simul consilium cum re amisti?
id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,
Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:cum corporibus simul animos interire,
id. Lael. 4, 13:vobiscum simul considerantis,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,
id. Mil. 18, 48:simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:simul cum lumine pandit,
id. Arat. 704 (452):simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,
Sall. C. 2, 5:cum anima simul,
id. ib. 33, 4:simul cum occasu solis,
id. J. 91, 2:simul cum dono designavit templi finis,
Liv. 1, 10, 5:si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,
id. 8, 31, 7:ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,
id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,
Liv. 5, 13, 13:extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):simul his,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:quippe simul nobis habitat,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:his simul,
Sil. 3, 268:Magnetibus simul transmissi,
Tac. A. 4, 55:quindecimviri septemviris simul,
id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:IV.juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),
id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.1.Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.a.Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):b.semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,
Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,
Liv. 40, 16 init.:quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,
id. 6, 27, 9:Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,
id. 41, 6 fin.:Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,
id. 8, 19, 11:simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,
id. 10, 40, 1:eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,
id. 6, 11, 3:obruit animum simul luctus metusque,
id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,
Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):c.nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,
Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):d.convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:oculis simul ac mente turbatum,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,
id. 8, 39, 7:pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,
Curt. 3, 5, 2:terrestri simul navalique clade,
id. 4, 3, 14:vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,
Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,
Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,
Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—Placed before the last term.(α).Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:(β).Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,
Sall. J. 97, 1:Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,
id. ib. 73, 2:Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,
id. ib. 84, 5:milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,
id. ib. 92, 2:Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,
Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—Simulque (rare):(γ).ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,
Curt. 8, 10, 25.—Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):e.Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,
Cic. Arat. 270 (36):inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,
id. ib. 342 (101):ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,
Tac. H. 2, 83. —Inserted in the last term ( poet.):2.memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,
Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,
id. S. 1, 5, 32.—Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.a.Et simul or simulque:b.contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,
i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:quod... et simul quia,
Lucr. 5, 1181:ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,
id. 5, 1213:sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,
id. Arat. 713 (460):postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,
Sall. J. 52, 6:equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,
Liv. 3, 62, 8:tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,
id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:c.salve! simul autem vale!
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;simul enim augebimus diligentiam,
Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:3.simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,
Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,
id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,
Sall. J. 91, 1:nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,
Liv. 32, 18, 3:simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:V.Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,
id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).1.Simul alone:2.ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 23:Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,
Liv. 7, 32, 3:tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,
id. 5, 21, 3.—More freq. simul et (= etiam):VI.quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65:demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 4:legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,
Liv. 41, 19 med.:ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,
id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;VII.freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,
Sall. C. 19, 2:cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,
id. J. 4, 2:nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,
Liv. 39, 47:a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,
Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4:hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,
id. J. 25, 5:ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,
Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,
Curt. 4, 10, 11:Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,
Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).1.With independent clauses:2.simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,
Liv. 3, 5, 2:accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,
id. 21, 26, 7:ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,
id. 9, 25, 8:simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,
Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—With dependent clauses:3.venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,
Liv. 39, 46 fin.:Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,
id. 44, 13 init.:consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,
id. 44, 8, 1:simul questi... simul nuntiantes,
id. 42, 46:plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,
Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:4.Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 13:Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,
Liv. 40, 21, 1. —Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:VIII.cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,
Liv. 2, 10, 10:ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,
id. 42, 52 med.:et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,
id. 5, 10, 3:increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,
id. 2, 65, 4:tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,
id. 21, 33, 5:inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,
id. 41, 11:simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,
id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word, , sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.1.Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:2.Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,
id. Caecil. 16, 46:dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,
id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,
Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—Simul atque:3.L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,
id. Mur. 10, 22:simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,
id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,
id. Quint. 5, 18:qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):4.simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,
id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,
id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,
id. Arat. 596 (349).—Simul et:5.simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,
Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,
id. ib. 10, 4, 12:quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,
id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—Simul ubi:6.quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,
Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—Simul alone, = simul atque:simul herbae inceperint nasci,
Cato, R. R. 48:hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,
Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,
id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30. -
98 semul
sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.I.Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.1.After a plural subject:2.hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:multa concurrunt simul,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,
Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:tres simul soles effulserunt,
Liv. 41, 21 fin.:tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,
Curt. 9, 10, 7:duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,
Quint. 11, 1, 69:Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,
Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,
Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—With a plur. object:3.(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,
Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:ambo cum simul conspicimus,
Liv. 40, 46 init.:simul omnibus portis erupit,
id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,
Liv. 6, 4, 6:totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,
Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,
Sall. J. 101, 1.—Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:4.omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,
Liv. 6, 35, 6:multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,
id. 43, 6, 1.—Referring to an attributive participle understood:II.multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),
Liv. 44, 45:trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),
id. 6, 4, 1:inter duo simul bella,
id. 7, 27, 7:tot simul malis victi,
Curt. 4, 4, 12.Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:III.novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,
id. Most. 4, 2, 26:qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?
id. Am. 2, 2, 122:me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,
id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:simul consilium cum re amisti?
id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,
Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:cum corporibus simul animos interire,
id. Lael. 4, 13:vobiscum simul considerantis,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,
id. Mil. 18, 48:simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:simul cum lumine pandit,
id. Arat. 704 (452):simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,
Sall. C. 2, 5:cum anima simul,
id. ib. 33, 4:simul cum occasu solis,
id. J. 91, 2:simul cum dono designavit templi finis,
Liv. 1, 10, 5:si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,
id. 8, 31, 7:ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,
id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,
Liv. 5, 13, 13:extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):simul his,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:quippe simul nobis habitat,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:his simul,
Sil. 3, 268:Magnetibus simul transmissi,
Tac. A. 4, 55:quindecimviri septemviris simul,
id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:IV.juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),
id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.1.Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.a.Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):b.semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,
Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,
Liv. 40, 16 init.:quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,
id. 6, 27, 9:Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,
id. 41, 6 fin.:Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,
id. 8, 19, 11:simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,
id. 10, 40, 1:eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,
id. 6, 11, 3:obruit animum simul luctus metusque,
id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,
Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):c.nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,
Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):d.convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:oculis simul ac mente turbatum,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,
id. 8, 39, 7:pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,
Curt. 3, 5, 2:terrestri simul navalique clade,
id. 4, 3, 14:vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,
Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,
Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,
Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—Placed before the last term.(α).Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:(β).Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,
Sall. J. 97, 1:Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,
id. ib. 73, 2:Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,
id. ib. 84, 5:milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,
id. ib. 92, 2:Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,
Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—Simulque (rare):(γ).ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,
Curt. 8, 10, 25.—Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):e.Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,
Cic. Arat. 270 (36):inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,
id. ib. 342 (101):ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,
Tac. H. 2, 83. —Inserted in the last term ( poet.):2.memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,
Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,
id. S. 1, 5, 32.—Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.a.Et simul or simulque:b.contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,
i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:quod... et simul quia,
Lucr. 5, 1181:ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,
id. 5, 1213:sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,
id. Arat. 713 (460):postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,
Sall. J. 52, 6:equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,
Liv. 3, 62, 8:tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,
id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:c.salve! simul autem vale!
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;simul enim augebimus diligentiam,
Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:3.simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,
Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,
id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,
Sall. J. 91, 1:nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,
Liv. 32, 18, 3:simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:V.Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,
id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).1.Simul alone:2.ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 23:Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,
Liv. 7, 32, 3:tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,
id. 5, 21, 3.—More freq. simul et (= etiam):VI.quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65:demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 4:legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,
Liv. 41, 19 med.:ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,
id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;VII.freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,
Sall. C. 19, 2:cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,
id. J. 4, 2:nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,
Liv. 39, 47:a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,
Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4:hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,
id. J. 25, 5:ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,
Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,
Curt. 4, 10, 11:Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,
Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).1.With independent clauses:2.simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,
Liv. 3, 5, 2:accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,
id. 21, 26, 7:ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,
id. 9, 25, 8:simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,
Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—With dependent clauses:3.venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,
Liv. 39, 46 fin.:Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,
id. 44, 13 init.:consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,
id. 44, 8, 1:simul questi... simul nuntiantes,
id. 42, 46:plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,
Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:4.Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 13:Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,
Liv. 40, 21, 1. —Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:VIII.cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,
Liv. 2, 10, 10:ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,
id. 42, 52 med.:et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,
id. 5, 10, 3:increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,
id. 2, 65, 4:tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,
id. 21, 33, 5:inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,
id. 41, 11:simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,
id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word, , sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.1.Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:2.Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,
id. Caecil. 16, 46:dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,
id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,
Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—Simul atque:3.L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,
id. Mur. 10, 22:simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,
id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,
id. Quint. 5, 18:qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):4.simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,
id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,
id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,
id. Arat. 596 (349).—Simul et:5.simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,
Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,
id. ib. 10, 4, 12:quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,
id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—Simul ubi:6.quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,
Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—Simul alone, = simul atque:simul herbae inceperint nasci,
Cato, R. R. 48:hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,
Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,
id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30. -
99 simul
sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.I.Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.1.After a plural subject:2.hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:multa concurrunt simul,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,
Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:tres simul soles effulserunt,
Liv. 41, 21 fin.:tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,
Curt. 9, 10, 7:duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,
Quint. 11, 1, 69:Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,
Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,
Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—With a plur. object:3.(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,
Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:ambo cum simul conspicimus,
Liv. 40, 46 init.:simul omnibus portis erupit,
id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,
Liv. 6, 4, 6:totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,
Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,
Sall. J. 101, 1.—Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:4.omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,
Liv. 6, 35, 6:multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,
id. 43, 6, 1.—Referring to an attributive participle understood:II.multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),
Liv. 44, 45:trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),
id. 6, 4, 1:inter duo simul bella,
id. 7, 27, 7:tot simul malis victi,
Curt. 4, 4, 12.Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:III.novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,
id. Most. 4, 2, 26:qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?
id. Am. 2, 2, 122:me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,
id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:simul consilium cum re amisti?
id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,
Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:cum corporibus simul animos interire,
id. Lael. 4, 13:vobiscum simul considerantis,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,
id. Mil. 18, 48:simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:simul cum lumine pandit,
id. Arat. 704 (452):simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,
Sall. C. 2, 5:cum anima simul,
id. ib. 33, 4:simul cum occasu solis,
id. J. 91, 2:simul cum dono designavit templi finis,
Liv. 1, 10, 5:si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,
id. 8, 31, 7:ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,
id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,
Liv. 5, 13, 13:extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):simul his,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:quippe simul nobis habitat,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:his simul,
Sil. 3, 268:Magnetibus simul transmissi,
Tac. A. 4, 55:quindecimviri septemviris simul,
id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:IV.juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),
id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.1.Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.a.Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):b.semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,
Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,
Liv. 40, 16 init.:quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,
id. 6, 27, 9:Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,
id. 41, 6 fin.:Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,
id. 8, 19, 11:simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,
id. 10, 40, 1:eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,
id. 6, 11, 3:obruit animum simul luctus metusque,
id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,
Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):c.nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,
Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):d.convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:oculis simul ac mente turbatum,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,
id. 8, 39, 7:pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,
Curt. 3, 5, 2:terrestri simul navalique clade,
id. 4, 3, 14:vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,
Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,
Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,
Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—Placed before the last term.(α).Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:(β).Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,
Sall. J. 97, 1:Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,
id. ib. 73, 2:Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,
id. ib. 84, 5:milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,
id. ib. 92, 2:Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,
Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—Simulque (rare):(γ).ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,
Curt. 8, 10, 25.—Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):e.Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,
Cic. Arat. 270 (36):inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,
id. ib. 342 (101):ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,
Tac. H. 2, 83. —Inserted in the last term ( poet.):2.memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,
Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,
id. S. 1, 5, 32.—Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.a.Et simul or simulque:b.contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,
i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:quod... et simul quia,
Lucr. 5, 1181:ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,
id. 5, 1213:sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,
id. Arat. 713 (460):postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,
Sall. J. 52, 6:equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,
Liv. 3, 62, 8:tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,
id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:c.salve! simul autem vale!
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;simul enim augebimus diligentiam,
Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:3.simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,
Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,
id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,
Sall. J. 91, 1:nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,
Liv. 32, 18, 3:simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:V.Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,
id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).1.Simul alone:2.ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 23:Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,
Liv. 7, 32, 3:tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,
id. 5, 21, 3.—More freq. simul et (= etiam):VI.quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65:demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 4:legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,
Liv. 41, 19 med.:ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,
id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;VII.freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,
Sall. C. 19, 2:cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,
id. J. 4, 2:nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,
Liv. 39, 47:a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,
Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4:hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,
id. J. 25, 5:ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,
Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,
Curt. 4, 10, 11:Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,
Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).1.With independent clauses:2.simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,
Liv. 3, 5, 2:accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,
id. 21, 26, 7:ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,
id. 9, 25, 8:simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,
Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—With dependent clauses:3.venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,
Liv. 39, 46 fin.:Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,
id. 44, 13 init.:consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,
id. 44, 8, 1:simul questi... simul nuntiantes,
id. 42, 46:plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,
Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:4.Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 13:Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,
Liv. 40, 21, 1. —Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:VIII.cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,
Liv. 2, 10, 10:ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,
id. 42, 52 med.:et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,
id. 5, 10, 3:increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,
id. 2, 65, 4:tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,
id. 21, 33, 5:inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,
id. 41, 11:simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,
id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word, , sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.1.Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:2.Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,
id. Caecil. 16, 46:dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,
id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,
Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—Simul atque:3.L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,
id. Mur. 10, 22:simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,
id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,
id. Quint. 5, 18:qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):4.simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,
id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,
id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,
id. Arat. 596 (349).—Simul et:5.simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,
Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,
id. ib. 10, 4, 12:quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,
id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—Simul ubi:6.quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,
Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—Simul alone, = simul atque:simul herbae inceperint nasci,
Cato, R. R. 48:hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,
Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,
id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30. -
100 Theater, Portuguese
There are two types of theater in Portugal: classical or "serious" theater and light theater, or the Theater of Review, largely the Revistas de Lisboa (Lisbon Reviews). Modern theater, mostly but not exclusively centered in Lisbon, experienced an unfortunate impact from official censorship during the Estado Novo (1926-74). Following laws passed in 1927, the government decreed that, as a cultural activity, any theatrical presentations that were judged "offensive in law, in morality and in decent customs" were prohibited. One consequence that derived from the risk of prohibition was that directors and playwrights began to practice self-censorship. This discouraged liberal and experimental theatrical work, weakened commercial investment in theater, and made employment in much theater a risky business, with indifferent public support.Despite these political obstacles and the usual risks and difficulties of producing live theater in competition first with emerging cinema and then with television (which began in any case only after 1957), some good theatrical work flourished. Two of the century's greatest repertory actresses, Amélia Rey-Colaço (1898-1990) and Maria Matos (1890-1962), put together talented acting companies and performed well-received classical theater. Two periods witnessed a brief diminution of censorship: following World War II (1945-47) and during Prime Minister Marcello Caetano's government (1968-74). Although Portuguese playwrights also produced comedies and dramas, some of the best productions reached the stage under the authorship of foreign playwrights: Shakespeare, George Bernard Shaw, Arthur Miller, and others.A major new phase of Portuguese serious theater began in the 1960s, with the staging of challenging plays by playwrights José Cardoso Pires, Luis Sttau Monteiro, and Bernardo Santareno. Since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, more funds for experimental theater have become available, and government censorship ceased. As in so much of Western European theater, however, the general public tended to favor not plays with serious content but techno-hits that featured foreign imports, including musicals, or homegrown musicals on familiar themes. Nevertheless, after 1974, the theater scene was enlivened, not only in Lisbon, but also in Oporto, Coimbra, and other cities.The Theater of Review, or light theater, was introduced to Portugal in the 19th century and was based largely on French models. Adapted to the Portuguese scene, the Lisbon reviews featured pageantry, costume, comic skits, music (including the ever popular fado), dance, and slapstick humor and satire. Despite censorship, its heyday occurred actually during the Estado Novo, before 1968. Of all the performing arts, the Lisbon reviews enjoyed the greatest freedom from official political censorship. Certain periods featured more limited censorship, as cited earlier (1945-47 and 1968-74). The main venue of the Theater of Review was located in central Lisbon's Parque Mayer, an amusement park that featured four review theaters: Maria Vitória, Variedades, Capitólio, and ABC.Many actors and stage designers, as well as some musicians, served their apprenticeship in the Lisbon reviews before they moved into film and television. Noted fado singers, the fadistas, and composers plied their trade in Parque Mayer and built popular followings. The subjects of the reviews, often with provocative titles, varied greatly and followed contemporary social, economic, and even political fashion and trends, but audiences especially liked satire directed against convention and custom. If political satire was not passed by the censor in the press or on television, sometimes the Lisbon reviews, by the use of indirection and allegory, could get by with subtle critiques of some personalities in politics and society. A humorous stereotyping of customs of "the people," usually conceived of as Lisbon street people or naive "country bumpkins," was also popular. To a much greater degree than in classical, serious theater, the Lisbon review audiences steadily supported this form of public presentation. But the zenith of this form of theater had been passed by the late 1960s as audiences dwindled, production expenses rose, and film and television offered competition.The hopes that governance under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano would bring a new season of freedom of expression in the light theater or serious theater were dashed by 1970-71, as censorship again bore down. With revolution in the offing, change was in the air, and could be observed in a change of review show title. A Lisbon review show title on the eve of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, was altered from: 'To See, to Hear... and Be Quiet" to the suggestive, "To See, to Hear... and to Talk." The review theater experienced several difficult years after 1980, and virtually ceased to exist in Parque Mayer. In the late 1990s, nevertheless, this traditional form of entertainment underwent a gradual revival. Audiences again began to troop to renovated theater space in the amusement park to enjoy once again new lively and humorous reviews, cast for a new century and applied to Portugal today.
См. также в других словарях:
acting — [[t]æ̱ktɪŋ[/t]] 1) N UNCOUNT Acting is the activity or profession of performing in plays or films. Saffron Burrows returned to London to pursue her acting career after four years of modelling. 2) ADJ: ADJ n You use acting before the title of a… … English dictionary
Acting President of the United States — is a reference to a person who is legitimately exercising the Presidential powers even though that person does not hold the office of the President of the United States in his own right. John Tyler, the first to assume the Presidency following… … Wikipedia
Acting Vice President of the United States — is an unofficial designation that has occasionally been used when the office of Vice President was vacant. [http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP John Tyler.htm U.S. Senate: Art History Home > John Tyler, Tenth Vice… … Wikipedia
Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles — is a priesthood calling in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints (LDS Church). In general, the position of Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles is only filled when the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles is… … Wikipedia
Acting — is the work of an actor or actress, which is a person in theatre, television, film, or any other storytelling medium who tells the story by portraying a character and, usually, speaking or singing the written text or play.Definition and historyAn … Wikipedia
acting — act‧ing [ˈæktɪŋ] adjective acting head/chairman/director etc someone who does an important job while the usual person is not there, or until a new person is chosen for the job: • Mr Smith is currently acting general manager of the development… … Financial and business terms
acting — /ak ting/, adj. 1. serving temporarily, esp. as a substitute during another s absence; not permanent; temporary: the acting mayor. 2. designed, adapted, or suitable for stage performance. 3. provided with detailed stage directions for the… … Universalium
Acting Presidency of Suharto — The Acting Presidency of Suharto followed the Transition to the New Order in which General Suharto was the President albeit on an interim basis. The term lasted from 12th March 1967 until 27th March 1968 when Suharto was officially elected as… … Wikipedia
acting — (drama schools and training) There are two routes to train for acting in the PRC: through professional and state run schools or informally. According to official figures, there were 210 educational institutions for the performing arts in 1989,… … Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture
Acting governor — An acting governor is a constitutional position created in some U.S. states when the governor dies in office or resigns. In some states, the governor may also be declared to be incapacitated and unable to function for various reasons, including… … Wikipedia
acting — I. noun Date: 1598 the art or practice of representing a character on a stage or before cameras II. adjective Date: 1797 1. holding a temporary rank or position ; performing services temporarily < acting president > 2. a. suitable for stage… … New Collegiate Dictionary