a+seeing

spĕcĭes, ēi ( gen. sing. specie or specii, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14, 15; gen. and dat. plur. were not in use in Cicero's time, but formarum, formis were used instead; cf. Cic. Top. 7, 30.—At a later period were introduced:

specierum,

Pall. Oct. 14, 15; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, § 151; cf. Charis. p. 18 P.; and Diom. p. 281 P.:

speciebus,

App. ad Asclep. p. 92, 25; Cod. Just. 11, 9, 1 al.; Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 10), f. [specio].

Act., a seeing, sight, look, view (rare; cf.

aspectus): speciem quo vortimus,

Lucr. 4, 242; so id. 4, 236 (for which, a little before, visus); 5, 707; 5, 724; Vitr. 3, 2 fin.; 5, 9:

si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere,

id. 9, 4:

qui sensus nostros specie primā acerrime commovent,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98:

qui doloris speciem ferre non possunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—

Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. the outward appearance, outside, exterior; shape, form, figure, mien, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. forma).

Lit.:

praeter speciem stultus,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 49:

quod speciem ac formam similem gerit ejus imago,

Lucr. 4, 52; cf.:

quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc.,

outlines, contours, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:

esse aliquem humanā specie et figurā,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

hominis esse specie deos confitendum est,

id. N. D. 1, 18, 48:

edepol specie lepida mulier!

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 2; cf.:

bellan' videtur specie mulier?

id. Bacch. 4, 7, 40; id. Most. 1, 3, 23; id. Mil. 4, 2, 10; 4, 6, 20:

urbis speciem vidi,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 2; so,

species praeclara oppidi,

Cic. Rep. 3, 32, 44; id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:

sphaerae (Archimedeae), etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 21:

navium,

Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.:

nova atque inusitata,

id. ib. 2, 31:

horribilis,

id. ib. 7, 36:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse specie ornatius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

horum hominum species est honestissima,

id. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

ad speciem magnifico ornatu,

as to outward appearance, id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58:

populi,

id. Rep. 3, 33, 45:

nec ulla deformior species est civitatis, quam illa, in quā opulentissimi optimi putantur,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: speciem honesti habere, the look or semblance of what is right, id. Off. 3, 2, 7:

turba majorem quam pro numero speciem ferens,

Curt. 3, 2, 3; cf.:

fallaces sunt rerum species, quibus credimus,

Sen. Ben. 4, 34, 1.—

Something seen, a spectacle, sight, appearance:

ponite itaque ante oculos miseram quidem illam ac flebilem speciem,

Cic. Phil. 11, 3:

non tulit hanc speciem furiatā mente Coroebus,

Verg. A. 2, 407 (cf. I. supra).—

Trop., that which is seen by the mind, an idea, notion: hanc illi idean appellabant:

nos recte speciem possumus dicere,

Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 30; cf. id. Top. 7, 30:

insidebat in ejus mente species eloquentiae,

id. Or. 5, 18:

excellentis eloquentiae speciem et formam adumbrabimus,

id. ib. 14, 43:

species, forma et notio viri boni,

id. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.:

prima sit haec forma et species et origo tyranni,

id. Rep. 2, 29, 51:

qui species alias veri scelerisque capiet,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 208:

utinam non inanes species anxio animo figuraret,

Curt. 7, 1, 36.—

In partic.

A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext, etc. (opp. that which is real, actual, etc.).

In gen.:

obiciuntur saepe formae, quae reapse nullae sunt, speciem autem offerunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81:

ista securitas specie quidem blanda sed reapse, etc.,

id. Lael. 13, 47:

cujus rei species erat acceptio frumenti,

Sall. J. 29, 4:

fraudi imponere aliquam speciem juris,

Liv. 9, 11:

specie liberā... re verā, etc.,

id. 35, 31; cf.:

litteras inanis vanā specie libertatis adumbratas esse,

id. 33, 31, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

plurimi ibi a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque excepti sunt,

id. 7, 15, 7:

si dux primam speciem adpropinquantis terroris sustinuisset,

id. 44, 6, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

quae (nomina) primā specie admirationem, re explicatā risum movent,

Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:

quaedam humanitatis habent primam speciem ut misericordia,

id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

similitudinem quandam speciemque sapientium gerere,

id. Off. 3, 4, 16:

si speciem utilitatis voluptas habere dicetur,

id. ib. 3, 33, 120.— Hence,

Esp. with gen. of that which is assumed or pretended, under pretext of, under pretence of, etc.

With abl.:

fortis viros specie quādam virtutis adsimulatae tenebat,

Cic. Cael. 6, 14.—

With sub:

sub specie tutelae liberūm ejus invasisse regnum,

Curt. 9, 2, 7; 10, 6, 21; Liv. 44, 24, 4.—

With per:

per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum,

Liv. 9, 30, 8:

per speciem auxilii Byzantiis ferendi, re ipsā, etc.,

id. 39, 35, 4; 40, 13, 8; 42, 52, 8.—

With in:

si quis in speciem refectionis (viae) deteriorem viam facit,

Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 2.—Adverb.: in speciem, for a show, as a pretence:

haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio,

Liv. 24, 1, 8:

dilatā in speciem actione, re ipsā sublatā,

id. 3, 9, 13; so,

ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 35 fin.; id. B. G. 1, 51; Quint. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18 al.—

Also with gen.: in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like (cf. tamquam; poet.):

inque chori ludunt speciem,

Ov. M. 3, 685:

in montis speciem curvari,

id. ib. 15, 509; cf.:

scorpiones vermiculos ovorum specie pariunt,

Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.—

Pregn., like the Engl. show, for ornament, display, splendor, beauty (cf.:

dignitas, venustas): ut in usum boni sint et in speciem populo,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42:

fuit pompa, fuit species, fuit incessus saltem Seplasiā dignus et Capuā,

Cic. Pis. 11, 24:

adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam,

id. de Or. 2, 72, 294:

speciem candoremque caeli,

id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; cf. id. N. D. 2, 37; 2, 39:

specie et motu capere homines,

id. Brut. 62, 224:

triumpho praebere speciem,

Liv. 34, 52, 10:

addere speciem,

id. 37, 40; 9, 40:

si fortunatum species et gratia praestat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 203:

ducit te species,

id. S. 2, 2, 35:

speciem Saturnia vaccae probat,

Ov. M. 1, 612:

juvenis,

Juv. 10, 310:

corporis,

Curt. 7, 9, 19; Vitr. 3, 2.—

Transf.

Concr. (for simulacrum, i. q. eidôgon).

An appearance in sleep, a vision, apparition (mostly poet.), Lucr. 1, 125:

repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem,

Ov. M. 9, 473:

voce suā specieque viri turbata soporem Excutit,

id. ib. 11, 677:

in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc.,

Liv. 8, 6:

per nocturnas species,

id. 26, 19; cf.:

mirabundi velut ad somni vanam speciem,

id. 33, 32, 7; Sil. 13, 394; Curt. 3, 6, 7.—

A likeness, image, statue: tum species ex aere vetus concidit... Et divum simulacra peremit fulminis ardor... Sancta Jovis species... Haec tardata diu species tandem celsā in sede locata, Cic. poët. Div. 1, [p. 1737] 12, 21.—

Reputation, honor:

o speciem dignitatemque populi Romani, quam reges pertimescant,

Cic. Dom. 33, 89.—

The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species:

species pars est generis,

App. Asclep. p. 78, 26:

harum singula genera minimum in binas species dividi possunt, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3; cf.:

genus est id, quod sui similes communione quādam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189:

primum illud genus quaerimus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt... Homo species est, ut Aristoteles ait, canis species: commune his vinculum animal,

Sen. Ep. 58, 7; Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; id. L. L. 10, § 18; Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 40; id. Or. 10, 33; id. Top. 18, 68; Quint. 3, 6, 26; 3, 10, 2; 5, 10, 90 al.: codicillis multas species vestis, argenti specialiter reliquit, many kinds or sorts, Dig. 34, 2, 19; cf. ib. 41, 1, 7.—

In later jurid. lang., a special case:

proponitur apud eum species talis: Sutor puero discenti cervicem percussit, etc.,

Dig. 9, 2, 5 fin.; 31, 1, 85.—

In late Lat., goods, wares (that are classed together; cf. assortment);

publicae,

Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10:

annonariae,

ib. 11, 73, 3:

vendenda sit species,

i. e. wine, Pall. Oct. 14, 3.—Esp., spices, drugs, etc., Macr. S. 7, 8 med.; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7; Pall. Oct. 14 fin.

spectābĭlis, e, adj. [specto].

In gen., that may be seen, visible:

corpus caeli,

Cic. Univ. 8 (al. aspectabile); so,

corpus,

Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 35:

purus ab arboribus, spectabilis undique campus,

i. e. open, id. M. 3, 709.—

Pregn., that is worth seeing, notable, admirable, remarkable (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

Niobe Vestibus intexto Phrygiis spectabilis auro,

Ov. M. 6, 166:

quod sit roseo spectabilis ore,

id. ib. 7, 705:

heros,

id. ib. 7, 496:

mons topiario naturae opere,

Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 29:

flumen portu,

id. 5, 1, 1, § 13:

texenda spectabili subtilitate,

id. 16, 37, 68, § 174:

pulchra et spectabilis victoria,

Tac. Agr. 34 fin.:

mater spectabile tela duxit opus,

Val. Fl. 1, 429.—

Under the emperors: Spectabilis, a title of high officers:

apud virum Spectabilem proconsulem,

Cod. Just. 2, 7, 11 fin.:

judices,

ib. 7, 62, 32:

praefectus vigilum,

Dig. 1, 15, 3.

tĕnĕo, tĕnŭi, tentum, 2 ( perf. subj. tetinerim, Pac. ap. Non. 178, 15:

tetinerit,

Att. ib. 178, 12:

tetinisse,

Pac. ib. 178, 11; fut. perf. tetinero, acc. to Fest. p. 252 Müll. Another collat. form of the perf. tenivi, acc. to Charis. p. 220 P.; Diom. pp. 363 and 369 ib.), v. a. and n. [root ten-, tan-; Gr. tanumai, teinô; Sanscr. tanomi, to stretch, spread; this root appears in many derived meanings; cf. Lat.: tendo, tenuis, tener, tenor, tenus].

Act., to hold, keep, have in the hand, in the mouth, etc.

Lit.

In gen.: Eu. Porrige bracchium, prehende: jam tenes? Cha. Teneo. Eu. Tene, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 42; cf.

argentum,

id. Pers. 3, 3, 9:

cum pyxidem teneret in manu,

Cic. Cael. 26, 63;

for which: aliquid manu,

Quint. 10, 7, 31; Ov. M. 11, 560; id. A. A. 1, 320; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 34:

aliquid dextrā,

Ov. F. 1, 99:

digitis,

id. ib. 2, 102; id. M. 9, 86; 9, 522:

lacertis,

id. ib. 2, 100 al.:

radicem ore,

Cic. Div. 2, 68, 141:

cibum ore,

Phaedr. 1, 4, 6;

for which: decoctum diu in ore,

Plin. 25, 13, 105, § 166:

aliquem in sinu,

Ov. H. 3, 114;

for which: aliquem sinu,

id. ib. 13, 157:

flabellulum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 50:

facem,

Verg. A. 6, 224:

telum,

Liv. 2, 19. — Prov.: manu tenere aliquid, to seize, grasp, or comprehend a thing which is palpable or evident: aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias: leges, quātenus manu tenere possunt;

philosophi, quātenus ratione et intellegentiā,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; cf.:

cum res non conjecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur,

id. Clu. 7, 20. —

In partic.

With the accessory idea of possession, to hold, i. e. to be master of, have in one ' s power, possess, etc. (syn.:

possideo, habeo): multa hereditatibus, multa emptionibus, multa dotibus tenebantur sine injuriā,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 81:

quae tenuit dives Achaemenes,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 21:

Evander qui multis ante tempestatibus tenuerat loca,

Liv. 1, 5:

provinciam a praedonibus liberam,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 32:

colles praesidiis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43:

Formiarum moenia et Lirim,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 8:

tenente Caesare terras,

id. ib. 3, 14, 15:

rem publicam,

Cic. Mur. 39, 83; id. Sest. 19, 44:

summam imperii,

Caes. B. G. 3, 22:

equitum centurias,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3:

alterum cornu,

to command, Nep. Pelop. 4, 3:

provincias aliaque omnia,

Sall. C. 39, 2: scenam, to have sole possession of. [p. 1854] rule over, Suet. Tit. 7. —

Of the possession of the object of affection: te tenet,

Tib. 1, 6, 35; 2, 6, 52; Verg. E. 1, 32; Ov. H. 2, 103 Ruhnk.; 15, 88; id. Am. 3, 7, 3; Phaedr. 2, 2, 4.—In colloq. lang., teneo te, I have you once more, of again seeing the beloved person:

teneone te, Antiphila, maxime animo exoptata meo?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 27 Ruhnk.; Sen. Ben. 7, 4; Ov. H. 18, 183; cf.:

et comitem Aenean juxta natumque tenebat Ingrediens,

Verg. A. 8, 308.—Also like our I have you (fast, bound, etc.):

teneo te, inquam, nam ista Academiae est propria sententia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Quint. 20, 63.— Absol.: qui tenent (sc. rem publicam), who are in possession of the State, of public affairs:

qui tenent, qui potiuntur,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; 2, 18, 1. —

With the accessory idea of firmness, persistence, to hold fast, occupy; to watch, guard, defend; to maintain, retain a thing:

legio locum non tenuit atque in proximum collem se recepit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44:

montes teneri,

id. B. G. 3, 2:

haec noctu firmis praesidiis tenebantur,

id. ib. 7, 69:

Capitolia celsa tenebat,

Verg. A. 8, 653:

quo teneam Protea nodo?

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 90:

te neque intra Claustra tenebo,

id. C. 3, 11, 44; cf.:

in manicis et Compedibus saevo te sub custode tenebo,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 77: laqueis (se) sensit teneri... fugam frustra tentabat;

at illam Lenta tenet radix exsultantemque coërcet,

Ov. M. 11, 74 sq.; 1, 535:

Athenae tuae sempiternam in arce oleam tenere potuerunt,

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

agri qui diu aquam tenent,

Pall. Apr. 2, 4:

classem ibi tenebat,

Liv. 31, 46, 8: secundissimo vento cursum tenere, to hold or keep one ' s course, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; cf.:

vento intermisso cursum non tenuit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8; 4, 28; so,

cursum,

Cic. Planc. 21, 52; id. Rep. 1, 2, 3 fin.; Quint. 4, 3, 13:

quo iter,

Verg. A. 1, 370; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 10:

(lunam) fingunt cursus viam sub sole tenere,

Lucr. 5, 714:

tenuit tamen vestigia Bucar,

Liv. 29, 32, 6.—

With the accessory idea of reaching the object aimed at, to reach, attain a place:

montes effuso cursu Sabini petebant et pauci tenuere,

Liv. 1, 37, 4:

regionem,

id. 30, 25, 11:

Tenum,

id. 36, 21, 1:

terram,

id. 37, 16, 4; 37, 11, 5; 37, 13, 4;

26, 29, 4: Hesperiam,

Ov. F. 1, 498:

portus,

id. H. 18, 198; Tac. Agr. 38 fin.:

cum quibus (navibus) Cythnum insulam tenuit,

id. H. 2, 9.—

With the accessory idea of movement impeded, to hold fast, hold back, hinder, restrain, detain, check, control, stay, etc.:

naves, quae vento tenebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 22:

quid hic agatur, scire poteris ex eo, qui litteras attulit, quem diutius tenui, quia, etc.,

Cic. Att. 11, 3, 1:

si id te non tenet, advola,

id. Fam. 16, 19:

septimum jam diem Corcyrae tenebamur,

id. ib. 16, 7 init.:

Marcellum ab gerundis rebus valetudo adversa Nolae tenuit,

Liv. 24, 20, 7:

non tenebo te pluribus,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; cf. absol.:

ne diutius teneam,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34: solutum (corpus) tenere, Cels. praef. med.; cf.

ventrem,

id. 4, 19 med.:

tene linguam,

Ov. F. 2, 602:

pecus omne tenendum,

Verg. G. 2, 371:

vix a te videor posse tenere manus,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 10; so,

manus,

id. M. 13, 203; cf.:

manum stomachumque teneto,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 44:

saeva tene cum Berecyntio Cornu tympana,

id. C. 1, 18, 13:

et Phoebi tenuere viam,

i. e. impeded, closed up, Luc. 5, 136:

quo me decet usque teneri?

Verg. A. 5, 384:

lacrimas,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so,

lacrimas in morte miserā non tenebamus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:

dictator exercitum in stativis tenebat,

Liv. 6, 14, 1. —

Esp.: se tenere, to keep back, remain, stay:

Sabinus castris sese tenebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17; 1, 40; Liv. 2, 45, 2:

nullā clade acceptā castris se pavidus tenebat,

id. 3, 26, 3:

Hasdrubal procul ab hoste intervallo tenebat se,

id. 23, 26, 2:

se domi a conventu remotum tenere,

Nep. Dion, 9, 1:

ego tamen teneo ab accusando vix me hercule: sed tamen teneo,

restrain myself, refrain, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

nec se tenuit, quin, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 4, 12; cf.

mid.: teneri non potui, quin tibi apertius illud idem his litteris declararem,

id. Att. 15, 14, 2; Just. 6, 7, 10; cf.:

se intra silentium tenuit,

Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 8:

multum me intra silentium tenui,

id. ib. 7, 6, 6.—

Trop.

In gen., to hold, contain in the mind, to conceive, comprehend, know (syn.:

percipio, intellego): nunc ego teneo, nunc scio, Quid sit hoc negotii,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 39: tenes Quorsum haec tendant quae loquor, id. Ps. 1, 2, 81:

tenes, quid dicam?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 22:

teneo,

I understand, id. And. 1, 1, 59:

teneo quid erret,

id. 3, 2, 18; Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37; cf.: quibus capiatur Caesar, tenes, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 5:

quae a Romanis auguribus ignorantur, a Cilicibus... Lyciis tenentur,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 25:

quoniam ea, quae tenebatis ipsi, etiam ex me audire voluistis,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

alicujus reconditos sensus,

id. Sest. 10, 22:

quo pacto cuncta tenerem,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 8:

et teneo melius ista,

Mart. 4, 37, 7.—With inf.:

nullus frugi esse homo potest, nisi qui et bene facere et male tenet,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 10; Lucr. 3, 647.—

In partic.

To have possession of, have the mastery of, to control any thing:

cum rem publicam opes paucorum non virtutes tenere coeperunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51.—

To hold fast, guard, preserve, uphold, keep, insist (syn. servo):

sin consuetudinem meam, quam in re publicā semper habui, tenuero,

Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 27:

ordinem,

id. ib. 5, 13, 35:

portum,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

statum,

id. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

non tenebat ornatum suum civitas,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

si jus suum populi teneant,

id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

nec diutius umquam tenetur idem rei publicae modus,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

est boni viri, haec duo tenere in amicitiā, etc.,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

morem,

id. Off. 3, 10, 44; so id. Fl. 7, 15; Verg. A. 3, 408:

foedus,

Cic. Balb. 15, 34:

tenebat non modo auctoritatem, sed etiam imperium in suos,

id. Sen. 11, 37:

silentium,

Liv. 1, 28, 8.—

To hold fast, maintain, support, defend, uphold, insist:

illud arcte tenent accurateque defendunt, voluptatem esse summum bonum,

hold fast, maintain, Cic. Par. 1, 3, 14; cf.:

illud, quod multos annos tenuisset,

id. Ac. 2, 22, 71; and:

quod idem Peripatetici non tenent,

id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

propositum tenere,

to maintain, Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 1:

suas leges,

Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 13:

causam apud centumviros,

id. Caecin. 24, 67:

quo causae teste tenentur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

locum quendam cum aliquo,

Cic. Brut. 21, 81.— With ne:

plebs tenuit, ne consules in proximum annum crearentur,

Liv. 4, 30, 16:

ne quid ferretur ad populum, patres tenuere,

id. 3, 29, 8; 24, 19, 7. — With ut:

tenuere patres, ut Fabius consul crearetur,

Liv. 2, 42, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

scripseram tenuisse Varenum ut sibi evocare testes liceret,

Plin. Ep. 6, 5, 1.—

Of memory:

alicujus memoriam cum summā benevolentiā tenere,

to recollect, preserve a recollection of, Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1.—Esp.:

memoriā tenere: memoriā tenetis, compluris in Capitolio res de caelo esse percussas,

you remember, Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19; id. Fam. 1, 9, 12; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; cf.:

memoriā teneo, C. Sulpicium Gallum, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 21; v. memoria; so without memoria, to bear in mind, remember, recollect:

satin' haec meministi et tenes?

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

numeros memini, si verba tenerem,

Verg. E. 9, 45:

dicta tenere,

Hor. A. P. 336; id. S. 2, 4, 8:

quem (Cyrum) omnia militum tenuisse creditum est nomina,

Quint. 11, 2, 50; 11, 2, 45.—

To reach an object striven after, to gain, acquire, obtain, attain (syn. assequor):

per cursum rectum regnum tenere,

Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44:

Servium Tullium post hunc captivā natum, ingenio virtute regnum tenuisse,

Liv. 4, 3, 12:

teneri res aliter non potest,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

multa tenuisse,

Liv. 42, 11, 8:

causam,

Ov. M. 13, 190.—

To hold, hold back, repress, restrain, bind, fetter, etc. (syn.:

refreno, retineo): iracundiam teneat, avaritiam coërceat,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

dolorem,

id. Att. 12, 38, 2:

cupiditates,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

somnum,

id. Brut. 80, 278:

risum,

id. Vatin. 8, 20; Hor. A. P. 5:

iram,

Curt. 4, 2, 5:

ea, quae occurrant, tenere,

to hold back, keep to themselves, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.—

Of laws, etc., to bind, hold, obligate, be binding on, control, etc.:

quamquam leges eum non tenent,

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11; cf.:

interdicto non teneri,

id. Caecin. 14, 41:

voto quodam et promisso teneri,

id. Att. 12, 18, 1:

ut plebi scita omnes Quirites tenerent,

Liv. 8, 12, 14; cf.:

olim patricii dicebant se plebi scitis non teneri,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3:

cum velut in controverso jure esset, tenerenturne patres plebi scitis, legem tulere, ut quod tributim plebis jussisset, populum teneret,

Liv. 3, 55, 3:

teneri alienis foederibus,

id. 24, 29, 11: poenā teneri, to be subject or liable to, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5:

testibus in re perspicuā teneri,

to be convicted, id. Caecin. 2, 4; cf.: nemo ita in manifesto peccatu tenebatur, ut, etc., id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191:

caedis teneri,

Quint. 5, 14, 11:

teneri repetundarum,

Tac. A. 11, 7 fin.:

furti,

Dig. 6, 1, 4:

injuriarum,

ib. 47, 10, 11:

mandati,

ib. 17, 1, 10.— Transf.:

nisi illi ipsi, qui eas (libidines) frangere deberent, cupiditatis ejusdem tenerentur,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31 Mos. and Orell. N. cr. —

Of dispositions, desires, etc., to possess, occupy, control:

quae te tanta pravitas mentis tenuerit, ut, etc.,

has had possession of you, Cic. Vatin. 6, 14:

summum me eorum (librorum) studium tenet,

id. Att. 1, 11, 3:

magna me spes tenet,

id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

de triumpho nulla me cupiditas umquam tenuit,

id. Att. 7, 2, 6:

si consilio pulso libidines iracundiaeve tenerent omnia,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

nisi forte quem inhonesta et perniciosa libido tenet,

Sall. J. 3, 4: neque irā neque gratiā teneri, to be controlled or influenced, Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 45; so,

teneri desiderio,

id. Sen. 10, 33:

studio philosophiae,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 4:

magno amore,

Verg. A. 1, 675:

pompā, ludis atque ejusmodi spectaculis teneri,

to be enchained, fascinated, Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 48; cf.:

ut oculi picturā teneantur, aures cantibus,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 20:

is qui audit, ab oratore jam obsessus est ac tenetur,

id. Or. 62, 210.—With ne, Ov. M. 7, 146. —

To take in, comprise, comprehend, include:

haec magnos formula reges, Excepto sapiente, tenet,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 46.—More freq. pass.: teneri aliquā re, to be contained, comprised, grounded, to consist in a thing:

ut homines deorum agnatione et gente teneantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23:

id quod (genus officiorum) teneatur hominum societate,

id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

quae (causae) familiaritate et consuetudine tenentur,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 1:

dixi jam antea, ipsam rationem arandi spe magis et jucunditate quadam quam fructu atque emolumento teneri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227.

Neutr. (freq. after the Aug. per.; perh. not in Cic.).

Lit.

To hold a position anywhere, maintain one ' s self:

quā abscisae rupes erant, statio paucorum armatorum tenebat,

Liv. 32, 5, 12:

duo extra ordinem milia tenuere,

id. 3, 62, 7:

tenent Danai, quā deficit ignis,

Verg. A. 2, 505.—

For cursum tenere, to hold or take one ' s way, to sail, steer in any direction:

Aeneam... ab Siciliā classe ad Laurentem agrum tenuisse,

Liv. 1, 1, 4:

Cassandream petentes, primo ad Mendin tenuere,

Liv. 31, 45, 14:

ad Mendaeum,

id. 21, 49, 2:

Diam,

Ov. M. 3, 690:

Creten,

id. ib. 13, 706:

Hesperiam,

id. F. 1, 498:

Ausoniam,

id. ib. 4, 290 al.:

medio tutissimus ibis... Inter utrumque tene,

Ov. M. 2, 140.—

Trop., with the accessory idea of continuance (cf. I. A. 2. b. and B. 2. b. supra), to hold out, hold on, last, endure, continue, maintain itself, prevail, etc. (cf. obtineo):

imber per noctem totam tenuit,

Liv. 23, 44, 6; cf.:

incendium per duas noctes ac diem unum tenuit,

id. 24, 47, 15:

per aliquot dies ea consultatio tenuit,

id. 2, 3, 5; 3, 47, 6:

tenet fama, lupam, etc.,

id. 1, 4, 6:

quod nunc quoque tenet nomen,

id. 1, 17, 6:

fama tenuit, haud plus fuisse modio,

id. 23, 12, 2; 21, 46, 10:

tenuit consuetudo, quae cottidie magis invalescit, ut, etc.,

Quint. 2, 1, 1 Spald.; so,

consuetudo, ut, etc.,

id. 8, 5, 2:

nomen illud tenet,

id. 9, 4, 47 Spald.; cf. Ov. M. 1, 712.

ut-pŏtĕ, adv., as namely, namely, as being, as, seeing that, inasmuch as, since (rare but class.; cf. quippe); introducing an explanation.

Usually with a pron. rel.:

satis nequam sum, utpote qui hodie inceperim amare,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 5:

ea nos, utpote qui nihil contemnere soleamus, non pertimescebamus,

Cic. Att. 2, 24, 4 B. and K. (al. solemus): Lucius quidem frater [p. 1948] ejus, utpote qui peregre depugnarit, familiam ducit, id. Phil. 5, 11, 30:

similiorem mulierem Magisque eandem, utpote quae non sit eadem, non reor Deos facere posse,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 49:

amo hercle, opinor, utpote quod pro certo sciam,

id. Bacch. 3, 4, 13:

utpote quae mi Speraret nec linguam esse nec auriculam,

Cat. 67, 44.—

With cum: nec retinuissem (legiones), si uno loco habuissem, utpote cum singulae quaedam cohortes seditionem fecerint, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 4:

incommoda valetudo, quā jam emerseram, utpote cum sine febri laborassem,

id. Att. 5, 8, 1.—

With participles:

inde Rubos fessi pervenimus, utpote longum Carpentes iter,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 94:

puerulo me, utpote non amplius novem annos nato,

Nep. Hann. 2, 3.—

In adjectival phrases:

quin id erat curae, quo pacto cuncta tenerem, Utpote res tenues, tenui sermone peractas,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 9:

quod sunt quos genus hoc minime juvat, utpote plures Culpari dignos,

id. ib. 1, 4, 24:

quo sane populus numerabilis, utpote parvus Et frugi castusque verecundusque coibat,

id. A. P. 206.

vespertīnus, a, um, adj. [vesper].

Of or belonging to evening or even-tide, evening-:

tempora (opp. matutina),

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52: litterae, received in the evening (opp. antemeridianae), id. Att. 13, 23, 1: senatusconsulta, made or passed in the evening, id. Phil. 3, 10, 24:

acies,

a seeing dimly in the evening, Plin. 8, 50, 76, § 203:

cantus,

of the cock, id. 10, 21, 24, § 49:

lucubratio,

id. 18, 26, 63, § 233:

ros,

evening dew, Pall. Nov. 13, 4 et saep.—Adverb.:

si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,

i. e. in the evening, Hor. S. 2, 4, 17; id. Epod. 16, 51; id. S. 1, 6, 113; Prud. Psych. 376.— Absol.:

vespertino rursus pascunt,

at even-tide, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 11:

matutinis vespertinisque,

in the morning and evening hours, Plin. 30, 10, 24, § 84. —

Of or belonging to the west, western:

regio,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:

caeli regio,

Vitr. 4, 5, 1:

populus,

Prud. Psych. 376.

vīso, si, sum, 3, v. freq. a. and n. [video], to look at attentively, to view, behold, survey (class.).

Lit.:

ludos nuptiales,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 2:

ex muris visite agros vestros ferro inique vastatos,

Liv. 3, 68, 2:

praeda Macedonica omnis, ut viseretur, exposita,

id. 45, 33, 5:

ubi audiret potius contumelias inperatoris quam viseret,

Tac. A. 14, 1.— Absol.:

vise, specta tuo arbitratu,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 106:

visendi causā venire,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 9:

undigue visendi studio Trojana juventus Circumfusa ruit,

Verg. A. 2, 63. — P. a.: visendus, to be seen, worth seeing:

ornatus,

Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:

arbores visendae magnitudinis,

Plin. 16, 44, 91, § 242.— Pass.: nec civitas ulla visitur, is seen, i. e. exists, Amm. 16, 3, 1.— Subst.: vīsenda, ōrum, n., objects worth notice, sights:

Athenae multa visenda habentes,

Liv. 45, 27.—

Transf.

To go or come in order to look at, to see to, look after; constr. with acc., a rel.-clause, or ad.

With acc.:

illa in arcem abivit, aedem visere Minervae,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 59; cf. id. Rud. 5, 1, 6: fit concursus per vias;

Filios suos quisque visunt,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 28.—

With rel.-clause:

ego quid me velles, visebam,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 4; id. Mil. 3, 1, 113; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 60; Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 5 al.:

visam si domi est,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; id. Eun. 3, 4, 7.—

With ad:

vise ad portum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 114:

accensus dicit sic: omnes Quirites, inlicium visite huc ad judices,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 88 Müll.—

To go to see, to visit any one, esp. a sick person (qs. to see how he is).

With acc.:

constitui ad te venire, ut et viderem te et viserem et cenarem etiam,

Cic. Fam. 9, 23:

uxorem Pamphili,

Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6 sq.:

quae Paphon visit,

Hor. C. 3, 28, 15:

altos Visere montes,

id. ib. 1, 2, 8 et saep.— Pass., of places:

propter quem Thespiae visuntur,

is visited, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 4:

Cn. Octavii domus cum vulgo viseretur,

id. Off. 1, 39, 138.—

With ad:

aegram esse simulant mulierem: nostra ilico It visere ad eam,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 114; cf.: L. Piso ap. Gell. 6, 9, 5; Lucr. 6, 1238; Ov. Am. 2, 2, 22.

vīsĭbĭlis, e, adj. [video].

Pass., that may be seen, visible (late Lat. for adspectabilis): exhalationes tenues vixque visibiles, App. de Mundo, p. 60, 37; id. de Deo Socr. p. 42, 22:

deus,

Prud. Apoth. 146:

gloria,

id. Cath. 5, 158.—

Act., that can see, seeing:

pars animi,

Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 146.— Adv.: vīsĭbĭlĭter (acc. to I.), visibly, Paul. Nol. Ep. 20.

vīsĭo, ōnis, f. [video], the act or sense of seeing, sight, vision.

Lit.: ignes... nostrae visioni occurrunt, App. de Mundo, p. 63 fin.; id. M. 2, p. 120, 32; 8, p. 203, 37: in caelestis sponsi visione requiescere, Greg. Mag. Homil. 2, 2, 8; 2, 2, 12.—

Transf., a thing seen, an appearance, apparition, a vision:

adventicia,

Cic. Div. 2, 58, 120; cf. Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 3.—

Trop., an image of a thing in the mind; an idea, conception, notion:

speciem dei percipi cogitatione... eamque esse ejus visionem, ut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 105:

veri falsique,

id. Ac. 2, 11, 33:

falsa doloris,

id. Tusc. 2, 18, 42.—As a transl. of the Gr. phantasia, Quint. 6, 2, 29.—

Transf., in jurid. lang., a supposition, a case:

in propositā quaestione tribus visionibus relatis, etc.,

Dig. 5, 3, 25; so ib. 16, 1, 8; 17, 1, 29; 22, 3, 25 fin.; Tert. Anim. 9.

vīso, si, sum, 3, v. freq. a. and n. [video], to look at attentively, to view, behold, survey (class.).

Lit.:

ludos nuptiales,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 2:

ex muris visite agros vestros ferro inique vastatos,

Liv. 3, 68, 2:

praeda Macedonica omnis, ut viseretur, exposita,

id. 45, 33, 5:

ubi audiret potius contumelias inperatoris quam viseret,

Tac. A. 14, 1.— Absol.:

vise, specta tuo arbitratu,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 106:

visendi causā venire,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 9:

undigue visendi studio Trojana juventus Circumfusa ruit,

Verg. A. 2, 63. — P. a.: visendus, to be seen, worth seeing:

ornatus,

Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:

arbores visendae magnitudinis,

Plin. 16, 44, 91, § 242.— Pass.: nec civitas ulla visitur, is seen, i. e. exists, Amm. 16, 3, 1.— Subst.: vīsenda, ōrum, n., objects worth notice, sights:

Athenae multa visenda habentes,

Liv. 45, 27.—

Transf.

To go or come in order to look at, to see to, look after; constr. with acc., a rel.-clause, or ad.

With acc.:

illa in arcem abivit, aedem visere Minervae,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 59; cf. id. Rud. 5, 1, 6: fit concursus per vias;

Filios suos quisque visunt,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 28.—

With rel.-clause:

ego quid me velles, visebam,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 4; id. Mil. 3, 1, 113; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 60; Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 5 al.:

visam si domi est,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; id. Eun. 3, 4, 7.—

With ad:

vise ad portum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 114:

accensus dicit sic: omnes Quirites, inlicium visite huc ad judices,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 88 Müll.—

To go to see, to visit any one, esp. a sick person (qs. to see how he is).

With acc.:

constitui ad te venire, ut et viderem te et viserem et cenarem etiam,

Cic. Fam. 9, 23:

uxorem Pamphili,

Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6 sq.:

quae Paphon visit,

Hor. C. 3, 28, 15:

altos Visere montes,

id. ib. 1, 2, 8 et saep.— Pass., of places:

propter quem Thespiae visuntur,

is visited, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 4:

Cn. Octavii domus cum vulgo viseretur,

id. Off. 1, 39, 138.—

With ad:

aegram esse simulant mulierem: nostra ilico It visere ad eam,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 114; cf.: L. Piso ap. Gell. 6, 9, 5; Lucr. 6, 1238; Ov. Am. 2, 2, 22.