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1 Dyer, Joseph Chessborough
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 15 November 1780 Stonnington Point, Connecticut, USAd. 2 May 1871 Manchester, England[br]American inventor of a popular type of roving frame for cotton manufacture.[br]As a youth, Dyer constructed an unsinkable life-boat but did not immediately pursue his mechanical bent, for at 16 he entered the counting-house of a French refugee named Nancrède and succeeded to part of the business. He first went to England in 1801 and finally settled in 1811 when he married Ellen Jones (d. 1842) of Gower Street, London. Dyer was already linked with American inventors and brought to England Perkins's plan for steel engraving in 1809, shearing and nail-making machines in 1811, and also received plans and specifications for Fulton's steamboats. He seems to have acted as a sort of British patent agent for American inventors, and in 1811 took out a patent for carding engines and a card clothing machine. In 1813 there was a patent for spinning long-fibred substances such as hemp, flax or grasses, and in 1825 there was a further patent for card making machinery. Joshua Field, on his tour through Britain in 1821, saw a wire drawing machine and a leather splitting machine at Dyer's works as well as the card-making machines. At first Dyer lived in Camden Town, London, but he had a card clothing business in Birmingham. He moved to Manchester c.1816, where he developed an extensive engineering works under the name "Joseph C.Dyer, patent card manufacturers, 8 Stanley Street, Dale Street". In 1832 he founded another works at Gamaches, Somme, France, but this enterprise was closed in 1848 with heavy losses through the mismanagement of an agent. In 1825 Dyer improved on Danforth's roving frame and started to manufacture it. While it was still a comparatively crude machine when com-pared with later versions, it had the merit of turning out a large quantity of work and was very popular, realizing a large sum of money. He patented the machine that year and must have continued his interest in these machines as further patents followed in 1830 and 1835. In 1821 Dyer had been involved in the foundation of the Manchester Guardian (now The Guardian) and he was linked with the construction of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He was not so successful with the ill-fated Bank of Manchester, of which he was a director and in which he lost £98,000. Dyer played an active role in the community and presented many papers to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. He helped to establish the Royal Institution in London and the Mechanics Institution in Manchester. In 1830 he was a member of the delegation to Paris to take contributions from the town of Manchester for the relief of those wounded in the July revolution and to congratulate Louis-Philippe on his accession. He called for the reform of Parliament and helped to form the Anti-Corn Law League. He hated slavery and wrote several articles on the subject, both prior to and during the American Civil War.[br]Bibliography1811, British patent no. 3,498 (carding engines and card clothing machine). 1813, British patent no. 3,743 (spinning long-fibred substances).1825, British patent no. 5,309 (card making machinery).1825, British patent no. 5,217 (roving frame). 1830, British patent no. 5,909 (roving frame).1835, British patent no. 6,863 (roving frame).Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.J.W.Hall, 1932–3, "Joshua Field's diary of a tour in 1821 through the Midlands", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 6.Evan Leigh, 1875, The Science of Modern Cotton Spinning, Vol. II, Manchester (provides an account of Dyer's roving frame).D.J.Jeremy, 1981, Transatlantic Industrial Revolution: The Diffusion of TextileTechnologies Between Britain and America, 1790–1830s, Oxford (describes Dyer's links with America).See also: Arnold, AzaRLHBiographical history of technology > Dyer, Joseph Chessborough
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2 Dyer, Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 1848 Scotlandd. 4 September 1918[br]Scottish engineer and educator.[br]Henry Dyer was educated at Andersen's College and Glasgow University. He was apprenticed to the Glasgow marine engineer Alexander Kirk, and in 1870 he became an early holder of a Whitworth Scholarship. He was recruited at the age of 24 to establish the Tokyo Engineers' College in 1873. He had been recommended to Matheson, the Scottish businessman who was acting for the Japanese government, by W.J.M. Rankine of Glasgow University, who regarded Dyer as one of his most outstanding students. Dyer secured the services of a team of able young British engineers and scientists to staff the college, which opened in 1873 with 56 students and became the Imperial College of Engineering. Together they gave the first generation of Japanese engineers a firm grounding in engineering theory and practice. Dyer served as Principal and Professor of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. He left Tokyo in 1882 and returned to Britain. The remainder of his career was rather an anticlimax, although he became an active supporter of the technical education movement and was involved in the development of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College, of which he was a Life Governor.[br]Further ReadingWho was Who, 1916–28.W.H.Brock, 1981, "The Japanese connexion", BJHS 14:227–43.AB -
3 Dyer, John
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. c.1833 England[br]English inventor of an improved milling machine for woollen cloth.[br]After being woven, woollen cloth needed to be cleaned and compacted to thicken it and take out the signs of weaving. The traditional way of doing this was to place the length of cloth in fulling stocks, where hammers pounded it in a solution of fuller's earth, but in 1833 John Dyer, a Trowbridge engineer, took out a patent for the first alternative way with real possibilities. He sold the patent the following year but must have reserved the right to make his machine himself, incorporating various additions and improvements into it, because many of the machines used in Trowbridge after 1850 came from him. Milling machines were often used in conjunction with fulling stocks. The cloth was made up into a continuous length and milled by rollers forcing it through a hole or spout, from where it dropped into the fulling liquid to be soaked before being pulled out and pushed through the hole again. Dyer had three pairs of rollers, with one pair set at right angles to the others so that the cloth was squeezed in two directions. These machines do not seem to have come into general use until the 1850s. His machine closely resembled those still in use.[br]Bibliography1833, British patent no. 6,460 (milling machine).Further ReadingJ.de L.Mann, 1971, The Cloth Industry in the West of England from 1660 to 1880, Oxford (provides a brief account of the introduction of the milling machine).K.G.Ponting, 1971, The Woollen Industry of South-West England, Bath (a general account of the textile industry in the West Country).RLH -
4 Merica, Paul Dyer
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 17 March 1889 Warsaw, Indiana, USAd. 20 October 1957 Tarrytown, New York, USA[br]American physical metallurgist who elucidated the mechanism of the age-hardening of alloys.[br]Merica graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1908. Before proceeding to the University of Berlin, he spent some time teaching in Wisconsin and in China. He obtained his doctorate in Berlin in 1914, and in that year he joined the US National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in Washington. During his five years there, he investigated the causes of the phenomenon of age-hardening of the important new alloy of aluminium, Duralumin.This phenomenon had been discovered not long before by Dr Alfred Wilm, a German research metallurgist. During the early years of the twentieth century, Wilm had been seeking a suitable light alloy for making cartridge cases for the Prussian government. In the autumn of 1909 he heated and quenched an aluminium alloy containing 3.5 per cent copper and 0.5 per cent magnesium and found its properties unremarkable. He happened to test it again some days later and was impressed to find its hardness and strength were much improved: Wilm had accidentally discovered age-hardening. He patented the alloy, but he made his rights over to Durener Metallwerke, who marketed it as Duralumin. This light and strong alloy was taken up by aircraft makers during the First World War, first for Zeppelins and then for other aircraft.Although age-hardened alloys found important uses, the explanation of the phenomenon eluded metallurgists until in 1919 Merica and his colleagues at the NBS gave the first rational explanation of age-hardening in light alloys. When these alloys were heated to temperatures near their melting points, the alloying constituents were taken into solution by the matrix. Quenching retained the alloying metals in supersaturated solid solution. At room temperature very small crystals of various intermetallic compounds were precipitated and, by inserting themselves in the aluminium lattice, had the effect of increasing the hardness and strength of the alloy. Merica's theory stimulated an intensive study of hardening and the mechanism that brought it about, with important consequences for the development of new alloys with special properties.In 1919 Merica joined the International Nickel Company as Director of Research, a post he held for thirty years and followed by a three-year period as President. He remained in association with the company until his death.[br]Bibliography1919, "Heat treatment and constitution of Duralumin", Sci. Papers, US Bureau of Standards, no. 37; 1932, "The age-hardening of metals", Transactions of the American Institution of Min. Metal 99:13–54 (his two most important papers).Further ReadingZ.Jeffries, 1959, "Paul Dyer Merica", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Science 33:226–39 (contains a list of Merica's publications and biographical details).LRD -
5 Atkinson Dyer Watson
Trademark term: ADWУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Atkinson Dyer Watson
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6 Cape Dyer, NorthWest Territories, Canada
Airports: YVNУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Cape Dyer, NorthWest Territories, Canada
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7 Caper Dyer
Military: DYE (DEW Line) -
8 me dyer të mbyllura
behind closed doors -
9 ט׳ סַמּוֹקָה pr. n. m. Tayfa Sammoka (dyer of red colors?). Y.Dem.III, 23c; Y.Yeb.VIII, beg.8c טיו׳ סמוקי.
טַיֵּירv. טוּר.Jewish literature > ט׳ סַמּוֹקָה pr. n. m. Tayfa Sammoka (dyer of red colors?). Y.Dem.III, 23c; Y.Yeb.VIII, beg.8c טיו׳ סמוקי.
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10 драсильщик
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11 pekerjaan celup
dyer -
12 боjар
dyer -
13 боjаџиjа
dyer -
14 молерски
dyer's -
15 bojadžija
• dyer -
16 красильная машина
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17 barvíř
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18 краситель
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19 красильная машина
Русско-английский текстильный словарь > красильная машина
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20 красильщик
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > красильщик
См. также в других словарях:
Dyer — ist der Name mehrerer Personen: Charles Dyer (* 1928), britischer Schriftsteller und Schauspieler Charles H. Dyer (* ?), US amerikanischer religiöser Autor und Institutsleiter Danny Dyer (* 1977), britischer Schauspieler David Patterson Dyer … Deutsch Wikipedia
Dyer — Dyer, AR U.S. town in Arkansas Population (2000): 585 Housing Units (2000): 248 Land area (2000): 2.596265 sq. miles (6.724295 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.596265 sq. miles (6.724295 sq. km) … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Dyer — may refer to: A person who works with dyes as an occupation Places In the United States: Dyer, Arkansas, a village Dyer, Indiana, a village Dyer, Nevada, a village Dyer, Tennessee, a village People Dyer (surname) See also Dyre (disambiguation)… … Wikipedia
Dyer — Dy er, n. One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the like. [1913 Webster] {dyer s rocket}, {Dyer s weed}. Same as {Dyer s broom}. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Dyer, AR — U.S. town in Arkansas Population (2000): 585 Housing Units (2000): 248 Land area (2000): 2.596265 sq. miles (6.724295 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.596265 sq. miles (6.724295 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Dyer, IN — U.S. town in Indiana Population (2000): 13895 Housing Units (2000): 4900 Land area (2000): 5.960298 sq. miles (15.437100 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 5.960298 sq. miles (15.437100 sq. km) FIPS … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Dyer, TN — U.S. city in Tennessee Population (2000): 2406 Housing Units (2000): 1053 Land area (2000): 2.260723 sq. miles (5.855246 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.260723 sq. miles (5.855246 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
dyer — dyer; dyer·ma; … English syllables
Dyer [1] — Dyer (spr. Deier), 1) Cap in der Davisstraße; 2) Cap an der Südküste von Patagonien; 3) Grafschaft im Staate Tennessee (Nordamerika), 19 QM.; Flüsse: Obion u. Forked Deer Rivers; Boden: eben u. sehr fruchtbar, mit schönen Waldungen; Producte:… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Dyer [2] — Dyer (spr. Deier), John, geb. 1700 zu Aberglasney in Caermartenshire u. st. als Pfarrer 1758; er schr.: Poems, Lond. 1752, ebd. 1761; darunter: The Grongar hill, 1727; The ruins of Rome, 17.10, u. The fleece, 1754 … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Dyer — (spr. dāier), 1) John, engl. Dichter, geb. um 1699 zu Aberglasney in Wales, gest. 24. Juli 1758, erhielt seine Bildung in der Westminsterschule, studierte die Rechte und wandte sich der Malerei zu, ohne jedoch hierin Hervorragendes zu leisten.… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
