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21 ἐπι-σημαίνω
ἐπι-σημαίνω, 1) darüber ein Zeichen machen, bezeichnen, wie γράμματα ἐπισεσημασμένα, mit darüberstehenden Punkten bezeichnet, Aen. Tact. 31; übh. bezeichnen, κἀπισημανϑήσεται κείνου κεκλῆσϑαι λαός Eur. Ion 1593; von der Gottheit, eine Vorbedeutung geben, durch ein Anzeichen ihren Willen zu erkennen geben, ὁ ϑεὸς ἐπεσήμαινεν αὐτῷ ὅσιον εἶναι Xen. Hell. 4, 7, 2; Plut. Num. 22 Demetr. 12; D. Sic. 19, 103. Auch in der Bdtg des med. loben, Pol. 9, 9. – Med. sich Etwas bezeichnen, mit einem Zeichen versehen, ἐάν τε ἰάσιμος ἐάν τε ἀνίατος δοκῇ εἶναι Plat. Gorg. 526 b; Phil. 25 a; sich vorzeichnen, Legg. V, 744 a; übh. bemerklich machen, andeuten, III, 681 b; Sp., τῷ μειδιάματι ἐπισημηνάμενος τῆς γλώσσης τὴν διαμαρτίαν Luc. pro laps. 1; τὰς εὐϑύνας, sie untersiegeln, zum Zeichen, daß man sie für richtig anerkennt, Dem. 18, 250; durch ein Zeichen seinen Beifall zu erkennen geben, loben, καὶ ϑορυβεῖν Isocr. 12, 2; ἐπισημαινόμενον τὸν δῆμον καὶ δεδεγμένον τοὺς παρ' ἐμοῦ λόγους Aesch. 2, 49; πάντων τὸ ῥηϑὲν ἐπισημηναμένων Pol. 3, 111, 3, öfter, wie a. Sp., κρότῳ μεγάλῳ τὸ γεγονός D. Sic. 17, 106; δώροις τινά, Einen durch Geschenke auszeichnen, belohnen, Pol. 6, 39, 6; seltener durch Tadel auszeichnen, tadeln, App. B. C. 5, 15; D. Sic. 13, 27. – 2) intr., sich bemerklich machen, sich zeigen, bes. von Witterungs- u. Krankheitsvorzeichen, eintreten, τῶν ἀκρωτηρίων ἀντίληψις τοῦ λοιμοῦ ἐπεσήμαινε Thuc. 2, 50; Hippocr.; öfter bei Arist., τὰ περὶ τοὺς μαστούς, τὰ ἐπιμήνια u. ä., gener. anim. 1, 19. 20 H. A. 7, 3; σεισμὸς ἐφ' ἓν καὶ ἐπὶ δύο ἔτη ἐπισημαίνει κατὰ τοὺς αὐτοὺς τόπους Meteorl. 2, 8; τῷ Ῥώμῳ ἐπισημαίνουσι γῦπες ἕξ D. H. 1, 86. 87.
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22 ἐξ-έρχομαι
ἐξ-έρχομαι (s. ἔρχομαι), 1) aus-, herausgehen; gew. mit dem gen. des Orts, ἐκ δ' ἦλϑε κλισίης Il. 10, 104, wie Od. 21, 190; ἐξελϑέτω τις δωμάτων Aesch. Ch. 652; τῆςδε χϑονός Soph. El. 768; οἴκων Eur. Hec. 174; mit praeposit., ἐκ τῆςδ' ἕδρας Soph. O. C. 37; ἔξω τῆςδε χϑονός Eur. Phoen. 479; ἐξεληλυϑότες ἐκ Σπάρτης Her. 9, 12; οὐκ ἐπὶ ϑεωρίαν πώποτε ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐξῆλϑες Plat. Crit. 52 b; Phaed. 59 d; ὅϑεν, ἐνϑένδε, Tim. 79 b Crit. 44 e; absolut, fortgehen, ausziehen, Il. 9, 476; ἔξελϑε πρὸς Λέρνης λειμῶνα Aesch. Prom. 655; ἐπὶ φορβῆς νόστον ἐξελήλυϑεν Soph. Phil. 43; ἔξελϑ' ἀμείψας στέγας 1246; ἐπὶ φόνον Eur. Or. 608; εἰς ἔλεγχον, geprüft werden, Alc. 650; ἐς χερῶν ἅμιλλάν τινι, ins Handgemenge gerathen, Hec. 226; vom Heere, Thuc. 2, 21; Xen. Hell. 7, 5, 6 u. A.; ἔξοδον Xen. Hell. 1, 2, 17, στρατείαν Aesch. 2, 168; ἄεϑλα, Soph. Tr. 505, den Kampf bestehen; anders ist der acc. ἐξῆλϑον τὴν Περσίδα χώραν, aus dem Lande, Her. 7, 29; vgl. Arist. pol. 3, 14; οὐκ ἂν ἔφασκεν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐξελϑεῖν οὐδὲ τὸν ἕτερον πόδα Din. 1, 82, auch nicht mit einem Fuße. – Auch von leblosen Dingen, οὐδεὶς τῶν λόγων ἐξέρχεται παρ' ἐμοῦ Plat. Theaet. 161 b; ὅϑεν ἐξῆλϑε τὸ πνεῦμα Tim. 79 b; von Krankheiten, die den Menschen verlassen, Hippocr. – Von der Zeit, vergehen, verstreichen, τίς χρόνος τοῖςδ' ἐστὶν οὑξεληλυϑώς; Soph. O. R. 735; Her. 2, 139; ἐλέγοντο αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐξεληλυϑέναι, abgelaufen, Xen. Hell. 5, 2, 2; ἐπειδὰν ὁ ἐνιαυτὸς ἐξέλϑῃ Plat. Polit. 298 e; Phaed. 108 e; Xen. An. 7, 5, 4 u. A. – Das Maaß überschreiten, εἴ ποτ' ἐξέρχεται, δυνατὸν δ' ἐστὶν ἐπανορϑοῦσϑαι Plat. Legg. I, 644 b; τὰ νόμιμα, übertreten, Ath. XII, 536 a. – 2) ausgehen, in Erfüllung gehen. εἰς τέλος ἐξέρχεσϑαι Hes. O. 215; μή μοι Φοῖβος ἐξέλϑῃ σαφής Soph. O. R. 1011, Schol. μὴ οἱ χρησμοὶ τοῠ Φοίβου τελεσϑῶσι; so von Träumen u. Orakeln, Her. 6, 82, ταύτῃ τὴν ὄψιν συνεβάλετο ἐξεληλυϑέναι 107; ähnl. ἰσόψη-φος δίκη ἐξῆλϑ' ἀληϑῶς Aesch. Eum. 763; τὰ δύςφορα εἰ τύχοι κατ' ὀρϑὸν ἐξελϑόντα, wenn es gut ausschlägt, Soph. O. R. 88; τοιόςδε δ' ἐκ-φὺς οὐκ ἂν ἐξέλϑοιμ' ἔτι ποτ' ἄλλος, ich möchte wohl nicht anders werden, ib. 1084; ἀριϑμὸς καὶ ἄλλοϑεν οὐκ ἐλάσσων ἐξέλϑοι, wo auch wir »her-»auskommen« sagen, Xen. Hell. 6, 1, 5.
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23 εξερχομαι
(fut. ἐξελεύσομαι, aor. 2 ἐξῆλθον, pf. ἐξελήλυθα)1) выходить, уходить(πόλεως Hom., ἐκ τῆς πόλεως Plat. и τὸ ἄστυ Her.; χθονός Soph. и τέν χώραν Her., Arst.)
ἐ. τοῦ βίου Plut. — умирать2) выступать, отправляться(ἐκ Σπάρτης Her.; πρὸς Λέρνης λειμῶνα Aesch.; ἐπὴ φορβῆς νόστον Soph.; ἐπὴ τέν θήραν Xen.; ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐπὴ θεωρίαν Plat.; στρατείαν Aeschin.; ἐπὴ τὸν πόλεμον Plut.)
3) переходить4) приходить, являться(ἐπί τινα Her.)
5) вступать, приступатьεἰς ἔλεγχον ἐξελθεῖν Eur. — подвергнуться испытанию;
εἰς χερῶν ἅμιλλαν ἐξελθεῖν τινι Eur. — вступить с кем-л. в рукопашный бой6) продвигаться вперед(ἐπὴ πλεῖστον Thuc.)
τὸ πολὺ τοῦ ἔργου ἐξελθεῖν Thuc. — совершить большую часть дела7) выходить, выделяться(τὸ σπέρμα ἐξέρχεται Arst.)
8) появляться (на свет), рождаться(τὸ παιδίον ἐξέρχεται Arst.)
9) высовываться(ἥ γλῶττα ἐξέρχεται μέχρι πόρρω Arst.)
10) расходоваться, тратиться11) уходить с государственного постаκαὴ ἐξεληλυθότες καὴ μέλλοντες Arst. — как прежние, так и будущие чиновники
12) ( о времени) проходить, миновать(ἐπειδὰν ὅ ἐνιαυτὸς ἐξέλθῃ Plat.)
τίς χρόνος τοῖσδ΄ ἐστὴν οὑξεληλυθώς ; Soph. — сколько времени прошло с тех пор?13) вывозиться, служить предметом вывоза14) исходить(οὐδεὴς τῶν λόγων ἐξέρχεται παρ΄ ἐμοῦ Plat.)
15) доходить, достигать(εἰς τέλος Hes.)
16) выходить за пределы, отклонятьсяεἴ ποτε ἐξέρχεται δυνατὸν δ΄ ἐστὴν ἐπανορθοῦσθαι Plat. — если есть какой-л. недочет, который может быть исправлен
17) исполняться, осуществлятьсяδοκέειν οἱ ἐξεληλυθέναι τὸν χρησμόν Her. — (он сказал, что), по его мнению, предсказание сбылось
18) становиться, оказыватьсяἐξελθεῖν κατ΄ ὀρθόν Soph. — оканчиваться благополучно;
ἀριθμὸς καὴ ἄλλοθεν οὐκ ἂν ἐλάττων ἐξέλθοι Xen. — численность (войска) и в других местах может оказаться не меньше:φίλοι γενόμενοι ἐπὴ τελευτῆς ἐξέρχονται Arst. — в конце концов они оказались друзьями -
24 ευπορος
21) удобопроходимый, легкий для перехода или переезда(πέλαγος Aesch.; ὁδός Plat., Xen., Plut.)
ἐντεῦθεν εὔπορόν ἐστι ὅποι τις ἐθέλοι Xen. — оттуда легко пройти куда угодно2) легко добываемый, доступный, имеющийся под рукой или наготове(παρ΄ ἐμοῦ δ΄ ἔστιν ταῦτ΄ εὔπορα πάντα Arph.; ἃ μάλιστα ἂν εἴη στρατιώταις εὔπορα Plat.)
3) проворный, бойкий(γλῶττα Arph.)
4) быстроходный, легкий(πλάται Eur.)
5) изобретательный, находчивый, способный(πρὸς ἅπαν ἔργον Plat.; χρήματα πορίζειν εὐπορώτατον γυνή Arph.)
6) богатый, обильный(τῶν χρημάτων Arst.; πόλις τοῖς πᾶσιν εὐπορωτάτη Thuc.). - см. тж. εὔπορα, εὔπορον и εὔποροι
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25 μεταπαραλαμβάνω
A receive a thing from another, οἱ παρ' ἐμοῦ -λημψόμενοι my successors in title, PAmh.2.68.23 (i A. D.), cf. IG42(1).88.19 (Epid., ii A.D.), PMag.Par.1.525, Vett.Val.219.3; take over an office, BGU1192.8 (i B.C.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μεταπαραλαμβάνω
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26 μισθόω
A let out for hire, farm out, in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., offer to let, , Lys.7.10, D.50.52; μισθοῖ αὑτὸν Ὀλυνθίοις offers his services for pay to them, Id.23.150, cf. 149; ἑαυτὸν ἐπί τι for a purpose, Id.18.21;μ. τὸ τέμενος IG12.94.5
;οἶκον Lys.32.23
, D.27.15, 28.15;τοὺς οἴκους τῶν ὀρφανῶν Arist.Ath.56.7
: c. inf., μ. τὸν νηὸν τριηκοσίων ταλάντων ἐξεργάσασθαι farm out the building of it for 300 talents, Hdt.2.180; .II [voice] Med., [tense] fut.μισθώσομαι Ar.V.52
: [tense] aor. ἐμισθωσάμην: [tense] pf. μεμίσθωμαι (v. infr.):—have let to one, hire, c. acc. pers. vel rei, πλοῖον, μισθωτούς, ἐπικουρικόν, Hdt.1.24, Ar.Av. 1152, Th.4.52;οἰκίαν ἣν ᾤκει μεμισθωμένος Is.6.39
; τίνα τῶν πολιτῶν ἑταιρεῖν μεμίσθωμαι; D.45.79;τῆς οἰκίας ἧς ἐμεμίσθωτο Lys.3.11
;μισθωσάμενός τινος τὴν οἰκίαν D. 27.58
;μ. τι παρά τινος Hdt.1.68
; ; μ. τινὰ ταλάντου engage his services at a talent, Hdt.3.131; ὀλίγου at a low price, Arist.Pol. 1259a13: c. inf., μ. νηὸν ἐξοικοδομῆσαι contract for the building of the temple, Hdt.5.62; μ. γράψαι ψάφισμα Maiuri Nuova Silloge 432 ([place name] Cos); μισθοῦσθαί τινα c. inf., hire him to do a thing, Hdt.9.34;μισθοῦ σαυτὸν ἀμφορεαφορεῖν Ar.Fr. 299
, cf. D.18.33; μ. ὑπέρ τινος make a contract for a thing, Id.53.21; ὁ μισθωσάμενος the contractor, Is.11.34.III [voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐμισθώθην: [tense] pf. μεμίσθωμαι (v. infr.):— to be hired for pay, Μαρδονίῳ μεμισθωμένος οὐκ ὀλίγου hired by him at no small price, Hdt.9.38; ἐπί τινι for a thing, X.An.1.3.1; ἐκ τοῦ μισθωθῆναι from the hire, D.27.58; of a house, to be let on contract, Id.28.1; of a mercenary,μισθωθεὶς ὑπό τινος Id.23.149
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27 προσκυρόω
A confirm, Hsch., Gloss.:—[voice] Pass., τὴν -ωθεῖσάν σοι παρ' ἐμοῦ δεσποτείαν (gift of part of a house) PLond.3.1044.15 (vi A.D.): also v.l. for προσηυρῆσθαι in A.D.Synt.114.17.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προσκυρόω
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28 τρῖμμα
II a drink or brew prepared of pounded groats and spices, Alex.188, Sotad.Com.1.4, Axionic.4.8 (anap.);τριμμάτων πλῆθος Diocl.Fr.138
;ὅπως λαβὼν παρ ἐμοῦ.. σησάμου τέταρτον τρίψῃ μοι.. τ. UPZ62.21
(ii B. C.); = ἀρωματίζον τόμα ἐν γάμοις πινόμενον, Hsch.2 fragments,μοχλῶν IG22.1672.303
( τρινματα lapis), cf. 7.3073.165 (Lebad., ii B. C.); scrapings, Hp.Nat.Mul.32.III abrasion, Gal.13.181. -
29 ἐξαναλίσκω
Aἐξανήλωμαι Hp.Nat.Puer.30
, but- ανάλωμαι Pl.Com.175
:—spend entirely,τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ἰδίων ἐ. Plu.Pomp.20
:— [voice] Pass.,τὰ ἀλλότρι'.. ἐξανάλωται Pl.Com.
l. c.;τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἐξανηλωμένα D.50.15
.2 exhaust,ἐξανήλωσεν ὁ ἥλιος [τὸ ὑγρόν] Thphr. Vent.15
, etc.;ἐ. δύναμιν ἔν τινι Plu.Cat.Mi.20
:—[voice] Pass., to be used up, exhausted, Arist.GA 750a34;εἴς τι Hp.Nat.Puer.
l. c.;διὰ τῆς καθάρσεως Sor.1.31
;πόνος ἐξανηλώθη Babr.95.44
.3 destroy utterly,ἐξαναλῶσαι γένος A.Ag. 678
:—[voice] Pass.,ἐξανήλωνται δ' οἵ τ' ἴδιοι πάντες οἶκοι καὶ τὰ κοινὰ τῇ πόλει D.13.27
, Aeschin.3.103.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξαναλίσκω
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30 ἐπιτροπεία
ἐπιτροπ-εία, ἡ,A charge, guardianship, τινός over one, Pl.Phdr. 239e, Arist.Pol. 1271b25, Plb.15.25a.27, cf. Lys.Fr. 43 ;τὴν ἐ. τινὸς λαβεῖν D.H.4.33
, etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιτροπεία
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31 ὠφελέω
A , etc.: [tense] aor.ὠφέλησα Hdt.3.127
, etc.: [tense] pf.- ηκα Hp. Acut.44
, Pl.Grg. 511e, etc.: [tense] plpf. :—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ὠφεληθήσομαι And.2.22
, Is.10.16, Hp.Int.35, X.Cyr.3.2.20; more freq. [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense,ὠφελήσομαι Th.6.18
, 7.67, Pl.R. 343c, X.Mem.1.6.14, v.l. in Lys.19.61: [tense] aor.ὠφελήθην Th.2.39
, 5.90, etc.: [tense] pf. , Pl.Grg. 512a, etc.: [tense] plpf.ὠφέλητο Th.6.60
: ([etym.] ὄφελος):—help, aid, succour, first in Hdt. (v. infr.); opp. βλάπτω, Th.6.14, Pl.Phd. 107d; opp. ζημιόω, Isoc.6.5.—Construction:I abs., to be of use or service,τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα A.Pr.44
, cf. S.Fr. 196, E.IA 348(troch.), X.Oec.1.9;οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ Th.2.87
;τὸ πολλάκις ὠφελοῦν Isoc.8.35
.2 c. acc. pers., to be of service to, benefit, Hdt.2.95, A.Pr. 507;τὰς ψυχὰς ὠ. διδάσκοντες X.Cyr.2.3.23
; ὠ. τινα ἔς τι to be of use to one towards a thing, Th. 4.75; τί δέ μ' ὠφελήσουσ' οἱ ῥυθμοὶ πρὸς τἄλφιτα; how will rhythms help me to earn my bread? Ar.Nu. 648: abs.,ἐπὶ τοῖς δεινοῖσιν E.Fr. 84
;διὰ τῶν ὤτων Plu.2.38c
, cf. 145b: c. part.,αὐτοὺς ὠφελεῖ προσκείμενον E.Hipp. 970
.b esp. of a general, enrich his soldiers by booty, Plu.Aem.29;τοὺς στρατιώτας ὠφεληκὼς ἀπὸ τῶν στρατειῶν Id.Caes.12
; cf.ὠφέλεια 11.3
.3 in Poets also (v. Thom.Mag.p.408R.) c. dat. pers., A.Pr. 342, Pers. 842, S.Ant. 560, E.Or. 666, 681, Heracl. 681, Ar.Av. 421 (lyr.); also in Antipho 6.38, and v.l. in Th. 5.23; the compds. προσωφελέω, ἐπωφελέω, συνωφελέω also take both constructions.4 c. gen., dub. in (fort. leg. ἔρωτ' ἐς τόνδ').5 c. acc. cogn., ὠφελίαν ὠ. τινα to render him a service, Pl.R. 519e, cf. Euthd. 275e; : with a neut. Adj., οὐδέν τινα ὠ. to do one no service, Hdt.3.126, E.Alc. 875 (lyr.); πολλά, πλέον, πλεῖστον, ὡς πλεῖστα ὠ. τινα, Isoc.3.30, E.Andr. 679, 681, Th. 6.14.II [voice] Pass., receive help or succour, derive profit or advantage, πρός τινος from a person or thing, Hdt.2.68; , Antipho 3.2.3;ἀπό τινος Th.3.64
, X.Oec.1.15, cf. Gorg.Pal.10; ὑπό or παρά τινος, Pl.Grg. 512a, Amat. 132d; ὠ. τοῦ νόμου to derive benefit from.., Antipho 5.17(dub. l.); τινι by a thing, Th.3.67; διά τι ib.13; παρ' ἐμοῦ ὠφελεῖσθαι to make something out of me, Antipho 2.2.13; help the mselves,Lys.
27.7: esp. of troops, acquire booty,πολλὰ παρὰ τὴν στρατείαν ὠ. Plu.Cat.Ma.10
;ὠ. δι' ἁρπαγῆς Id.Marc. 19
; ὠφελεῖσθαι πρός τι acquire advantage towards a thing, X.Cyn. 5.27: c. part., ὠφελεῖσθαι ἰδών to be profited by the sight of a thing, Th.2.39: c. adj. neut.,οὐδὲν ὠφελουμένη S.Ant. 550
:πολλὰ ὠφελεῖσθαι οὐδὲν πονοῦντες X.Cyr.3.2.20
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32 εὔστομος
εὔ-στομος, (1) mit schönem, gutem Munde, ἵππος εὔστομος χαλινῷ, ein gutmäulig Pferd, das nicht hart-, noch weichmäulig ist; κύνες, mit gutem Gebiß, Ggstz ἄστομος; mit großer Öffnung (von Bechern); von einem Hafen. (2) schön redend, beredt (von der Flasche); vom Papagei. Bes. Worte von guter Vorbedeutung sprechend, dah. εὔστομ' ἔχε = εὐφήμει, sage nichts von übler Vorbedeutung, schweige; τά γε παρ' ἐμοῦ ἔστω πρὸς ϑεοὺς εὔστομα, mit Ehrfurcht gegen die Götter gesprochen. (3) dem Munde angenehm, wohlschmeckend. Adv. wohlsprechend, wohllautend -
33 αἰτέω
αἰτέω impv. αἴτει IPol 2:2; fut. αἰτήσω; 1 aor. ᾔτησα; pf. ᾔτηκα 1J 5:15. Mid.: impv. αἰτοῦ IPol 1:3; impf. ᾐτούμην; fut. αἰτήσομαι; 1 aor. ᾐτησάμην, impv. αἴτησαι (Hom.+) to ask for, with a claim on receipt of an answer, ask, ask for, demand (without any real distinction betw. act. and mid.: the distinc. betw. act. [‘ask’ outright] and mid. [‘ask’ as a loan] found by ancient grammarians has only very limited validity for our lit. [B-D-F §316, 2; Mlt. 160f]; cp. Js 4:2f, where they seem to be used interchangeably) w. acc. of person or thing asked for (Lucian, Dial. Mer. 7, 2 αἰ. τὸ δίδραχμον) ἰχθύν Mt 7:10; τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 27:58 (Appian, Syr. 63 §335 αἰτήσας τὸ σῶμα, i.e. for burial); Mk 15:43; Lk 23:52; πινακίδιον Lk 1:63; εἰρήνην Ac 12:20; φῶτα 16:29; σημεῖα 1 Cor 1:22. τὸν Βαραββᾶν Mt 27:20 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 18 §71 and 72; Synes., Provid. 2, 3 p. 121c Ὄσιριν ᾔτουν=they asked for O.); cp. Mk 15:6 v.l. (s. παραιτέομαι 1a); βασιλέα (Jos., Ant. 6, 88) Ac 13:21. Gener. τί Mk 6:24; 10:38; Mt 20:22. ὅ 1J 3:22. αἰτῆσαι τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου Mk 6:24 v.l. πράγματος οὗ ἐὰν αἰτήσωνται (w. attraction of the relative) for which they wish to ask Mt 18:19, cp. Eph 3:20 (s. Judg 8:26). W. acc. of the thing and indication of the purpose αἰ. τι πρός τι: αἰ. τὸ σῶμα τοῦ κυρίου πρὸς ταφήν GPt 2:3; τινί τι αἰ. pray for someth. for someone IRo 3:2. W. acc. of the pers. who is asked Mt 5:42; 6:8; 7:11; Lk 6:30; 11:13; J 4:10; Ac 13:28. W. double acc. ask someone for someth. (Hom. et al.; Diod S 14, 108, 1; Eunap., Vi. Soph. p. 31 αἰ. τοὺς θεούς τι; PFay 109, 12; PGM 4, 777; Josh 14:12; 1 Esdr 6:11; Jos., Ant. 12, 24; Just., A I, 61, 2, D. 105, 3) Mk 6:22f (Diog. L. 6, 38 αἴτησόν με ὸ̔ θέλεις [Alex. to Diogenes]; Aesop, Fab. 287b H.=235b Ch. αὐτῇ δοῦναι, ὸ̔ ἂν αἰτήσῃ); 10:35; J 11:22; 15:16; 16:23; Mt 7:9; Lk 11:11; cp. vs. 12; ApcPt Rainer (s. παρέχω end). αἰ. τινὰ λόγον demand an accounting fr. someone, call someone to account (Pla., Pol. 285e; cp. BGU 747, 21) 1 Pt 3:15. τὶ ἀπό τινος request someth. fr. someone (Plut., Galba 1062 [20, 6]) Mt 20:20; 1J 5:15 (both w. παρά as v.l.); cp. Lk 12:20 v.l. τὶ παρά τινος (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 7 §23; Apollon. Paradox. 5; Paradoxogr. Vat. 43 αἰτεῖται παρὰ τῶν θεῶν οὐδέν; PFay 121, 12ff; PGM 12, 277; oft. LXX; Jos., Ant. 13, 63; Just., A I, 12, 5) alms Ac 3:2. Abs. αἴτησαι παρʼ ἐμοῦ ask me 13:33 D; 1 Cl 36:4 (both Ps 2:8); Hs 5, 4, 5; cp. Hm 9:1 (text uncertain), 2, 4; J 4:9; Ac 9:2; Js 1:5. αἰ. χάριν ask a favor B 21:7; αἰτούμενοι χάριν κατʼ αὐτοῦ they requested a favor against him i.e. one directed against him (Paul) Ac 25:3; αἰτούμενοι κατʼ αὐτοῦ καταδίκην asking for his conviction vs. 15. αἰ. περί τινος pray for someone IRo 8:3. W. the manner of asking more exactly described: κακῶς Js 4:3b; ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ Mt 21:22. Also δεήσεσιν αἰ. τὸν θεόν beseech God w. supplications Pol 7:2 (cp. SIG 1168, 11; 13; 17); in the same sense ὅσα προσεύχεσθε κ. αἰτεῖσθε whatever you request in prayer Mk 11:24; ἐν πίστει Js 1:6. ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου J 14:13f; 15:16; 16:24, 26. τὶ κατὰ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ someth. in accord w. God’s will 1J 5:14. Elliptically: αἰτεῖσθαι καθῶς ἐποίει αὐτοῖς ask ( to do) as he was accustomed to do for them Mk 15:8. Foll. by acc. and inf. (SIG 1168, 11; 3 Km 19:4; Just., D. 105, 3; 5 al.) αὐτὸν σταυρωθῆναι Lk 23:23; cp. Ac 3:14. W. inf. (Aristoph., Plut. 240; X., An. 2, 3, 18; Appian, Liby. 82, §386) πεῖν αἰτεῖς J 4:9 (Nic. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 7f Jac. πιεῖν ἤτει; Jos., Ant. 18, 192). ᾐτήσατο εὑρεῖν σκήνωμα he asked to be permitted to find an abode Ac 7:46. αἰ. θεοῦ ἐπιτυχεῖν ask to reach the presence of God ITr 12:2; cp. IRo 1:1. Neg. αἰτοῦμαι μὴ ἐγκακεῖν Eph 3:13. W. ἵνα foll. (w. προσεύχεσθαι) Col 1:9 (cp. Polyb 31, 4, 3 αἰτεῖσθαι ἵνα; Ps.-Apollod. 1, 106; Just., D. 30, 2). Abs. (Arrian, Anab. 2, 14, 8 αἴτει καὶ λάμβανε; Ath. 11, 3 τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν διδόναι) Mt 7:7f; Lk 11:9f; J 16:24; Js 4:3; 1J 5:16. Mid. Mk 6:25.—B. 1270f. DELG. M-M. TW. -
34 κατηχέω
κατηχέω 1 aor. κατήχησα, pass. κατηχήθην; pf. pass. κατήχημαι (late word; PStras 41, 37 [III A.D.]; not LXX, but ParJer 5:19; Philo, Joseph.) gener. ‘to communicate’.① to share a communication that one receives, report, inform (Jos., Vi. 366 αὐτός σε πολλὰ κατηχήσω=‘I will personally give you much information’) pass. be informed, learn (Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 198; Ps.-Plut., Fluv. 7, 2; 8, 1; 17, 1 κατηχηθεὶς περὶ συμβεβηκότων; PPrinc II, 20, 1 [II A.D.]) ἵνα ἐπιγνῷς περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης λόγων τὴν ἀσφάλειαν (=τὴν ἀ. τῶν λόγων περὶ ὧν κ.) so that you may be certain about the things you have heard or been informed of Lk 1:4 (so, Zahn, JWeiss, EKlostermann; FVogel, NKZ 44, ’33, 203–5; Beyer, RSV; prob. in ref. to variations in reports or stories relating to the career of Jesus; s. ἀσφάλεια 2; others prefer mng. 2a). In a forensic context κατηχήθησαν περὶ σοῦ ὅτι they have been informed concerning you that Ac 21:21; cp. vs. 24.② teach, instruct (Lucian, Jupp. Trag. 39; Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 48; in our lit. only of instruction in theological matters. The noun κατήχησις normally refers to ‘instruction’ [LAlexander, The Preface to Luke’s Gospel ’93, 139, s. also 141f]).ⓐ gener. τινά someone 1 Cor 14:19. ὁ κατηχῶν the teacher Gal 6:6b. Pass. (Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 17 of teaching about God: κατηχούμενος πείθου παρʼ ἐμοῦ) κατηχούμενος ἐκ τοῦ νόμου instructed in the law Ro 2:18. W. acc. of what is taught κατηχημένος τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ κυρίου in the way of the Lord Ac 18:25 (cp. Iren. 3, 12, 7 [Harv. II 61, 2f]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 36, 2]). ὁ κατηχούμενος τὸν λόγον in (Christian) teaching Gal 6:6a (B-D-F §159, 1. BWeiss, HHoltzmann, FHauck, Rengstorf, Goodsp., NRSV, et al. prefer this mng. Lk 1:4 [but s. 1 above]: that you may know the truth about the things you have been taught. S. on παρακολουθέω 3.).ⓑ in the specif. sense of basic Christian instruction for new converts give instruction 2 Cl 17:1.—PCarrington, The Primitive Christian Catechism ’40; CDodd in NT Essays (TWManson memorial vol.) ’59, 106–18.—DELG s.v. ἠχή. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
35 πίνω
πίνω (Hom.+) impf. ἔπινον; fut. πίομαι (W-S. 13, 6; 17; B-D-F §74, 2; 77; Rob. 354), 2 sg. πίεσαι (Ruth 2:9; B-D-F §87; Thackeray p. 218; 282; Rob. 340; Mlt-H. 198); 2 aor. ἔπιον (on ἔπιαν 1 Cor 10:4 D s. B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 208), impv. πίε, πιέτω, inf. πιεῖν (edd. contracted πεῖν [πῖν]; s. B-D-F §101 p. 48; §31, 2; W-S. §5, 23b; Rob. 72; 204; Mayser 365; Thackeray p. 63f; W-H., app. 170); perf. πέπωκα; plpf. 3 sg. πεπώκει 1 Km 30:12 (W-S. §13, 15; B-D-F §83, 1).① to take in a liquid internally, drink, w. acc. of someth. that is drunk Mt 6:25; Mk 16:18; Lk 12:29. αἷμα (Num 23:24; 1 Ch 11:19 al.; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]): J 6:53f, 56 (cp. the imagery in Jos., Bell. 5, 344 ἐσθίειν … καὶ τὸ τῆς πόλεως αἷμα πίνειν). οἶνον Lk 1:15 (cp. Dt 29:5); 5:39; cp. Mt 26:29b; Ro 14:21 (Is 22:13) al. τί πίωμεν; what will we have to drink? Mt 6:31. φαγεῖν καὶ πιεῖν ὅσον ἄν βούλωνται MPol 7:2. ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν τὰ παρά τινος eat and drink what someone sets before one Lk 10:7. Foll. by ἀπό τινος drink (of) someth. (Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 1lβ p. 433 Jac. [Sotion Fgm. 17 in Παραδοξογράφοι W. p. 185] π. ἀπʼ αὐτῆς [a spring], resulting in confession of things perpetrated in secret; Ael. Aristid. 39, 4 K.=18 p. 409 D.; Jer 28:7; GrBar 4:6; Just., D. 140, 1) 22:18. μηδεὶς φαγέτω μηδὲ πιέτω ἀπὸ τῆς εὐχαριστίας D 9:5. Foll. by ἔκ τινος (of) someth. (Gen 9:21; TestJos 19:5; GrBar 5:2; Syntipas p. 43, 15 ἐκ τοῦ δηλητηρίου πίομαι) Mt 26:29a; Mk 14:25a; J 4:13f. Foll. by acc. of the vessel fr. which one drinks, in which case the vessel and its contents are identified (ποτήριον a) ποτήριον κυρίου πίνειν 1 Cor 10:21; cp. 11:26f. The vessel can also be introduced by ἐκ (Hipponax [VI B.C.] 16 and 17 D.2; Aristoph., Equ. 1289; Pla., Rep. 417a; X., An. 6, 1, 4 ἐκ ποτηρίων; SIG 1168, 80) ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου πινέτω (s. 2 Km 12:3) 1 Cor 11:28; cp. Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23. Likew. ἐξ αὐτοῦ (=ἐκ τοῦ φρέατος.—Paus. Attic. κ, 56 κρήνη, ἐξ ἧς ἔπινον; Num 21:22; Philo, Deus Imm. 155) from it J 4:12. ἐκ πέτρας 1 Cor 10:4b.—On the acc. κρίμα ἑαυτῷ ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει 11:29b cp. κρίμα 4b.—Abs. Mt 27:34b. W. ἐσθίειν 11:18f; Lk 5:33; 12:19 (Phoenix Col. 1, 9 [Coll. Alex. p. 231]), 45 al.; cp 17:8 (on the protocol in 17:7 cp. ViAesopi G 61 P.). ἔφαγεν καὶ ἔπιεν 1 Cl 3:1 (cp. Dt. 32:15); I Tr 9:1. οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ φαγεῖν οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ πεῖν (=πιεῖν) AcPl Ox 6, 7f (=Aa 1, 241, 12f). τρώγειν καὶ π. Mt 24:38; cp. 1 Cor 15:32. ἐσθίειν καὶ π. μετά τινος eat and drink w. someone Mt 24:49; Mk 2:16 v.l.; Lk 5:30. δοῦναί τινι πιεῖν (τι) give someone someth. to drink (numerous exx. of δοῦναι πιεῖν in AKnox and WHeadlam, Herodas 1922 p. 55f; Jos., Ant. 2, 64) Mt 27:34a; Mk 15:23 v.l.; J 4:7 (δὸς πεῖν as POxy 1088, 55 [I A.D.] and Cyranides p. 49, 16. Cp. Lamellae Aur. Orphicae ed. AOlivieri 1915 p. 12 σοι δώσουσι πιεῖν θείης ἀπὸ κρήνης [IV/III B.C.]), vs. 10. πῶς παρʼ ἐμοῦ πεῖν αἰτεῖς, how can you ask me for a drink? vs. 9.—In imagery, of the earth: γῆ ἡ πιοῦσα τὸν ὑετόν Hb 6:7 (this figure and corresp. exprs. Trag. et al.; cp. Hdt. 3, 117; 4, 198; Anacreontea 21, 1; Dt 11:11; SibOr 3, 696). In J, Jesus calls those who are thirsty to him, that they may drink the water he gives them and never thirst again (cp. Lucian, Dial. Deor. 4, 5 πίνειν τῆς ἀθανασίας) J 4:14; 7:37.② In an idiom πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον w. added words that make the sense clear drink the cup=submit to a severe trial, or death (ποτήριον b) Mt 20:22f; Mk 10:38f; J 18:11; cp. Mt 26:42; ApcPt Rainer 16 (for the fig. use cp. Herodas 1, 25 π. ἐκ καινῆς=from the new cup. Then, as Mt 20:22f; Mk 10:38f of those who suffer the same fate: Aristoph., Eq. 1289 οὔποτʼ ἐκ ταὐτοῦ μεθʼ ἡμῶν πίεται ποτηρίου=he will never drink from the same cup as we do; Libanius, Ep. 355, 4 F. μνήμη τῶν ἐκ ταὐτοῦ κρατῆρος πεπωκότων). Sim. πίεται ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ Rv 14:10; cp. 18:3 (on the rdg. s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 50f; θυμός 1; 2; cp. w. acc. τρώγειν καὶ π. τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ, τὸν τῆς ἀθανασίας ἄρτον Iren. 4, 38, 1 [Harv. II 293, 12]).—B. 331. DELG s.v. πίνω. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
36 πῶς
πῶς (Hom.+)① interrog. reference to manner or way, in what way? how?ⓐ in direct questionsα. to determine how someth. has come to be, how someth. is happening, or should happen; w. indic. how? in what way? πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο; Lk 1:34. πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις; 10:26; cp. the indirect qu. Mk 12:26 (s. b, below). πῶς οὖν ἠνεῴχθησάν σου οἱ ὀφθαλμοί; J 9:10.—3:4, 9; 9:26; Ro 4:10 (π. οὖν); 1 Cor 15:35 (cp. 1 Ch 13:12); B 5:5 (π. οὖν); IEph 19:2 (π. οὖν); Hm 3:3 (π. οὖν); GJs 17:11 AcPl Ha 5, 3. In ref. to the content of a document πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις; what do you read?=‘What does it say?’ Lk 10:26 (s. HLjungvik, Eranos 62, ’64, 31); πῶς γέγραπται; What does it say (about the Messiah)? GJs 21:2 (codd.). W. the special mng. with what right? with what evidence? in what sense? πῶς λέγουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς ὅτι ὁ Χριστὸς υἱὸς Δαυίδ ἐστιν; Mk 12:35.—Mt 22:43 (π. οὖν), 45; Lk 20:41, 44 (cp. Gen 39:9); J 12:34 (GrBar 10:8).—γέγραπται Mk 9:12.β. in questions indicating surprise how is it (possible) that? I do not understand how (Manetho[?] in Jos., C. Ap. 259 a series of questions expressing surprise, introduced again and again by πῶς; Lucian, Deor. Conc. 10 πῶς φέρεις; TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 12f [Stone p. 68]) πῶς παρʼ ἐμοῦ πεῖν αἰτεῖς; J 4:9.—7:15; Ac 2:8; Gal 4:9. W. οὖν J 9:19; AcPl Ha 10, 9. W. a neg. (Isocr. 6, 4) πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε; how is it possible that you don’t understand? Mt 16:11; Mk 8:21 v.l. πῶς οὐκ ἔχετε πίστιν; how is it that you have no faith? Mk 4:40 v.l. πῶς οὐ συνίετε; 8:21 v.l. Cp. Lk 12:56.γ. in questions denoting disapproval or rejection with what right? how dare you? πῶς ἐρεῖς τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου; Mt 7:4 (πῶς ἐρεῖς as Jer 2:23). πῶς εἰσῆλθες ὧδε; how is it that you are bold enough to come in here? 22:12. πῶς σὺ λέγεις; how can you say? (cp. Job 33:12; TestAbr B 10 p. 115, 4 [Stone p. 78, 4]) J 14:9.—Lk 6:42; what does he mean by saying? J 6:42; 8:33; 1 Cor 15:12; Gal 2:14.δ. in rhetorical questions that call an assumption into question or reject it altogether how (could or should)?=by no means, it is impossible that (Job 25:4; Ar. 3, 2 al; Just., D. 51, 2 al.; Tat., 4, 2; Ath. 16, 4; 19, 2) πῶς (οὖν) σταθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ; Mt 12:26; Lk 11:18. Cp. Mt 12:29, 34; Mk 3:23; 4:13; J 3:12; 5:44, 47; 6:52; 9:16; 14:5 (KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 94f). ἐπεὶ πῶς κρινεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὸν κόσμον; otherwise (i.e. if he were unjust) it would be impossible for God to judge the world Ro 3:6. Cp. 6:2; 1 Cor 14:7, 9, 16; 1 Ti 3:5; Hb 2:3; 1J 3:17; 4:20 v.l.; B 5:10; MPol 9:3; Hv 3, 9, 10.—If πῶς is accompanied by a neg., the ‘impossible’ becomes most surely, most certainly (Hyperid. 3, 35; 5, 15; Pr 15:11 πῶς οὐχί; EpArist 149; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 256; Just., D. 18, 3 πῶς οὐχί; al.; Tat. 8, 1; 32, 2) πῶς οὐχὶ τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν χαρίσεται; Ro 8:32.—2 Cor 3:8.—As an exceptional case the opt. w. ἄν (potential; s. B-D-F §385, 1; Rob. 938; 1021f and Ael. Aristid. 29 p. 557 D.; Just., D. 127, 3; Tat. 16, 1; 17, 3f; Ath. 19, 3 al.) πῶς γὰρ ἂν δυναίμην;=it is impossible for me to do so Ac 8:31 (s. Gen 44:8; Dt 28:67; Sir 25:3).ε. in questions of deliberation w. a deliberative subjunctive (B-D-F §366, 1; Rob. 934f.—Epict. 4, 1, 100; M. Ant. 9, 40; 2 Km 23:3; Sir 49:11; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 19, 2) πῶς οὖν πληρωθῶσιν αἱ γραφαί; Mt 26:54. πῶς ὁμοιώσωμεν τὴν βασιλείαν; what comparison can we find for the Kingdom? Mk 4:30. πῶς φύγητε; how are you to escape?=you will not escape at all Mt 23:33. πῶς οὖν w. subj. Ro 10:14a, foll. by πῶς δέ and the subj. three times in vss. 14bc, 15.—Hs 5, 7, 3.ⓑ in indirect questionsα. w. indic. after verbs of knowing, saying, asking etc. ἀκούειν B 7:3 (Just., A I, 40, 1 al.); cp. Mk 12:26. ἀπαγγέλλειν Lk 8:36; 1 Th 1:9. βλέπειν 1 Cor 3:10; Eph 5:15. διηγεῖσθαι Mk 5:16; Ac 9:27ab; 12:17. εἰδέναι (X., Mem. 1, 2, 36) J 9:21; Col 4:6; 2 Th 3:7; GJs 23:3. ἐπέχειν Lk 14:7; ἐπιδεικνύειν B 6:13. ἐπισκέπτεσθαι Ac 15:36. ἐπίστασθαι 20:18. ἐρωτᾶν J 9:15. θεωρεῖν Mk 12:41 (TestAbr B 8 p. 113, 10 [Stone p. 74]). καταμαθεῖν Mt 6:28 (on π. αὐξάνουσιν here s. PKatz, JTS 5, ’54; 207–9); ISm 6:2. κατανοεῖν Lk 12:27; 1 Cl 24:1; 37:2. μεμνῆσθαι GJs 9:2. μνημονεύειν Rv 3:3. νοεῖν 1 Cl 19:3. ὁρᾶν 50:1.—The addition of an article gives the indir. question the value of a noun παρελάβετε τὸ πῶς δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν 1 Th 4:1 (s. also β below).—In some of the passages given above in this section πῶς could have the same mng. as ὅτι that, and this equation at the same time suggests how the Hellenic ear grasped the significance of ὅτι that (for the synonymity in later Gk. s. Epict. 1, 18, 7; 2, 25, 3; 3, 22, 51; Jos., Ant. 12, 205; BGU 37, 6 [50 A.D.]; PRyl 235, 6 ἐθαύμασα δὲ πῶς οὐκ ἐδήλωσάς μοι. See GHatzidakis, Einl. in die neugriech. Gramm. 1892, 19; Rdm.2 196; B-D-F §396; Rob. 1032). That is clearly the mng. in Mt 12:4; Mk 2:26; Ac 11:13; B 11:1; B 14:6; 1 Cl 34:5.β. w. deliberative subjunctive (ParJer 6, 11 and 14) μὴ μεριμνήσητε πῶς ἢ τί λαλήσητε Mt 10:19.—Mk 11:18; 14:1, 11; Lk 12:11. μεριμνᾷ πῶς ἀρέσῃ 1 Cor 7:32, 33, 34 (t.r. has the fut. in Mk 11:18 and 1 Cor 7:32–34; s. Herodian 5, 4, 9 ἠγνόουν, πῶς χρήσονται τῷ πράγματι). In this case, too, the article can be added (s. α) Lk 22:2, 4; Ac 4:21 (ParJer 6:15).② in exclamations (cp. 1aβ; Schwyzer II 626) how … ! (X., An. 6, 5, 19 al.; Epict. 1, 16, 13; 4, 1, 115; 116, Ench. 24, 3 πῶς ἄνισοί ἐστε καὶ ἀγνώμονες; M. Ant. 6, 27.—B-D-F §436; Rob. 302; OLagercrantz, Eranos 18, 1918, 26ff; KRupprecht, Philol. 80, 1924, 207) πῶς δύσκολόν ἐστιν Mk 10:24; cp. vs. 23; Lk 18:24. πῶς συνέχομαι 12:50. πῶς ἐφίλει αὐτόν J 11:36.—Hm 11:20; 12, 4, 2.—JBauer, Pōs in der gr. Bibel, NovT 2, ’57, 81–91. DELG s.v. πο-. M-M. EDNT. -
37 σημεῖον
σημεῖον, ου, τό (s. prec. entry; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog.; loanw. in rabb.; Hippol., Ref. 6, 27, 4; Did., Gen. 115, 9 ‘symbol’; gener. ‘sign’)① a sign or distinguishing mark whereby someth. is known, sign, token, indication (Diod S 3, 66, 3=evidences τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ θεοῦ; Cornutus 16 p. 21, 9.—Arrian, Anab. 6, 26, 4 of marks in the landscape showing direction; ParJer 5:11 τὰ ς. τῆς πόλεως; Just., A I, 55, 6 al.; Iren. 1, 14, 8 [Harv. I 143, 10]; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 43, 36 ς. τῆς μετὰ θάνατον ἐπιφανείας αὐτοῦ [sc. Ἰησοῦ]; 2, 59, 6 of the scars of the resurrected Lord τὰ ς. τῆς κολάσεως). τοῦτο ὑμῖν σημεῖον this (will be) a sign for you Lk 2:12 (cp. Is 37:30). ὅ ἐστιν ς. ἐν πάσῃ ἐπιστολῇ this is the mark of genuineness in every letter 2 Th 3:17 (Ps.-Pla., Ep. 13, 360a has at its beginning the words σύμβολον ὅτι παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἐστιν). Of a signal previously agreed upon δοῦναί τινι σημεῖον (PFay 128, 7 ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν σημεῖον ‘he gave us a signal’; Jos., Ant. 12, 404) Mt 26:48; 1 Cl 12:7.— A sign of things to come (PsSol 15:9 τὸ … σημεῖον ἀπωλείας ἐπὶ τοῦ μετώπου αὐτῶν; Did., Gen. 191, 6; Philo, Op. M. 58 σημεῖα μελλόντων; Jos., Bell. 6, 285; 296; 297) Mk 13:4; Lk 21:7. The event to be expected is added in the gen. τί τὸ ς. τῆς σῆς παρουσίας; Mt 24:3. τὸ ς. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου the sign by which one can mark the coming of the Human One (Son of Man) vs. 30 (TGlasson, JTS 15, ’64, 299f [a military metaphor, ‘standard’; cp. Is 18:3; 1QM 3f]). τὰ σημεῖα τῶν καιρῶν the signs of the (end)times (καιρός 3b) Mt 16:3.— A sign of warning (Plut., Caes. 737 [63, 1]; SibOr 3, 457; Mel., P. 14, 90) 1 Cl 11:2. Prob. in like manner αἱ γλῶσσαι εἰς σημεῖόν εἰσιν τοῖς ἀπίστοις the tongues (γλῶσσα 3) serve as a (warning) sign to the unbelievers 1 Cor 14:22. Likew. the sign of Jonah (s. Ἰωνᾶς 1) in Luke: Lk 11:29, 30. Here the Human One is to be a sign to his generation, as Jonah was to the Ninevites; cp. οὗτος κεῖται εἰς σημεῖον ἀντιλεγόμενον (s. ἀντιλέγω 2) 2:34 (cp. Is 11:12).—W-S. §30, 10d.—GRunze, Das Zeichen des Menschensohnes u. der Doppelsinn des Jonazeichens 1897 (against him PSchmiedel, Lit. Centralblatt 48, 1897, 513–15; Runze again, ZWT 41, 1898, 171–85; finally PSchm. ibid. 514–25); PAsmussen, Protestantenblatt 37, 1904, 375–8; STyson, Bibl. World 33,1909, 96–101; CBowen, AJT 20, 1916, 414–21; JMichael, JTS 21, 1920, 146–59; JBonsirven, RSR 24, ’34, 450–55; HGale, JBL 60, ’41, 255–60; PSeidelin, Das Jonaszeichen, StTh 5, ’51, 119–31; AVögtle, Wikenhauser Festschr. ’53, 230–77; OGlombitza, D. Zeichen des Jona, NTS 8, ’62, 359–66.—In the OT circumcision is σημεῖον διαθήκης=a sign or token of belonging to the covenant (Gen 17:11). For Paul this sign becomes a mark, or seal (so σημεῖον: PRev 26, 5 [III B.C.]; PRein 9 introd. [II B.C.]; 35, 3; BGU 1064, 18) σημεῖον ἔλαβεν περιτομῆς σφραγῖδα he got the mark of circumcision as a seal Ro 4:11. In the difficult pass. B 12:5 ἐν σημείῳ is prob. best taken as by a sign; but it is poss. that the text is defective (s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.; RKraft, Did. and Barnabas ’65, 119 note: ‘standard, norm’).—τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου 2 Cor 12:12a belongs rather to the next category; the signs of the (true) apostle (cp. SIG 831, 14 [117 A.D.] ἡγούμην σημεῖα ἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν) are, as is shown by the verb κατειργάσθη and what follows, the wonders or miracles performed by him.② an event that is an indication or confirmation of intervention by transcendent powers, miracle, portentⓐ miracleα. a miracle of divine origin, performed by God himself, by Christ, or by men of God (cp. Diod S 5, 70, 4 πολλὰ ς. of the young Zeus; 16, 27, 2 ἐγένετο αὐτῷ σημεῖον ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος; Strabo 16, 2, 35 παρὰ τ. θεοῦ ς.; Appian, Ital. 8 §1 σημείων γενομένων ἐκ Διός, Hann. 56 §233; SIG 709, 25 [c. 107 B.C.] διὰ τῶν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ γενομένων σαμείων; PGM 1, 65; 74; Jos., Ant. 2, 274; 280; Mel., P. 78, 568): Mt 12:38f; 16:1 (ς. ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ), 4; Mk 8:11 (ς. ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, as Synes., Prov. 1, 7; s. OLinton, The Demand for a Sign from Heaven, StTh 19, ’65, 112–29; JGibson, JSNT 38, ’90, 37–66, a phenomenon suggesting divine deliverance), 12; 16:17, 20; Lk 11:16 (ς. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ), 29 (s. 1 above); 23:8; J 2:11, 18, 23; 3:2; 4:54; 6:2, 14, 26, 30; 7:31; 9:16; 10:41; 11:47; 12:18, 37; 20:30 (on σημ. as a designation of Jesus’ miracles in J s. Hdb. on J 2:11 and 6:26; JBernard, ICC John 1929, I introd. 176–86; CBarrett, The Gosp. acc. to St. John, ’55, 62–65); Ac 4:16, 22 (τὸ ς. τῆς ἰάσεως the miracle of healing); 8:6; 1 Cor 1:22; Agr 9. τί εἴδετε σημεῖον ἐπὶ τὸν γεννηθέντα βασιλέα; what kind of sign did you see over the newborn king? GJs 21:2 (codd.). τὸ σημεῖον τὸ ἐνάρετον the marvelous sign AcPl Ha 3,16.—σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα (Polyb. 3, 112, 8 σημείων δὲ καὶ τεράτων πᾶν μὲν ἱερόν, πᾶσα δʼ ἦν οἰκία πλήρης; Plut., Alex. 706 [75, 1 sing.]; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 36 §144 τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα οὐράνια; 4, 4 §14; Aelian, VH 12, 57; Philo, Mos. 1, 95, Aet. M. 2; Jos., Bell. 1, 28, Ant. 20, 168. Oft. in LXX: Ex 7:3; Dt 4:34; 6:22; 7:19 al.; Is 8:18; 20:3; Jer 39:21; Wsd 8:8; 10:16) J 4:48; Ac 2:43; 4:30; 5:12; 6:8; 7:36; 14:3; 15:12; Ro 15:19; Hb 2:4; 1 Cl 51:5; B 4:14; 5:8. δυνάμεις καὶ τέρατα κ. σημεῖα Ac 2:22; 2 Cor 12:12b (SSchreiber, Paulus als Wundertäter: BZNW 79, ’96) σημεῖα καὶ δυνάμεις Ac 8:13.—1 Cl 25:1; 2 Cl 15:4. SMc-Casland, JBL 76, ’57, 149–52; MWhittaker, Studia Evangelica 5, ’68, 155–58.β. worked by Satan or his agents to mislead God’s people (s. Iren. 5, 28, 2 [Harv. V 401, 32]) Rv 13:13f; 16:14; 19:20. σημεῖα κ. τέρατα Mt 24:24; Mk 13:22 (GBeasley-Murray, A Commentary on Mk 13, ’57; EGrässer, D. Problem der Parusie-verzögerung, ’57, 152–70); 2 Th 2:9; D 16:4.ⓑ portent terrifying appearances in the heavens, never before seen, as portents of the last days Lk 21:11, 25 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 4 §14 σημεῖα πολλά around the sun; AscIs 3, 20); Ac 2:19 (cp. Jo 3:3); s. D 16:6. Of that which the seer of the Apocalypse sees ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ Rv 12:1, 3; 15:1. Of the portentous signs in heaven and earth at the death of Jesus GPt 8:28 (cp. Da 6:28 Theod. σημεῖα κ. τέρατα ἐν οὐρανῷ κ. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; Diod S 38 + 39 Fgm. 5: at the end of each one of the eight ages ordained by God there is a σημεῖον ἐκ γῆς ἢ οὐρανοῦ θαυμάσιον).—On miracles s. SIG 1168–73; RLembert, Das Wunder bei Römern u. Griechen I 1905; RReitzenstein, Hellenist. Wundererzählungen 1906, OWeinreich, Antike Heilungswunder 1909, Gebet u. Wunder: WSchmid Festschr. 1929, 169ff; PWendland, De Fabellis Antiquis earumque ad Christianos Propagatione 1911; FKutsch, Attische Heilgötter u. Heilheroen 1913; WJayne, The Healing Gods of Ancient Civilizations 1925; RHerzog, D. Wunderheilungen v. Epidaurus ’31; PFiebig, Jüdische Wundergeschichten des ntl. Zeitalters 1911; ASchlatter, Das Wunder in d. Synagoge 1912.—RLehmann, Naturwissenschaft u. bibl. Wunderfrage 1930; GNaumann, Die Wertschätzung des Wunders im NT 1903; GTraub, Das Wunder im NT2 1907; KBeth, Die Wunder Jesu 1908; JThompson, Miracles in the NT 1911; LFonck, Die Wunder des Herrn im Ev.2 1907; LFillion, Les miracles de Jésus-Christ 1909/1910; PDausch, Die Wunder Jesu 1912; SEitrem, Nordisk Tidskrift for Filologie 5, 1919, 30–36; RBultmann, Die Gesch. der synopt. Tradition2 ’31, 223–60; RJelke, Die Wunder Jesu 1922; GShafto, The Wonders of the Kingdom 1924; JBest, The Miracles of Christ in the Light of our Present Day Knowledge ’37; TTorrance, Expository Studies in St. John’s Miracles ’38; ARichardson, The Miracle Stories of the Gospels ’41; AFridrichsen, Le Problème du Miracle dans le Christianisme primitif: Études d’ Hist. et de Phil. rel. XII 1925; HSchlingensiepen, Die Wunder des NT ’33; OPerels, D. Wunderüberlieferung der Synoptiker ’34; PSaintyves, Essais de folklore biblique 1923; GMarquardt, D. Wunderproblem in d. deutschen prot. Theologie der Gegenwart ’33; GDelling, D. Verständnis des Wunders im NT, ZST 24, ’55, 265–80, Zur Beurteilung des Wunders durch d. Antike: Studien zum NT ’70, 53–71; SMcCasland, Signs and Wonders, JBL 76, ’57, 149–52; CBarrett, The Gosp. Acc. to John ’55, 62–65; JCharlier, La notion de signe (sêmeion) dans J: RSPT 43, ’59, 434–48; PRiga, Signs of Glory (J): Int 17, ’63, 402–24; HvanderLoos, The Miracles of Jesus ’65; WNicol, The Semeia in the Fourth Gosp. ’72; for Acts s. FNeirynck, the Miracle Stories in the Acts of the Apostles, An Introduction, in Les Actes des Apôtres, ed. JKremer ’79, 169–213.—Esp. on the healing of demoniacs JWeiss, RE IV 408ff; JJaeger, Ist Jesus Christus ein Suggestionstherapeut gewesen? 1918; KKnur, M.D., Christus medicus? 1905; KDusberger, Bibel u. Kirche ’51, 114–17 (foretoken).—RGrant, Miracle and Natural Law in Graeco-Roman and Early Christian Thought ’52. S. also the lit. s.v. δαιμόνιον 2.—See further MWestermann, ed. ΠΑΡΑΔΟΞΑΓΡΑΦΟΙ, Scriptores Rerum Mirabilium Graeci, 1839.—B. 914. DELG s.v. σῆμα. M-M. DBS XII 1281–1330. EDNT. ABD IV 869 (lit.). TW. Spicq. Sv. -
38 ἀγοράζω
ἀγοράζω impf. ἠγόραζον; 1 pl fut. ἀγοράσομεν Gen 43:4; 1 aor. ἠγόρασα, pass. ἠγοράσθην.① to acquire things or services in exchange for money, buy, purchase (so, trans., Aristoph. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Jos., Ant. 12, 175; Test12Patr), w. acc. of thing (X., An. 1, 5, 10; Gen 42:7; 2 Ch 34:11) τὸν ἀγρὸν ἐκεῖνον Mt 13:44; Lk 14:18; αὐτόν (i.e. μαργαρίτην) Mt 13:46; σινδόνα Mk 15:46; ἀρώματα 16:1; μάχαιραν Lk 22:36; cp. 14:19; J 4:8; 6:5. τὸν γόμον αὐτῶν Rv 18:11. W. rel. clause as obj.: ἀ. ὧν χρείαν ἔχομεν what we need J 13:29. Of fields and fig. of souls= win Hs 1:8 f. W. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing (Gen 43:4; 44:25) ἑαυτοῖς βρώματα Mt 14:15; cp. Mk 6:36. W. dat. of pers. only Mt 25:9. ἀ. τι εἴς τινα someth. for someone Lk 9:13. Abs. (Gen 42:5; 2 Ch 1:16) Mt 25:10; 1 Cor 7:30. W. πωλεῖν (Aristoph., Ach. 625; SIG 330, 19; Is 24:2; 1 Macc 13:49; Jos., Bell. 2, 127) Rv 13:17; cp. Mt 21:12; Mk 11:15; Lk 17:28; 19:45 v.l. W. price given in genit. (UPZ 93, 6=PParis 59, 6; Dt 2:6; Bar 1:10; s. B-D-F §179; Rob. 510f) δηναρίων διακοσίων ἄρτους buy 200 denarii worth of bread Mk 6:37. Also ἐκ (pap in Kuhring [s. ἀνά beg.] 27f; EpJer 24) ἠγόρασαν ἐξ αὐτῶν (i.e. w. the 30 shekels of silver) τὸν ἀγρόν Mt 27:7. W. the seller mentioned παρά τινος (Isocr. 2, 54; PCairZen 25, 25 [III B.C.]; PLond III, 882, 24 p. 14; 1208, 10 p. 19; POxy 1149, 5; Dt 2:6; 2 Esdr 20:32) ἀ. παρʼ ἐμοῦ χρυσίον Rv 3:18.② to secure the rights to someone by paying a price, buy, acquire as property, fig. ext. of 1, of believers, for whom Christ has paid the price w. his blood: w. gen. of price ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς you were bought for a price 1 Cor 6:20; 7:23 (s. τιμή 1). τινά 2 Pt 2:1. W. dat. of possessor and ἐν of price (B-D-F §219, 3; cp. 1 Ch 21:24): ἠγόρασας τῷ θεῷ ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9. W. ἀπό τινος to indicate from whom or from what the purchase separates: ἠγορασμένοι ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς Rv 14:3; cp. vs. 4.—Since Deissmann (LO 271–81) it has been fashionable to understand esp. St. Paul’s statements from the perspective of religious law which in reality bestowed freedom on a slave purchased by a divinity (ἀ. of the purchase of a slave SIG2 844, 9; OGI 338, 23; PGissUniv 20, 14 [II A.D.]; POxy 1149, 5f. SIG 845, 1 has ἐπρίατο in a manumission; s. LMitteis, Reichsrecht u. Volksrecht 1891, 374ff; Dssm. LO 275, n. 9 [LAE 322ff ]). For arguments against the traditional application of Deissmann’s data, see WElert, TLZ 72, ’47, 265–70; FBonner, Untersuchungen über die Religion der Sklaven in Griechenland und Rom ’57; SLyonnet, Biblica 42, ’61, 85–89. The normal practice of slave-purchase can account for the NT formulation (cp. HKraft, Hdb. ad loc.) but whatever the writers’ intentions, sacral imagery would occur to some of their Gr-Rom. publics.—B. 818. DELG s.v. ἀγορά. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
39 παραλαμβάνω
παραλαμβάνω (Eur., Hdt.+) 2 aor. παρέλαβον, 1 pl. παρελάβαμεν (AcPlCor 1:5), 3 pl. παρελάβοσαν 2 Th 3:6 v.l. (B-D-F §84, 2; 14; Mlt-H. 209); 1 aor. inf. παραλάβαι (GJs 9:1); pf. inf. παρειληφέναι Papias (2, 2); fut. mid. παραλήμψομαι (on the spelling with μ s. Mayser p. 194f; Thackeray p. 108ff; B-D-F §101 p. 53; §Mlt-H. 246f; Reinhold 46f; WSchulze, Orthographica 1894.—On the mid. s. B-D-F §77; Rob. 356). Pass.: 1 fut. παραλημφθήσομαι Lk 17:34f (on the spelling with μ s. above on the fut. mid.); 1 aor. ptc. acc. sg. fem. παραλημφθεῖσαν Wsd 16:14; pf. παρείλημμαι Num 23:20.① to take into close association, take (to oneself), take with/along (Gen 47:2; 2 Macc 5:5; TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 8f [Stone p. 38]; Jos., Vi. 66) Mt 2:13f, 20f; 17:1; 26:37; Mk 4:36; 5:40; 9:2; Lk 9:28; Ac 15:39; 16:33; 21:24, 26, 32 (v.l. λαβών); 23:18; Ox 840, 7; Hs 6, 3, 3. παραλαμβάνει ἕτερα πνεύματα ἑπτά (the evil spirit) brings along seven other spirits (to help him) Lk 11:26 (Menand., Col. 123 S. [112 Kö.] ἑξήκονθʼ ἑταίρους παραλαβών). Pass. (Diod S 2, 40, 2) εἷς παραλαμβάνεται καὶ εἷς ἀφίεται the one is taken (by angels s. Mt 24:31), the other is left Mt 24:40; cp. vs. 41; Lk 17:34f. π. τινὰ μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ (μετὰ σοῦ, μετʼ αὐτοῦ. Cp. Gen 22:3) Mt 12:45; 18:16; Mk 14:33. W. acc. of pers., and w. goal indicated by εἰς take (along) to, into (Aelian, VH 2, 18; Num 23:27; Just., D. 99, 2) Mt 4:5, 8; 27:27. παραλήμψομαι ὑμᾶς πρὸς ἐμαυτόν I will take you to myself J 14:3 (s. Dssm., LO 144 [LAE 166]; with me to my home AHumphries, ET 53, ’41/42, 356). π. τινὰ κατʼ ἰδίαν take someone aside Mt 20:17. Also without κατʼ ἰδίαν w. the same purpose of private instruction Mk 10:32; Lk 9:10 (here κατʼ ἰδίαν does not belong grammatically with παραλ.); 18:31.—Of one’s wife: take (her) into one’s home Mt 1:20, 24 (cp. Hdt. 4, 155; Lucian, Toxar. 24; SSol 8:2; Jos., Ant 1, 302; 17, 9). Joseph takes Mary from the temple and brings her into his own house GJs 9:1, 3; 13:1; 15:2; 16:1, 3.—Take into custody, arrest Ac 16:35 D. Pass., GPt 1:2 παρ[αλη]μφθῆναι (another poss. restoration: παρ[απε]μφθῆναι, s. app. and παραπέμπω).② to gain control of or receive jurisdiction over, take over, receiveⓐ τινά someone, a prisoner J 19:16b (cp. παρέδωκεν ibid. vs. 16a.—Both verbs in this sense in Appian, Bell. Civ. 6, 76 §310f).ⓑ τὶ someth.α. τὴν διακονίαν Col 4:17 (SIG 663, 12 [c. 200 B.C.] the office of priest). τὶ ἀπό τινος Hs 6, 2, 6.β. βασιλείαν ἀσάλευτον receive a kingship that cannot be shaken Hb 12:28 (βας. π.: Hdt. 2, 120; OGI 54, 5ff [III B.C.]; 56, 6; 90, 1; 8; 47; 2 Macc 10:11; Da 6:1, 29; Jos., Ant. 15, 16, C. Ap. 1, 145; Just., D. 32, 1. Of the ἅγιοι ὑψίστου Da 7:18).γ. of a mental or spiritual heritage (Hdt., Isocr., Pla. et al., esp. of mysteries and ceremonies that one receives by tradition [s. παραδίδωμι 3]: Theon Smyrn., Expos. Rer. Math. p. 14 Hiller τελετὰς παραλ. Cp. Plut., Demetr. 900 [26, 1]; Porphyr., Abst. 4, 16; Herm. Wr. 1, 26b; CIA III 173; also the rabbinic term קִבֵּל) τὶ someth. 1 Cor 15:3 (w. παραδίδωμι, as Jos., Ant. 19, 31). B 19:11; D 4:13. παρελάβετε τὸν λόγον you received the pronouncement or teaching AcPl Ha 8, 25=Ox 1602, 38 and BMM recto 32 (on variations in the textual tradition s. Sander’s note p. 85). παρʼ ὸ̔ παρελάβετε (=παρὰ τοῦτο ὅ) Gal 1:9. τὰ νόμιμα τοῦ θεοῦ Hv 1, 3, 4. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Hs 9, 25, 2. ἃ παρέλαβον κρατεῖν things that have come down to them to observe Mk 7:4 (s. B-D-F §390, 3). τί παρά τινος (Pla., Lach. 197d, Euthyd. 304c σοφίαν παρά τινος. The constr. w. παρά is common in ins and pap; cp. Philo, Cher. 68) Gal 1:12; 1 Th 2:13; 2 Th 3:6 (παράδοσιν παραλ.). AcPlCor 1:5. παρελάβετε παρʼ ἡμῶν τὸ πῶς δεῖ περιπατεῖν. you have learned from us how you ought to comport yourselves 1 Th 4:1. παρὰ τῶν ἐκείνοις γνωρίμων Papias (2, 2). ὡς παρέλαβεν παρὰ τοῦ ἁγίου EpilMosq 2 (w. παραδίδωμι). παρέλαβον ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου, ὸ̔ καὶ παρέδωκα ὑμῖν 1 Cor 11:23 (s. ἀπό 5d). ἀπὸ (ὑπὸ) τῶν θυγατέρων Φιλίππου Papias (11:2; cp. 2:9). ὑπὸ τοῦ πρὸ ἐμοῦ ἀποστόλων AcPlCor 2:4 (w. παραδίδωμι).—παραλ. τὸν Χριστὸν Ἰης. accept Christ Jesus, i.e. the proclamation of him as Lord Col 2:6.③ Somet. the emphasis lies not so much on receiving or taking over, as on the fact that the word implies agreement or approval, acceptⓐ w. regard to persons: οἱ ἴδιοι αὐτὸν οὐ παρέλαβον his own people did not accept him J 1:11.ⓑ w. regard to teaching and preaching (Just., A I, 13, 1 μόνην ἀξίαν αὐτοῦ τιμὴν ταύτην παραλαβόντες) accept: τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ὸ̔ εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν ὸ̔ καὶ παρελάβετε 1 Cor 15:1. ἃ καὶ ἐμάθετε καὶ παρελάβετε Phil 4:9.—M-M. EDNT. TW. -
40 εἰ
εἰ, [dialect] Att.-[dialect] Ion. and Arc. (for εἰκ, v. infr. 11 ad init.), = [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol. αἰ, αἰκ (q. v.), Cypr.Aἤ Inscr.Cypr.135.10
H., both εἰ and αἰ in [dialect] Ep.:— Particle used interjectionally with imper. and to express a wish, but usu. either in conditions, if, or in indirect questions, whether. In the former use its regular negative is μή; in the latter, οὐ.A INTERJECTIONALLY, in Hom., come now! c. imper.,εἰ δὲ.. ἄκουσον Il.9.262
; εἰ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ φευγόντων ib.46; most freq. with ἄγε (q. v.), 1.302, al.2 in wishes, c. opt.,ἀλλ' εἴ τις.. καλέσειεν 10.111
, cf. 24.74; so later,εἴ μοι ξυνείη μοῖρα S.OT 863
(lyr.); : more freq. folld. byγάρ, αἲ γὰρ δὴ οὕτως εἴη Il.4.189
, al.;εἰ γὰρ γενοίμην ἀντὶ σοῦ νεκρός E.Hipp. 1410
;εἰ γὰρ γένοιτο X.Cyr.6.1.38
;εἰ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ εἴη Pl.Prt. 310d
; of unattained wishes, in Hom. only c. opt.,εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν.. Διὸς πάϊς αἰγιόχοιο εἴην Il.13.825
;Ζεῦ πάτερ, αἰ γὰρ ἐμὸς πόσις εἴη Alcm.29
; later with past tenses of ind.,εἰ γάρ μ' ὑπὸ γῆν.. ἧκεν A.Pr. 152
(anap.); εἰ γὰρ τοσαύτην δύναμιν εἶχον ὥστε .. E.Alc. 1072: twice in Od. c. inf. (cf. the use of inf. in commands),αἰ γὰρ τοῖος ἐὼν.. ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεσθαι 7.311
, cf. 24.376.b εἴθε, [dialect] Ep. αἴθε, is freq. used in wishes in the above constructions, ;εἴθ' ὣς ἡβώοιμι Il.7.157
;ἰὼ γᾶ, εἴθ' ἔμ' ἐδέξω A.Ag. 1537
(lyr.);εἴθε σοι, ὦ Περίκλεις, τότε συνεγενόμην X.Mem.1.2.46
: later c. inf.,γαίης χθαμαλωτέρη εἴθε.. κεῖσθαι AP9.284
(Crin.).c εἰ γάρ, εἴθε are also used with ὤφελον ([dialect] Ep. ὤφελλον), of past unattained wishes,αἴθ' ὤφελλες στρατοῦ ἄλλου σημαίνειν Il.14.84
; εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον [κατιδεῖν] Pl.R. 432c.d folld. by a clause expressing a consequence of the fulfilment of the wish, αἰ γὰρ τοῦτο.. ἔπος τετελεσμένον εἴη· τῷ κε τάχα γνοίης .. Od. 15.536, cf. 17.496, al.; sts. hard to distinguish from εἰ in conditions (which may be derived from this use),εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
.B IN CONDITIONS, if:I with INDIC.,1 with all tenses (for [tense] fut., v. infr. 2), to state a condition, with nothing implied as to its fulfilment, εἰ δ' οὕτω τοῦτ' ἐστίν, ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον εἶναι but if this is so, it will be.., Il.1.564: any form of the Verb may stand in apodosi,εἰ θεοί τι δρῶσιν αἰσχρόν, οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί E.Fr.292.7
;εἰ δοκεῖ, πλέωμεν S.Ph. 526
;εἰ Φαῖδρον ἀγνοῶ, καὶ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπιλέλησμαι Pl.Phdr. 228a
;κάκιστ' ἀπολοίμην, Ξανθίαν εἰ μὴ φιλῶ Ar.Ra. 579
, cf. Od.17.475;εἰ θεοῦ ἦν, οὐκ ἦν αἰσχροκερδής· εἰ δ' αἰσχροκερδής, οὐκ ἦν θεοῦ Pl.R. 408c
;εἰ ταῦτα λέγων διαφθείρω τοὺς νέους, ταῦτ' ἂν εἴη βλαβερά Id.Ap. 30b
, cf. 25b; εἰ οὗτοι ὀρθῶς ἀπέστησαν, ὑμεῖς ἂν οὐ χρεὼν ἄρχοιτε if these were right in their revolt, (it would follow that) you rule when you have no right, Th.3.40.b to express a general condition, if ever, whenever, sts. with [tense] pres.,εἴ τις δύο ἢ καὶ πλείους τις ἡμέρας λογίζεται, μάταιός ἐστιν S.Tr. 943
: with [tense] impf.,εἴ τίς τι ἠρώτα ἀπεκρίνοντο Th.7.10
: rarely with [tense] aor., D.S.31.26.1, S.E.P.1.84; cf. 111.2.2 with [tense] fut. (much less freq. than ἐάν c. subj.), either to express a future supposition emphatically,εἰ φθάσομεν τοὺς πολεμίους κατακαίνοντες οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν ἀποθανεῖται X.Cyr.7.1.19
; ; εἰ αὕτη ἡ πόλις ληφθήσεται, ἔχεται ἡ πᾶσα Σικελία ibid.; in threats or warnings, ;εἰ τιμωρήσεις Πατρόκλῳ, αὐτὸς ἀποθανῇ Pl.Ap. 28c
, cf. D.28.21: or,b to express a present intention or expectation, αἶρε πλῆκτρον εἰ μαχεῖ if you mean to fight, Ar.Av. 759;ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἀνήρ.. εἰ ταῦτ' ἀνατεὶ τῇδε κείσεται κράτη S.Ant. 485
, cf. Il.1.61, E.Hec. 863.3 with historical tenses, implying that the condition is or was unfulfilled.a with [tense] impf., referring to present time or to continued or repeated action in past time (in Hom. always the latter, Il.24.715, al.): ταῦτα οὐκ ἂν ἐδύναντο ποιεῖν, εἰ μὴ διαίτῃ μετρίᾳ ἐχρῶντο they would not be able to do this (as they do), if they did not live an abstemious life, X.Cyr.1.2.16, cf. Pl.R. 489b; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he ([place name] Agamemnon) would not have been master of islands, if he had not had also some naval force, Th.1.9;αἰ δ' ἦχες ἔσλων ἴμερον ἢ κάλων.. αἴδως κεν.. ἦχεν Sapph.28
; εἰ ἦσαν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ.. οὐκ ἄν ποτε ταῦτα ἔπασχον if they had been good men, they would never have suffered as they did, Pl.Grg. 516e, cf. X.Mem.1.1.5; εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδἐ.. οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε if I had known this.., Il.8.366.b with [tense] aor. referring to past time,εἰ μὴ ἔφυσε θεὸς μέλι.. ἔφασκον γλύσσονα σῦκα πέλεσθαι Xenoph.38
; εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς ἤλθετε, ἐπορευόμεθα ἂν ἐπὶ βασιλέα had you not come, we should be on our way.., X.An.2.1.4;καὶ ἴσως ἂν ἀπέθανον, εἰ μὴ ἡ ἀρχὴ διὰ ταχέων κατελύθη Pl.Ap. 32d
, cf. Il.5.680, Od.4.364, D.4.5, 27.63: with [tense] plpf. in apodosi,εἰ τριάκοντα μόναι μετέπεσον τῶν ψήφων, ἀπεπεφεύγη ἄν Pl. Ap. 36a
.c rarely with [tense] plpf. referring to action finished in past or present time, λοιπὸν δ' ἂν ἦν ἡμῖν ἔτι περὶ τῆς πόλεως διαλεχθῆναι, εἰ μὴ προτέρα τῶν ἄλλων τὴν εἰρήνην ἐπεποίητο if she had not (as she has done) made peace before the rest, Isoc.5.56, cf. Pl.Ti. 21c.II with SUBJ., εἰ is regularly joined with ἄν ([dialect] Ep. κε, κεν), cf. ἐάν: Arc. εἰκαν in Tegean Inscrr. of iv B. C. (IG5(2).3.16, 31, 6.2, SIG306.34) should be understood as εἰκ ἄν (εἰ: εἰκ = οὐ: οὐκ), since εἰ δ' ἄν is also found in IG5(2).3.2, 6.45, and εἰκ alone, ib.3.21; but ἄν ([etym.] κε, κεν) are freq. absent in Hom. as Od.5.221, 14.373 (and cf. infr. 2), and Lyr., Pi. (who never uses εἰ with ἄν or κε ([etym.] ν)) P.4.266, al.; in dialects,αἰ δείλητ' ἀγχωρεῖν IG9(1).334.6
([dialect] Locr., v B. C.), cf. Foed.[dialect] Dor. ap. Th.5.79; rarely in Hdt.,εἰ μὴ ἀναβῇ 2.13
; occasionally in Trag., A.Eu. 234, S.OT 198 (lyr.), etc.; very rarely in [dialect] Att. Prose,εἰ ξυστῶσιν αἱ πόλεις Th.6.21
; : in later Prose,εἴ τις θελήσῃ Apoc.11.5
;εἰ φονεύῃ Plot.2.9.9
, cf. Procl. Inst.26.1 when the apodosis is [tense] fut., to express a future condition more distinctly and vividly than εἰ c. opt., but less so than εἰ c. [tense] fut. ind. (supr. 1.2a); εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἕρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' .. if thou do thus.., thou shalt know, Il.2.364, cf. 1.128, 3.281, Od.17.549;ἂν δέ τις ἀνθιστῆται, σὺν ὑμῖν πειρασόμεθα χειροῦσθαι X. An.7.3.11
; ἂν μὴ νῦν ἐθέλωμεν ἐκεῖ πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ, ἐνθάδ' ἴσως ἀναγκασθησόμεθα τοῦτο ποιεῖν if we be not now willing, D.4.50, cf. X.Cyr. 5.3.27: folld. by imper., ἢν εἰρήνης δοκῆτε δεῖσθαι, ἄνευ ὅπλων ἥκετε ib.3.2.13, cf. 5.4.30.2 when the apodosis is present, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition, if ever, ἤν ποτε δασμὸς ἵκηται, σοὶ τὸ γέρας πολὺ μεῖζον (sc. ἐστί) whenever a division comes, your prize is (always) greater, Il.1.166; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death come near, E.Alc. 671; with ἄν omitted,εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον.. καταπέψῃ ἀλλά.. ἔχει κότον Il.1.81
.b with Rhet. present in apodosis, ἐὰν μὴ οἱ φιλόσοφοι βασιλεύσωσιν, οὐκ ἔστι κακῶν παῦλα there is (i.e. can be, will be) no rest.., Pl.R. 473d.III with OPTATIVE (never with ἄν in early Gr., later ἐάν c. opt., Dam.Pr. 114, al.),1 to express a future condition less definitely than ἐάν c. subj., usu. with opt. with ἄν in apod., ἦ κεν γηθήσαι Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες.. εἰ σφῶιν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιιν surely they would exult, if they should hear.., Il.1.255, cf. 7.28, Od.3.223;εἴης φορητὸς οὐκ ἄν, εἰ πράσσοις καλῶς A.Pr. 979
;οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄν με ἐπαινοίη, εἰ ἐξελαύνοιμι τοὺς εὐεργέτας X.An.7.7.11
;οἶκος δ' αὐτός, εἰ φθογγὴν λάβοι, σαφέστατ' ἂν λέξειεν A.Ag.37
, etc.: [tense] fut. opt. is f.l. in Pl.Tht. 164a: with [tense] pres. ind. in apod., Xenoph.34.3, Democr.253: with [tense] fut.ind., Meliss.5.b in Hom.sts. with [tense] pres. opt., to express an unfulfilled present condition, εἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα φεροίμην if we were now contending, etc., Il.23.274: rarely in Trag., εἰ μὴ κνίζοι ( = εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568; alsoεἰ ἀναγκαῖον εἴη ἀδικεῖν ἢ ἀδικεῖσθαι, ἑλοίμην ἂν μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθαι Pl.Grg. 469c
.2 when the apodosis is past, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition in past time (corresponding to use of subj. in present time, supr. 11.2); once in Hom.,εἴ τίς με.. ἐνίπτοι, ἀλλὰ σὺ τόν γ'.. κατέρυκες Il.24.768
; εἰ δέ τινας θορυβουμένους αἴσθοιτο.., κατασβεννύναι τὴν ταραχὴν ἐπειρᾶτο if he should see ( whenever he saw) any troops in confusion, he (always) tried, X.Cyr.5.3.55, cf. An.4.5.13, Mem.4.2.40; εἴ τις ἀντείποι, εὐθὺς ἐτεθνήκει if any one made objection, he was a dead man at once, Th. 8.66;ἀλλ' εἴ τι μὴ φέροιμεν, ὤτρυνεν φέρειν E.Alc. 755
. For εἰ c. ind. in this sense v. supr. 1.1: ind. and opt. are found in same sentence,ἐμίσει, οὐκ εἴ τις κακῶς πάσχων ἠμύνετο, ἀλλ' εἴ τις εὐεργετούμενος ἀχάριστος φαίνοιτο X.Ages.11.3
.3 in oratio obliqua after past tenses, representing ἐάν c. subj. or εἰ with a primary (never an historical) tense of the ind. in oratio recta, ἐλογίζοντο ὡς, εἰ μὴ μάχοιντο, ἀποστήσοιντο αἱ πόλεις (representing ἐὰν μὴ μαχώμεθα, ἀποστήσονται) X.HG6.4.6, cf. D.21.104, X.HG5.2.2; ἔλεγεν ὅτι, εἰ βλαβερὰ πεπραχὼς εἴη, δίκαιος εἴη ζημιοῦσθαι (representing εἰ βλαβερὰ πέπραχε, δίκαιός ἐστι) ib.32, cf. An.6.6.25; εἰ δέ τινα φεύγοντα λήψοιτο, προηγόρευεν ὅτι ὡς πολεμίψ χρήσοιτο (representing εἴ τινα λήψομαι, χρήσομαι) Id.Cyr.3.1.3; also, where oratio obliqua is implied in the leading clause, οὐκ ἦν τοῦ πολέμου πέρας Φιλίππῳ, εἰ μὴ Θηβαίους.. ἐχθροὺς ποιήσειε τῇ πόλει, i.e. Philip thought there would be no end to the war, unless he should make.. (his thought having been ἐὰν μὴ ποιήσω), D.18.145;ἐβούλοντο γὰρ σφίσιν, εἴ τινα λάβοιεν, ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον, ἢν ἄρα τύχωσί τινες ἐζωγρημένοι Th.2.5
.4 c. opt. with ἄν, only when the clause serves as apodosis as well as protasis, cf. Pl.Prt. 329b, D.4.18, X.Mem.1.5.3 (v.ἄν A. 111
. d).IV c. INF., in oratio obliqua, only in Hdt.,εἰ γὰρ δὴ δεῖν πάντως περιθεῖναι ἄλλῳ τέῳ τὴν βασιληΐην, [ἔφη] δικαιότερον εἶναι κτλ. 1.129
; , cf. 172, 3.105, 108.V after Verbs denoting wonder, delight, indignation, disappointment, contentment, and similar emotions, εἰ c. ind. is used instead of ὅτι, to express the object of the feeling in a hypothetical form, θαυμάζω εἰ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν μήτ' ἐνθυμεῖται μήτ' ὀργίζεται, ὁρῶν .. I wonder that no one of you is either concerned or angry when he sees.., D.4.43;οὐκ ἀγαπᾷ εἰ μὴ δίκην δέδωκεν, ἀλλ' εἰ μὴ καὶ χρυσῷ στεφάνῳ στεφανωθήσεται ἀγανακτεῖ Aeschin.3.147
: after past tenses,ἐθαύμασε δ' εἰ μὴ φανερόν ἐστιν X.Mem.1.1.13
;δεινὸν εἰσῄει, εἰ μὴ.. δόξει D.19.33
; ;οὐδὲ ᾐσχύνθη εἰ.. ἐπάγει D.21.105
: in oratio obliqua (expressed or implied) c. opt., ἐπεῖπεν ὡς δεινὸν (sc. εἴη)εἰ.. μεγαλόψυχος γένοιτο Aeschin.2.157
;ᾤκτιρον εἰ ἁλώσοιντο X.An.1.4.7
; ἐθαύμαζε δ' εἴ τις ἀρετὴν ἐπαγγελλόμενος ἀργύριον πράττοιτο he wondered that any one should demand money, Id.Mem.1.2.7; ἔχαιρον ἀγαπῶν εἴ τις ἐάσοι I rejoiced, being content if any one should let it pass, Pl.R. 450a:—in this use the neg. οὐ is also found, ; ;τέρας λέγεις, εἰ οὐκ ἂν δύναιντο λαθεῖν Pl.Men. 91d
, etc.VI in citing a fact as a ground of argument or appeal, as surely as, since, εἴ ποτ' ἔην γε if there was [as there was], i.e. as sure as there was such an one, Il.3.180, al.;εἰ τότε κοῦρος ἔα, νῦν αὖτέ με γῆρας ὀπάζει 4.321
; πολλοὺς γὰρ οἶκε εἶναι εὐπετέστερον διαβάλλειν ἢ ἕνα, εἰ Κλεομένεα μὲν μοῦνον οὐκ οἷός τε ἐγένετο διαβαλεῖν, τρεῖς δὲ μυριάδας Ἀθηναίων ἐποίησε τοῦτο it seems easier to deceive many than one, if (as was the fact, i.e. since) he was not able.., Hdt.5.97, cf. 1.60,al.VII ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTIONS:1 with apodosis implied in the context, εἰ having the force of in case, supposing that, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, εἰ ἐπιβοηθοῖεν, ἐχώρουν they marched towards the city [so as to meet the citizens], in case they should rush out, Th.6.100; ἱκέται πρὸς σὲ δεῦρ' ἀφίγμεθα, εἴ τινα πόλιν φράσειας ἡμῖν εὔερον we have come hither to you, in case you should tell us of some fleecy city (i.e. that we might hear of it), Ar.Av. 120; παρέζεο καὶ λαβὲ γούνων, αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι sit by him and grasp his knees [so as to persuade him], in case he be willing to help the Trojans, Il.1.408, cf. 66, Od.1.94, 3.92; ἄκουσον καὶ ἐμοῦ, ἐάν σοι ἔτι ταὐτὰ δοκῇ hear me also [that you may assent], in case the same opinion please you, Pl.R. 358b; ἰδὲ δή, ἐάν σοι ὅπερ ἐμοὶ συνδοκῇ look now, in case you approve what I do, ib. 434a.2 with apodosis suppressed for rhetorical reasons, εἴ περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλῃσιν Ὀλύμπιος.. στυφελίξαι if he wish to thrust him away, [he will do so], Il.1.580; εἰ μὲν δώσουσι γέρας—· εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they shall give me a prize, [well and good]; but if they give not, then I will take one for myself, 1.135, cf. 6.150, Ar.Pl. 468; καὶ ἢν μὲν ξυμβῇ ἡ πεῖρα—· εἰ δὲ μή .. and if the attempt succeed, [well]; otherwise.., Th.3.3, cf. Pl.Prt. 325d.3 with the Verb of the protasis omitted, chiefly in the following expressions:a εἰ μή except,οὐδὲν ἄλλο σιτέονται, εἰ μὴ ἰχθῦς μοῦνον Hdt. 1.200
; μὰ τὼ θεώ, εἰ μὴ Κρίτυλλά γ' [εἰμί]—nay, if I'm not Critylla! i.e. I am, Ar.Th. 898; εἰ μὴ ὅσον except only,ἐγὼ μέν μιν οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ ὅσον γραφῇ Hdt.2.73
, cf. 1.45, 2.20;εἰ μὴ εἰ Th.1.17
, Pl.Grg. 480b, etc.; εἰ μή τι οὖν, ἀλλὰ σμικρόν γέ μοι τῆς ἀρχῆς χάλασον if nothing else, yet.., Id.Men. 86e; ironical,εἰ μὴ ἄρα ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλεια διαφθορά ἐστιν X.Mem.1.2.8
;εἰ μή πέρ γε τὸν ὑοσκύαμον χρήματα εἶναι φήσομεν Id.Oec.1.13
.b εἰ δὲ μή but if not, i.e. otherwise,προηγόρευε τοῖς Λαμψακηνοῖσι μετιέναι Μιλτιάδεα, εἰ δὲ μή, σφέας πίτυος τρόπον ἀπείλεε ἐκτρίψειν Hdt.6.37
, cf. 56; after μάλιστα μέν, Th.1.32,35, etc.:—after a preceding neg., μὴ τύπτ'· εἰ δὲ μή, σαυτόν ποτ' αἰτιάσει don't beat me; otherwise, you will have yourself to blame, Ar.Nu. 1433;ὦ Κῦρε, μὴ οὕτω λέγε· εἰ δὲ μή, οὐ θαρροῦντά με ἕξεις X.Cyr.3.1.35
;οὔτ' ἐν τῷ ὕδατι τὰ ὅπλα ἦν ἔχειν· εἰ δὲ μή Id.An.4.3.6
, cf. Th.1.28, 131, Pl.Phd. 91c.c εἰ δέ sts. stands forεἰ δὲ μή, εἰ μὲν βούλεται, ἑψέτω· εἰ δ', ὅτι βούλεται, τοῦτο ποιείτω Pl.Euthd. 285c
, cf. Smp. 212c; ;εἰ δ' οὕτως Arist.EN 1094a24
; εἰ δὲ τοῦτο and if so, Str.2.1.29.e εἴ τις if any, i. e. as much as or more than any,τῶν γε νῦν αἴ τις ἐπιχθονίων, ὀρθῶς B.5.5
;ὄτλον ἄλγιστον ἔσχον, εἴ τις Αἰτωλὶς γυνή S.Tr.8
, cf. OC 734; εἴ τις ἄλλος, siquis alius, E.Andr.6, etc.;εἴ τινες καὶ ἄλλοι Hdt.3.2
, etc.;εἴπερ τις ἄλλος Pl.R. 501d
; also κατ' εἰ δέ τινα τρόπον in any way, IG 5(2).6.27 ([place name] Tegea).f εἴ ποτε or εἴπερ ποτέ now if ever,ἡμῖν δὲ καλῶς, εἴπερ ποτέ, ἔχει.. ἡ ξυναλλαγή Th.4.20
, cf. Ar.Eq. 594;αἴ ποτα κἄλλοτα Alc.Supp.7.11
, cf. X.An.6.4.12, etc.; but in prayers,εἴ ποτέ τοι ἐπὶ νηὸν ἔρεψα.. τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ Il.1.39
.g εἴ ποθεν (sc. δυνατόν ἐστι) if from any quarter, i.e. from some quarter or other, S.Ph. 1204 (lyr.); so εἴ ποθι somewhere, anywhere, Id.Aj. 885 (lyr.);εἴ που Od.4.193
.h εἴ πως ib. 388, X.An.2.3.11: in an elliptical sentence (cf. VII. 1),πρέσβεις πέμψαντες, εἴ πως πείσειαν Th.1.58
.VIII with other PARTICLES:1 for the distinction between καὶ εἰ (or καὶ ἐάν, or κἄν ) even if, and εἰ καί (or ἐὰν καί ) even though, v. καί:—the opposite of καὶ εἰ is οὐδ' εἰ, not even if; that of εἰ καί is εἰ μηδέ, if (although) not even.IX in neg. oaths, = Hebr. im, LXXPs.94(95).11, Ev.Marc.8.12, al.C IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS, whether, folld. by the ind., subj., or opt., according to the principles of oratio obliqua:1 with IND. after primary tenses, representing the same tense in the direct question, σάφα δ' οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ θεός ἐστιν whether he is a god, Il.5.183;εἰ ξυμπονήσεις.. σκόπει S.Ant.41
.2 with SUBJ. after primary tenses, representing a dubitative subj. in the direct question, τὰ ἐκπώματα οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ Χρυσάντᾳ τουτῳῒ δῶ whether I should give them, X.Cyr.8.4.16: sts. elliptical,ἐς τὰ χρηστήρια ἔπεμπε, εἰ στρατεύηται ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας Hdt.1.75
.3 OPT. after past tenses, representing either of the two previous constructions in the direct question, ἤρετο εἴ τις ἐμοῦ εἴη σοφώτερος he asked whether any one was wiser than I (direct ἔστι τις σοφώτερος;), Pl.Ap. 21a;ἐπεκηρυκεύετο Πεισιστράτῳ, εἰ βούλοιτό οἱ τὴν θυγατέρα ἔχειν γυναῖκα Hdt.1.60
: rarely [tense] aor. opt. for the [tense] aor. ind., ἠρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ ἀναπλεύσειεν I asked him whether he had set sail (direct ἀνέπλευσας;), D.50.55: but [tense] aor. opt. usually represents [tense] aor. subj., τὸν θεὸν ἐπήροντο εἰ παραδοῖεν Κορινθίοις τὴν πόλιν.. καὶ τιμωρίαν τινὰ πειρῷντ' ἀπ' αὐτῶν ποιεῖσθαι they asked whether they should deliver their city to the Corinthians, and should try.., Th.1.25:—in both constructions the ind. or subj. may be retained, ψῆφον ἐβούλοντο ἐπαγαγεῖν εἰ χρὴ πολεμεῖν ib. 119; ἐβουλεύοντο εἴτε κατακαύσωσιν.. εἴτε τι ἄλλο χρήσωνται whether they should burn them or should dispose of them in some other way, Id.2.4; ἀνακοινοῦσθαι αὐτὸν αὑτῷ εἰ δῷ ἐπιψηφίσαι τοῖς προέδροις [he said that] he consulted him whether he should give.., Aeschin.2.68.4 with OPT. and ἄν when this was the form of the direct question, ἠρώτων εἰ δοῖεν ἂν τούτων τὰ πιστά they asked whether they would give (direct δοιήτε ἄν;), X.An.4.8.7.5 the NEG. used with εἰ in indirect questions is οὐ, when οὐ would be used in the direct question, ἐνετέλλετο.. εἰρωτᾶν εἰ οὔ τι ἐπαισχύνεται whether he is not ashamed, Hdt.1.90, etc.; but if μή would be required in the direct form, it is retained in the indirect, οὐ τοῦτο ἐρωτῶ, ἀλλ' εἰ τοῦ μὲν δικαίου μὴ ἀξιοῖ πλέον ἔχειν μηδὲ βούλεται ὁ δίκαιος, τοῦ δὲ ἀδίκου (the direct question would be μὴ ἀξιοῖ μηδὲ βούλεται; he does not see fit nor wish, does he?) Pl.R. 349b:—in double indirect questions, εἴτε.. εἴτε.. ; εἰ.. εἴτε.. ; εἴτε.. ἢ .., either οὐ or μή can be used in the second clause, ; ; εἰ ἀληθὲς ἢ μή, πειράσομαι μαθεῖν ib. 339a;πολλὰ ἂν περιεσκέψω, εἴτε ἐπιτρεπτέον εἴτε οὔ·.. οὐδένα λόγον οὐδὲ συμβουλὴν ποιῇ, εἴτε χρὴ ἐπιτρέπειν σαυτὸν αὐτῷ εἴτε μή Id.Prt. 313a
, 313b;ἀνάγκη τὴν ἐμὴν μητέρα, εἴτε θυγάτηρ ἦν Κίρωνος εἴτε μή, καὶ εἰ παρ' ἐκείνῳ διῃτᾶτο ἢ οὔ, καὶ γάμους εἰ διττοὺς ὑπὲρ ταύτης εἱστίασεν ἢ μὴ.. πάντα ταῦτα εἰδέναι τοὺς οἰκέτας Is.8.9
; τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή.. τοὺς λόγους εἰ ὀρθῶς ὑμᾶς διδάσκουσιν ἢ οὔ Antipho 5.14.
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αντί — (I) και αντίς πρόθ. (AM ἀντί) 1. (για τόπο) απέναντι, αντίκρυ «στάθηκε αντί στο πέλαγο κι αντί στ άγριο το κύμα» (δημοτ. τραγ.) «μηδ ἀντ ἠελίου τετραμμένος ὀρθὸς ὁμιλεῑν» (Ησίοδ.) 2. σε αντάλλαγμα, σε αντικατάσταση «παρὰ δὲ Ἑρμιονέων νῆσον ἀντὶ… … Dictionary of Greek
