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41 δύναμις
δύναμις, εως, ἡ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) gener. ‘capability’, with emphasis on function.① potential for functioning in some way, power, might, strength, force, capabilityⓐ general, λαμβάνειν δ. receive power Ac 1:8 (cp. Epict. 1, 6, 28; 4, 1, 109; Tat. 16, 1 δραστικωτέρας δ.); ἰδίᾳ δ. by one’s own capability 3:12. Of kings τὴν δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν αὐτῶν τῷ θηρίῳ διδόασιν Rv 17:13 (cp. Just., A I, 17, 3 βασιλικῆς δ.).—Of God’s power (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 66, 33 Jac. θεῶν δ., Diod S 1, 20, 6 τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν of Osiris’ function as benefactor to humanity; 5, 71, 6; 27, 12, 1; 34 + 35 Fgm. 28, 3; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 70, 75; 84; 23 [40], 36; Herm. Wr. 14, 9 ὁ θεὸς …, ἡ [ᾧ v.l.] πᾶσα δύναμις τοῦ ποιεῖν πάντα; PGM 4, 641; 7, 582; 12, 250; LXX; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 13, 12, 4; 7 [Fgm. 4, ln. 22 p. 164; ln. 84 p. 172]; EpArist; Jos., Ant. 8, 109; 9, 15; SibOr 3, 72; Just., A I, 32, 11 al.) Mt 22:29; Mk 12:24; Lk 22:69; Ro 1:16, 20 (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 167 God is known through his δ.); 9:17 (Ex 9:16); 1 Cor 1:18, 24; 2:5; 6:14; 2 Cor 4:7; 6:7; 13:4; Eph 3:7; 2 Ti 1:8; 1 Pt 1:5; Rv 1:16; 11:17; 12:10; 15:8; cp. 2 Cor 12:9a; Rv 5:12; 1 Cl 11:2; 33:3; Dg 7:9; 9:1f; δ. ὑψίστου Lk 1:35. In doxology (1 Ch 29:11f; on the doxol. in the Lord’s Prayer HSchumaker, Cath. World 160, ’45, 342–49) Mt 6:13 v.l.; D 8:2; 9:4; 10:5. Cp. Rv 4:11; 7:12; 19:1.—IMg 3:1; ISm 1:1; Hv 3, 3, 5; m 5, 2, 1; PtK 2. Hence God is actually called δ. (Philo, Mos. 1, 111, Mut. Nom. 29; Ath. 16, 2) Mt 26:64; Mk 14:62 (cp. Wsd 1:3; 5:23 and Dalman, Worte 164f). Christ possesses a θεία δ. (this expr. in Aristot., Pol. 4 [7], 4, 1326a 32; PGM 12, 302 al.; s. Orig., C. Cels. 3, 40, 20 al.; Did., Gen. 60, 8; s. θεῖος 1a) 2 Pt 1:3; cp. 1:16 and 1 Cor 5:4; of Christ’s potential to achieve someth. through Paul 2 Cor 12:9b (cp. SEG XXXIV, 1308, 5f [50 B.C.–50 A.D.]). In Hs 9, 26, 8, the potential associated with the women in black leads to destruction. δ. leaves Christ at his death GPt 5:19 (s. LVaganay, L’Évangile de Pierre 1930, 108; 254ff). ἐν τῇ τοῦ κυρίου δ. AcPlCor 2:39.— Power of the Holy Spirit (Jos., Ant. 8, 408; Just., D. 87, 4f al.) Lk 4:14; Ac 1:8; Ro 15:13, 19 (ἐν δ. πν. [θεοῦ]); Hm 11:2, 5. ἐν ἀποδείξει πνεύματος καὶ δυνάμεως 1 Cor 2:4; cp. ἐγείρεται ἐν δ. 15:43, foll. by σῶμα πνευμάτικον. δυνάμει κραταιωθῆναι be strengthened in power (i.e. with ability to function) by the Spirit Eph 3:16. Hence the Spirit given the Christian can be called πνεῦμα δυνάμεως, i.e. in contrast to an unenterprising spirit, πνεῦμα δειλίας, God offers one that functions aggressively, 2 Ti 1:7; cp. 1 Pt 4:14 v.l.; AcPl Ha 8, 25/BMM 32f/Ox 1602, 39. The believers are ἐν πάσῃ δ. δυναμούμενοι equipped w. all power Col 1:11; cp. Eph 1:19; 3:20 (for Eph 1:19 cp. 1QH 14:23; 11:29 al.; for Eph 3:16, 6:10 cp. 1QH 7:17, 19; 12:35; 1QM 10:5; see KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 336); esp. the apostles and other people of God Lk 24:49; Ac 4:33; 6:8; cp. AcPl Ha 6, 21. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δ. Ἠλίου Lk 1:17.—Of the devil’s destructive capability Lk 10:19; cp. Rv 13:2. ἡ δύναμις τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ νόμος what gives sin its power to function is the law 1 Cor 15:56.ⓑ specif., the power that works wonders (SEG VIII, 551, 39 [I B.C.]; POxy 1381, 206ff; PGM 4, 2449; 12, 260ff; Just., D. 49, 8 κρυφία δ.; s. JZingerle, Heiliges Recht 1926, 10f; JRöhr, D. okkulte Kraftbegriff im Altertum 1923, 14f) Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; Hv 1, 3, 4. ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ θεός δυνάμει (God endowed him to perform miracles) Ac 10:38 (Dio Chrys. 66 [16], 10 of Jason: χρισάμενος δυνάμει τινί, λαβὼν παρὰ τῆς Μηδείας; Diod S 4, 51, 1 τ. τρίχας δυνάμεσί τισι χρίσασα=she anointed her hair with certain potions; 4, 51, 4; 17, 103, 4 ὁ σίδηρος κεχριμένος ἦν φαρμάκου δυνάμει=with a poisonous potion. Diod S 1, 97, 7 a powerful medium=φάρμακον; s. ἐξουσία 7; also RAC II 415–58). τὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ δ. ἐξελθοῦσαν potency emanated from him Mk 5:30; cp. Lk 8:46; δ. παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἐξήρχετο 6:19; cp. 5:17; perh. also (but s. 3 below) Gal 3:5; 1 Cor 12:28f (on the pl. δυνάμεις s. X., Cyr. 8, 8, 14; Herm. Wr. 13, 8 al.; on this ADieterich, E. Mithraslit. 1903, 46f; cp. PKöhn VI, 245, 18 Athena; for parallels and lit. s. Ptocheia [=ASP 31] ’91, 55). ἐν δ. with power, powerful(ly) (TestJob 47:9; Synes., Ep. 90 p. 230d τοὺς ἐν δ.) Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; μετὰ δυνάμεως Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27.—κατὰ δύναμιν w. gen. (Lucian, Imag. 3) by the power of Hb 7:16. Hebraist.=δυνατός (but readily understood in the Greek world as a defining gen., e.g. λόγου ἄνοια=vocal frenzy Soph. Antig. 603; s. Judg 3:29; 20:46 [ἄνδρες δυνάμεως B =ἄνδρες δυνατοί A]; Wsd 5:23): τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ by his powerful word 1:3; μετʼ ἀγγέλων δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ w. messengers of his power i.e. angels who exercise Jesus’ power 2 Th 1:7 (unless this is to be rendered with KJV et al. his mighty angels) (cp. En 20:1; GrBar 1:8; 2:6); μὴ ἔχων δ. powerless Hv 3, 11, 2; m 9:12. ἰσχυρὰν δ. ἔχειν be very powerful m 5, 2, 3; cp. 9:11; ἐν ποίᾳ δ.; by what power? (s. under 5) Ac 4:7. ὕψος δυνάμεως pride in (one’s) power B 20:1.—Effectiveness in contrast to mere word or appearance 1 Cor 4:19f; 1 Th 1:5. ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι they have the outward appearance of piety, but deny its function 2 Ti 3:5 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 409 τὸ ὄνομα τ. βασιλείας εἶχεν, τ. δὲ δύναμιν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι=[Alexandra] bore the title queen, but the Pharisees were in control). δ. πίστεως the power of faith in contrast to verbal profession IEph 14:2. Sim. δ. w. ἐξουσία (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 65) potent authority i.e. the word of Jesus is not only authoritative but functions effectively ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ, for the unclean spirits depart Lk 4:36; 9:1.—W. ἰσχύς 2 Pt 2:11 (Ath. 24, 2); w. ἐνέργεια Hm 6, 1, 1 (cp. Galen X, 635); τὴν δ. τῆς ἀναστάσεως the effectiveness of his (Christ’s) resurrection, which brings about the resurrection of the believers Phil 3:10.—Of the peculiar power inherent in a thing (of the healing power of medicines since Hippocr.; cp. Diod S 1, 20, 4; 1, 97, 7; 17, 103, 4; Plut., Mor. 157d al.; Dio Chrys. 25 [42], 3; Galen, Comp. Med. XIII 707 K.). δ. πυρός Hb 11:34 (Diod S 15, 50, 3 δ. τοῦ φωτός=the intensity of the light).② ability to carry out someth., ability, capability (cp. Democrit, Fgm. B 234; Pla., Philb. 58d; cp. Aristot., Metaph. 4, 12, 1019a 26; Epict. 2, 23, 34; 4 Km 18:20; Ruth 3:11; Jos., Ant. 10, 54; Just., D. 4, 1) δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος Hb 11:11 (s. entry καταβολή). κατὰ δύναμιν according to ability (Diod S 14, 81, 6 v.l.; SIG 695, 9; 44 [129 B.C.]; PGM 4, 650; POxy 1273, 24; BGU 1050, 14; Sir 29:20; Jos., Ant. 3, 102; Just., A II, 13, 6; also ὅση δ. A I, 13, 1; 55, 8 al.; ὡς δ. μου D. 80, 5) 2 Cor 8:3a; ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν δ. to each according to his special capability (cp. SIG 695, 55) Mt 25:15; AcPl Ha 7, 17. Opp. beyond one’s ability ὑπὲρ δύναμιν (Demosth. 18, 193; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 1 §3; 2, 13 §49; POxy 282, 8; Sir 8:13) 2 Cor 1:8 or παρὰ δ. (Thu. 3, 54, 4; PPetr II, 3b, 2 [III B.C.]; POxy 1418, 3; Jos., Ant. 14, 378) 8:3b.③ a deed that exhibits ability to function powerfully, deed of power, miracle, wonder (Ael. Aristid. 40, 12 K.=5 p. 59 D.: δυνάμεις ἐμφανεῖς; 42, 4 K.=6 p. 64 D. al.; Eutecnius 4 p. 41, 13; POxy 1381, 42; 90f τ. δυνάμεις ἀπαγγέλλειν; Steinleitner, nos. 3, 7f and 17; 8, 10 [restored] al.; Ps 117:15; Just., A I, 26, 22 al.) w. σημεῖα 2 Th 2:9; also in pl. Ac 2:22; 2 Cor 12:12; Hb 2:4; in this sense δ. stands mostly in pl. δυνάμεις Mt 7:22; 11:20f, 23; 13:54, 58; Mk 6:2; 9:39; Lk 10:13; 19:37; Ac 8:13; 19:11; 1 Cor 12:10, 28f; Gal 3:5 (on the two last pass. s. 1b above); Hb 6:5. Sg. Mk 6:5.④ someth. that serves as an adjunct of power, resource μικρὰν ἔχειν δ. have few resources Rv 3:8. Also wealth (X., An. 7, 7, 36, Cyr. 8, 4, 34; Dt 8:17f) ἐκ τῆς δ. τοῦ στρήνους fr. the excessive wealth Rv 18:3. Esp. of military forces (Hdt. et al. very oft.; cp. OGI ind. VIII; LXX; Jos., Ant. 18, 262; Just., D 131, 3), even of the heavenly bodies thought of as armies δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν the armies of heaven (Is 34:4 v.l.; 4 Km 17:16; Da 8:10 Theod.; En 18:14) Mt 24:29; Lk 21:26; cp. Mk 13:25.⑤ an entity or being, whether human or transcendent, that functions in a remarkable manner, power as a personal transcendent spirit or heavenly agent/angel ([cp. Pla., Crat. 438c] Aristot., Met. 4, 12, 1019a, 26 divinities δυνάμεις [likewise TestAbr A 14 p. 94, 21=Stone p. 36] λέγονται; Eth. Epic. col. 9, 16, w. θεοι; Porphyr., Abst. 2, 2 p. 133 Nauck δαίμοσιν ἢ θεοῖς ἤ τισι δυνάμεσιν θῦσαι; Sallust. 15 p. 28, 15 αἱ ἄνω δυνάμεις; Herm. Wr. 1, 26; 13, 15; Synes., Ep. 57 p. 191b; PGM 4, 3051; 4 Macc 5:13; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 171, Mut. Nom. 59) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 1 Pt 3:22; αἱ δ. τοῦ σατανᾶ IEph 13:1. (Cp. αἱ πονηραὶ δ., διάβολος καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ Did., Gen. 45, 4.) θεὸς ἀγγέλων καὶ δ. MPol 14:1 (cp. the ins in FCumont, Étud. syr. 1917, p. 321, 5 ὁ θεὸς τ. δυνάμεων=BCH 26, 1902, 176; Just., D. 85, 6 ἄγγελοι … καὶ δ.)—Desig. of a personal divine being as a power (i.e. an effective intermediary or expression; s. DDD 509–16) of the most high God (Ael. Aristid. 37, 28 K.=2 p. 27 D.: Athena as δ. τοῦ Διός; Just., A I, 14, 5 δ. θεοῦ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ ἦν; cp. 23, 2; Tat. 5, 1) οὗτός ἐστιν ἡ δύναμις τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ καλουμένη μεγάλη this man is what is called the Great Power of God Ac 8:10 (cp. ins of Saïttaï in Lydia εἷς θεὸς ἐν οὐρανοῖς μέγας Μὴν οὐράνιος, μεγάλη δύναμις τοῦ ἀθανάτου θεοῦ: ILydiaKP 110; PGM 4, 1275ff ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὴν μεγίστην δύναμιν τὴν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ὑπὸ κυρίου θεοῦ τεταγμένην. S. New Docs 1, 107. Cp. HKippenberg, Garizim u. Synagoge: RVV ’71, 122–24.—GWetter, ‘D. Sohn Gottes’ 1916, 8f; WSpiegelberg, Die ägypt. Gottheit der ‘Gotteskraft’: Ztschr. f. äg. Sprache 57, 1922, 145ff; FPreisigke, D. Gotteskraft der frühchristl. Zeit 1922).⑥ the capacity to convey thought, meaning (Pla., Crat. 394b; Polyb. 20, 9, 11; Dionys. Hal. 1, 68; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 19; Cass. Dio 55, 3; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 125; Just., D. 125, 1 ἡ δ. τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὀνόματος; 138, 1 ὀγδόης ἡμέρας … δυνάμει … πρώτης) of language 1 Cor 14:11; of stones Hv 3, 4, 3; cp. 3, 8, 6f.—OSchmitz, D. Begriff δ. bei Pls: ADeissmann Festschr. 1927, 139–67; WGrundmann, D. Begriff d. Kraft in d. ntl. Gedankenwelt ’32; Dodd 16–20; EFascher, Dynamis Theou: ZTK n. s. 19, ’38, 82–108; LBieler, Δύναμις u. ἐξουσία: Wiener Studien 55, ’38, 182–90; AForster, The Mng. of Power for St. Paul, ATR 32, ’50, 177–85; MBarré, CBQ 42, ’80, 216–27 (contrast w. ‘weakness’ in Qumran lit.)—DELG. Lampe s.v. δύναμις VI B and VII. RAC IV 441–51. EDNT. M-M. TW. -
42 θέλημα
θέλημα, ατος, τό (s. two next entries; Antiphon Soph. 58; Aristot., De Plant. 1, 1 p. 815b, 21; Aeneas Tact. 2, 8; 18, 19; POxy 924, 8 [IV A.D.]; LXX; PsSol 7:3; OdeSol 11:21; TestSol, Test12Patr, JosAs; ParJer 1:7; ApcEsdr 4:24 p. 28, 2 Tdf.; ApcSed, Just., Tat., Mel., P. 76, 552)① what one wishes to happen, objective sense, what is willedⓐ gener. ἐὰν θ. ᾖ if it is his (God’s or Christ’s) will IEph 20:1; IRo 1:1 (θέλημα abs.=God’s will also ISm 11:1; IPol 8:1 and in Paul Ro 2:18; s. also b below). γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου Mt 6:10; 26:42; Lk 11:2 v.l.; D. 8:2; τὸ θ. τοῦ θεοῦ γενέσθω MPol 7:1. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ θ. τ. πέμψαντός με J 6:39f. μὴ τὸ θ. μου ἀλλὰ τὸ σὸν γινέσθω Lk 22:42. Cp. Ac 21:14; Col 4:12; Hb 10:10 (only here in the NT w. ἐν; cp. AcPlCor 2:26). οὕτως οὐκ ἔστιν θέλημα ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ πατρὸς ἵνα so it is not the Father’s will that Mt 18:14 (οὐκ ἔστιν θ. as Mal 1:10; Eccl 5:3; 12:1).ⓑ what one wishes to bring about by one’s own action, since one has undertaken to do what one has willed οὐ ζητῶ τὸ θ. τὸ ἐμόν I do not aspire (to do) my own will J 5:30a; 6:38. τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ the secret purpose of God’s will, i.e. the carrying out of God’s plan of salvation Eph 1:9. οὐκ ἦν θ., ἵνα ἔλθῃ he was not willing to come 1 Cor 16:12 (but this passage could also belong under the abs. use of 1a).ⓒ what one wishes to bring about by the activity of others, to whom one assigns a task.α. of persons ὁ δοῦλος ὁ γνοὺς τὸ θ. τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ what his master wants Lk 12:47 (in a parable). τὸ θ. τοῦ πατρός Mt 21:31.β. of the devil εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θ. to do his will 2 Ti 2:26.γ. predom. of God (or Christ) τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ (cp. Herm. Wr. 5, 7; 13, 2; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 197; TestIss 4:3, TestNapht 3:1; Just., A I, 63, 10 al.) Ro 12:2; Eph 5:17; 1 Th 4:3; 5:18; 1 Pt 2:15; 4:2; cp. J 5:30b; 1 Cl 40:3; 56:2. θελήματι τοῦ κελεύοντος λόγου Dg 11:8. γινώσκειν τὸ θέλημα know the will Ro 2:18; Ac 22:14. ἡ ἐπίγνωσις τοῦ θ. αὐτοῦ Col 1:9; ποιεῖν τὸ θ. (1 Esdr 9:9; 4 Macc 18:16; JosAs 12:3) Mt 7:21; 12:50; Mk 3:35; J 4:34; 6:38b; 7:17; 9:31; Eph 6:6; Hb 10:7, 9 (both Ps 39:9), 36; 13:21; 1J 2:17; 2 Cl 5:1; 6:7; 8:4; 9:11; 10:1; 14:1; Pol 2:2. Also ποιεῖν τὰ θελήματα (Ps 102:21; Is 44:28; 2 Macc 1:3) GEb121, 34; Mk 3:35 v.l.; Ac 13:22. μὴ λειποτακτεῖν (q.v.) ἀπὸ τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 21:4. προσέλθωμεν τῷ θ. αὐτοῦ let us heed the (Lord’s) will 33:8. ὑποτασσώμεθα τῷ θ. αὐτοῦ 34:5 (opp. ἀντιτασσόμενος 36:6; ἐναντιουμένους 61:1). εἶξαι … τῷ θ. τοῦ θεοῦ 56:1.δ. ποιεῖν τὰ θελήματα τ. σαρκός do what the flesh desires Eph 2:3.② the act of willing or desiring, subjective sense, willⓐ of the human will (Ps 1:2) θελήματι ἀνθρώπου by an act of the human will 2 Pt 1:21. ἐὰν … ἐπιδῶμεν ἑαυτοὺς τοῖς θελήμασιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Cl 14:2 if we heedlessly permit ourselves to be controlled by the will of humans ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν περὶ τ. ἰδίου θ. have control over one’s desire 1 Cor 7:37; here θ. acc. to many has the connotation of sexual desire, as J 1:13 (θ. σαρκός, θ. ἀνδρός; cp. PGM 4, 1430; 1521; 1533). Of the will of an assembled crowd, directed toward the death of Jesus Lk 23:25.ⓑ as a rule of the will of God (or Christ) ἡ βουλὴ τοῦ θ. Eph 1:11; ἡ εὐδοκία τοῦ θ. vs. 5 (cp. CD 3, 15). εἰ θέλοι τὸ θ. τοῦ θεοῦ if the will of God should so decree 1 Pt 3:17 (cp. Just., D. 119, 1 θελήματι τοῦ θελήσαντος). θελήματι θεοῦ by God’s will ITr 1:1; Pol 1:3. Also διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ Ro 15:32; 1 Cor 1:1; 2 Cor 1:1; 8:5; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1; 1 Cl 32:3f; Χριστοῦ AcPl Ha 5, 35; also διὰ τὸ θέλημα Rv 4:11 or ἐν τ. θελήματι τ. θεοῦ Ro 1:10; ἐν θ. θεοῦ 1 Cl 49:6; AcPl Ha 7, 13; AcPlCor 2:26; cp. 1 Cl ins; IEph ins, or ἐκ θελήματος θεοῦ (cp. Ps 27:7) 1 Cl 42:2; πρὸς τὸ θ. according to (the master’s) will Hs 9, 5, 2. Also κατὰ τὸ θ. (1 Esdr 8:16) Gal 1:4; 1J 5:14; 1 Pt 4:19; IPhld ins; ISm 1:1; 1 Cl 20:4; Hm 12, 6, 2; MPol 2:1 (Just., D. 85, 4 al.).—DELG s.v. ἐθέλω. M-M. TW. -
43 μετά
μετά (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. and acc., in the NT not (B-D-F §203; Rob. 610) w. dat.—For lit. s. ἀνά, beg.; also for μετά (and σύν) Tycho Mommsen, Beiträge zu d. Lehre v. den griech. Präp. 1895. Basic idea: ‘in the vicinity of ’.A. w. gen. with① marker of placement, with, among, in company with someone (Gen 42:5; EpArist 180; En 22:13; 99:10; PsSol 4:6; JosAs 10:3 al.) or someth. ἦν μετὰ τῶν θηρίων he was among the wild animals Mk 1:13 (Diog. L. 6, 92 μόσχοι μετὰ λύκων). ἦν συγκαθήμενος μ. τῶν ὑπηρετῶν he sat down among the servants 14:54. μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη he was classed among the criminals Mk 15:28; Lk 22:37. τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ μ. τῶν ἀπίστων θήσει he will assign him his lot among the faithless (unbelievers?) Lk 12:46; cp. Mt 24:51. ζῆτειν τὸν ζῶντα μ. τῶν νεκρῶν seek the living among the dead Lk 24:5. μὴ γογγύζετε μετʼ ἀλλήλων do not grumble among yourselves J 6:43. εἱστήκει Ἰούδας μετʼ αὐτῶν 18:5. ἡ σκηνὴ τ. θεοῦ μετὰ τ. ἀνθρώπων Rv 21:3a. μετὰ τῶν νεφελῶν in the midst of the clouds 1:7.② marker of assoc. in gener. sense denoting the company within which someth. takes place, withⓐ w. gen. of pers. in company w. whom someth. takes placeα. w. verbs of going, remaining, etc. προσέρχεσθαι μ. τινος come (in company) with someone Mt 20:20; cp. 5:41; Mk 1:29; 3:7; 5:24, 37; 11:11; 14:17; Lk 2:51; 6:17; 9:49; 14:31; J 3:22b; 11:54; Ac 24:1; Gal 2:1. Angels accompanying the Messiah Mt 25:31; cp. 16:27; Mk 8:38; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Th 1:7. περιπατεῖν μ. τινος (Menand., Fgm. 178 Kö., Sam. 587f S. [242f Kö.]; ApcEsdr 6:12) J 6:66. γίνεσθαι μ. τινος be, remain with someone Ac 7:38; 9:19; 20:18; AcPlCor 2:4 (ApcMos 2 ἐγένοντο μ. ἀλλήλων). οἱ μ. αὐτοῦ γενόμενοι his companions Mk 16:10. μένειν μ. τινος stay with someone 1J 2:19 (ParJer 3:15). ζήσασα μ. ἀνδρός Lk 2:36. ἀκολουθεῖν μ. τινος follow (after) someone Rv 6:8; 14:13 (s. ἀκολουθέω 2).β. used w. trans. verbs ἄγειν τινὰ μ. ἑαυτοῦ bring someone along (s. ἄγω 1b) 2 Ti 4:11. παραλαμβάνειν τινὰ μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ take or bring someone along (as a companion) (Gen 22:3) Mt 12:45; 18:16; Mk 14:33. ἔχειν τι μ. ἑαυτοῦ have someth. with oneself: bread 8:14; τινά someone (PGM 4, 1952): the lame Mt 15:30; the poor Mk 14:7; Mt 26:11; J 12:8; the bridegroom Mk 2:19b. Pass. συγκατεψηφίσθη μετὰ τ. ἕνδεκα ἀποστόλων he was chosen (to serve) with the eleven apostles Ac 1:26 (cp. Himerius, Or. 44 [=Or. 8], 3 μετὰ τῶν θεῶν ἀριθμούμενος=numbered with the gods).γ. esp. εἶναι μ. τινος be with someone, in someone’s company.א. lit. of close association: the disciples w. Jesus Mt 26:69, 71; Mk 3:14; 14:67; Lk 22:59; J 15:27; 17:24. Also of accompaniment for a short time Mt 5:25; J 3:26; 9:40; 12:17; 20:24, 26. Of Jesus’ association w. his disciples 13:33; 14:9; 16:4; 17:12. Of relations between the superintendent and the congregation μετὰ τ. ἐπισκόπου εἶναι be with, on the side of, the supervisor/bishop IPhld 3:2. οἱ μ. τινος (sc. ὄντες) someone’s friends, companions, etc. (Diod S 17, 96, 2 οἱ μεθʼ Ἡρακλέους; SIG 175, 5; 659, 5; 826e II, 30; Am 4:2; 8:10; Gen 24:59; 1 Macc 7:23; JosAs 27:7; AscIs 2:15; 3:6, 14; Jos., Vi. 397, Ant. 7, 20; Just., D. 8, 3 al.) Mt 12:3f; 26:51; Mk 1:36; 2:25; Lk 6:3f. Of things ἄλλα πλοῖα ἦν μ. αὐτοῦ other boats were with him, accompanied him Mk 4:36. ὁ μισθός μου μετʼ ἐμοῦ (sc. ἐστιν) Rv 22:12. τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ the fire (of judgment) awaits him (the interpretation of the Armenian text; sim. the Lat.) AcPlCor 2:37.ב. in ref. to supportiveness be with someone, stand by, help someone of God’s help (Gen 21:20; 26:3; 28:20 al.; Jos., Ant. 15, 138) J 3:2; 8:29; 16:32; Ac 7:9 (cp. Gen 39:2, 21); 10:38; cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 8:8); Lk 1:28; Ro 15:33. Of God’s hand (1 Ch 4:10) Lk 1:66; Ac 11:21. Of Christ: Mt 28:20; Ac 18:10.ג. a favorite expr. in conclusions of letters ὁ θεὸς τῆς ἀγάπης καὶ εἰρήνης ἔσται μ. ὑμῶν will be with you 2 Cor 13:11; cp. Phil 4:9; ὁ κύριος κτλ. 2 Th 3:16 (cp. Ruth 2:4); 2 Ti 4:22. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ μ. ὑμῶν (sc. ἔσται) 1 Cor 16:23; cp. 1 Th 5:28; 1 Cl 65:2. μ. τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25; 21:9. μ. πάντων ὑμῶν 2 Th 3:18; cp. Eph 6:24. Short and to the point: ἡ χάρις μ. ὑμῶν Col 4:18; 1 Ti 6:21; cp. Tit 3:15; Hb 13:25. ἔσται μεθʼ ἡμῶν χάρις ἔλεος εἰρήνη 2J 3.—ἡ ἀγάπη μου μ. πάντων ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ my love is with you all in Christ Jesus 1 Cor 16:24. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Χρ. καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τ. θεοῦ καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν 2 Cor 13:13 (WvanUnnik, Dominus Vobiscum: liturg. formula, TManson memorial vol., ’59, 270–305; on the Trinitarian formula s. the lit. on πνεῦμα 8).—In the expr. ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς μ. αὐτῶν Ac 14:27; 15:4 (cp. Hs 5, 1, 1) ὤν could be supplied what God has done in helping them; but ποιεῖν can just as well go w. μ. αὐτῶν has done for them, after the analogy of עָשָׂה עִם פּ׳ (Tob 12:6; 13:7 ἃ ποιήσει μεθʼ ὑμῶν; Jdth 8:26 ὅσα ἐποίησεν μετὰ Ἀβραάμ; 15:10; 1 Macc 10:27. In addition, cp. BGU 798, 8 εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῇ ἡμῶν δεσποίνῃ εἰς πάντα τὰ καλὰ ἃ ἐποίησεν μετὰ τ. δούλων αὐτῆς. But s. also LMaloney, ‘All That God Had Done with Them’ ’91, 118–21: God works ‘with’ the apostles and ‘through’ them). Here also belongs ποιεῖν ἔλεος μ. τινος have mercy on someone, show mercy to someone (Gen 24:12; 2 Km 3:8; JosAs 23:4) Lk 1:72; 10:37 (MWilcox, The Semitisms in Ac, ’65, 84f). ἐμεγάλυνεν κύριος τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτῆς the Lord has shown great mercy to her 1:58 (cp. 1 Km 12:24; Ps 125:2f).—In πληρώσεις με εὐφροσύνης μ. τοῦ προσώπου σου Ac 2:28=Ps 15:11 the LXX has literally translated אֶת־פָּנֶיךָ; it means in your presence.ד. in ref. to taking sides or being allied in some way with someone: in contrast to εἶναι κατά τινος be against someone is εἶναι μ. τινος be with someone, on someone’s side Mt 12:30a; Lk 11:23a (AFridrichsen, ZNW 13, 1912, 273–80).ⓑ to denote the company in which an activity or experience takes place: ἀνακεῖσθαι μ. τινος recline at table with someone (for a meal) Mt 26:20. ἀνακλιθῆναι 8:11; cp. Lk 24:30. βασιλεύειν Rv 20:4, 6. γρηγορεῖν Mt 26:38, 40. δειπνεῖν Rv 3:20 (TestJob 15:2). δουλεύειν Gal 4:25. ἐμπαίζειν Mt 27:41. ἐσθίειν 9:11; 24:49; Mk 2:16ab; 14:14, 18; Lk 5:30 (TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 9 [Stone p. 10]). ἠρώτα … ἵνα φάγῃ μ. αὐτοῦ he asked (him) to eat with him 7:36 (cp. TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 21 [Stone p. 68]; JosAs 7:1). εὐφραίνεσθαι 15:29; Ro 15:10 (Dt 32:43). κλαίειν 12:15b. κληρονομεῖν Gal 4:30 (Gen 21:10; Just., D. 26, 1; cp. συγκληρονομεῖν JosAs 24:9). πίνειν Mt 26:29. ποιεῖν τὸ πάσχα celebrate the Passover (with someone) 26:18. συνάγειν 12:30b; Lk 11:23b. συνεσθίειν Gal 2:12. ταράττεσθαι Mt 2:3. τρώγειν J 13:1 v.l. χαίρειν Ro 12:15a.ⓒ The associative aspect can also derive expression from the fact that two opposite parties exert influence upon one another or that one party brings the other to adopt a corresponding, and therefore common, attitudeα. in friendly, or at least not in hostile, fashion: εἰρηνεύειν (3 Km 22:45) Ro 12:18; cp. 2 Ti 2:22; Hb 12:14. εὐθηνίαν ἔχειν Hm 2:3. κοινωνίαν ἔχειν 1J 1:3a, 7. λαλεῖν μετά τινος (cp. Gen 31:24, 29; 1 Macc 7:15) Mk 6:50; J 4:27ab. συλλαλεῖν μ. τινος Mt 17:3; Ac 25:12. συμβούλιον διδόναι Mk 3:6. συνάγεσθαι Mt 28:12; J 18:2. συνᾶραι λόγον Mt 18:23; 25:19. ἐγένοντο φίλοι ὅ τε. Ἡρῴδης καὶ ὁ Πιλᾶτος μετʼ ἀλλήλων Lk 23:12. οἱ μοιχεύοντες μετʼ αὐτῆς those who commit adultery with her Rv 2:22. πορνεύειν (cp. Ezk 16:34; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 7 [Stone p. 24]) 17:2; 18:3, 9. μολύνεσθαι 14:4 (cp. En 12:4 τῶν γυναικῶν ἐμιάνθησαν).β. in hostile fashion; after verbs of fighting, quarreling, etc. to denote the pers. w. whom the strife is being carried on πολεμεῖν μ. τινος carry on war with = against someone (נִלְחַם עִם פּ׳ 1 Km 17:33; 3 Km 12:24; ParJer 7:10. But s. also OGI 201, 3 ἐπολέμησα μετὰ τῶν Βλεμύων; BGU 1035, 9; 11. Also in Mod. Gk. [AThumb, Hdb. der neugriech. Volkssprache2 1910 §162, 1 note]) Rv 2:16; 12:7; 13:4; 17:14 (B-D-F §193, 4; Rob. 610). Also πόλεμον ποιεῖν (Gen 14:2; 1 Ch 5:19) 11:7; 12:17; 13:7 (Da 7:21 Theod.); 19:19. ζητεῖν μ. τινος deliberate or dispute w. someone J 16:19; cp. 3:25 (cp. ApcEsdr 2:6 δικάζου μεθʼ ἡμῶν). κρίνεσθαι go to law w. someone 1 Cor 6:6. κρίματα ἔχειν μ. τινος have lawsuits w. someone vs. 7.ⓓ of any other relation betw. persons, whether already existing or brought about in some manner εἶδον τὸ παιδίον μ. Μαρίας Mt 2:11. ἀνταποδοῦναι ὑμῖν ἄνεσιν μ. ἡμῶν 2 Th 1:7. ἐκδέχομαι αὐτὸν μ. τῶν ἀδελφῶν 1 Cor 16:11. Of delegations, composed of several units Mt 22:16; 2 Cor 8:18. συμφωνεῖν Mt 20:2.ⓔ of things ὧν τὸ αἷμα ἔμιξεν μ. τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν Lk 13:1. Pass. πιεῖν οἶνον μ. χολῆς μεμιγμένον Mt 27:34.ⓕ to show a close connection betw. two nouns, upon the first of which the main emphasis lies (Thu. 7, 75, 3 λύπη μ. φόβου; Pla., Rep. 9, 591b ἰσχύν τε καὶ κάλλος μετὰ ὑγιείας λαμβάνειν; Ar. 11:2 τόξον ἔχειν μ. φαρέτρας) ἀγάπη μ. πίστεως Eph 6:23. πίστις μ. σωφροσύνης 1 Ti 2:15. εὐσέβεια μ. αὐταρκείας 6:6. Cp. Eph 4:2b; Col 1:11; 1 Ti 1:14. φάρμακον μ. οἰνομέλιτος ITr 6:2.③ marker of attendant circumstances of someth. that takes place, withⓐ of moods, emotions, wishes, feelings, excitement, states of mind or body (Xenophon Eph. 1, 15, 5 μ. ἀδείας; 2, 10, 4 μ. ἐπιμελείας; PAmh II, 133, 11 μετὰ πολλῶν κόπων; PLond II, 358, 8 p. 172 [II A.D.]; SIG index IV p. 445f; LXX [Johannessohn, Präp. 209ff]; En et al.) μ. αἰδοῦς with modesty 1 Ti 2:9. μ. αἰσχύνης with shame (s. αἰσχύνη 2) Lk 14:9. μ. εὐνοίας Eph 6:7. μ. εὐχαριστίας Phil 4:6; 1 Ti 4:3f; cp. Ac 24:3. μετὰ χαρᾶς (2 Macc 15:28; 3 Macc 5:21; 6:34; En 10:16; PsSol 8:16 al.; s. χαρά 1a) 1 Th 1:6; Hb 10:34; 13:17; cp. Phil 2:29. μ. φόβου καὶ τρόμου 2 Cor 7:15; Eph 6:5; Phil 2:12. μ. φόβου καὶ χαρᾶς Mt 28:8. μ. πραΰτητος καὶ φόβου 1 Pt 3:16. μ. παρρησίας (Lev 26:13; 1 Macc 4:18; s. παρρησία 3a) Ac 2:29; 4:29, 31; 28:31; Hb 4:16. μ. πεποιθήσεως 1 Cl 31:3. μ. σπουδῆς (3 Macc 5:24, 27; Mel., P. 12, 80) Mk 6:25; Lk 1:39. μ. ταπεινοφροσύνης Eph 4:2a; cp. Ac 20:19. μ. ὀργῆς (3 Macc 6:23; TestJob 4:4) Mk 3:5. μ. δακρύων in tears (3 Macc 1:16; 4:2; 5:7; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 19 [Stone p. 20]; 14 p. 94, 21 [St. p. 36]; JosAs 28:8; ApcEsdr 6:23; s. δάκρυον) Mk 9:24 v.l.; Hb 5:7; 12:17. μ. εἰρήνης (s. εἰρήνη 1b) Ac 15:33; Hb 11:31.ⓑ of other accompanying phenomena (Antig. Car. 148 μετὰ φλογὸς καίεσθαι) μ. διωγμῶν though with persecutions Mk 10:30. μ. ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν 1 Ti 4:14. μ. νηστειῶν Ac 14:23. μ. θορύβου (Jos., Ant. 5, 216) 24:18. μ. παρακλήσεως 2 Cor 8:4. μ. παρατηρήσεως Lk 17:20. μ. ὕβρεως καὶ πολλῆς ζημίας Ac 27:10 (s. ὕβρις 3). μ. φαντασίας 25:23. μ. δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27 (Just., A I, 50, 1 al. μ. δόξης, D. 132, 1 w. δυνάμεως). μ. ἐξουσίας καὶ ἐπιτροπῆς Ac 26:12 (Jos., Ant. 20, 180 μετʼ ἐξουσίας). μ. βραχίονος ὑψηλοῦ ἐξάγειν τινά (s. βραχίων) Ac 13:17. μ. φωνῆς μεγάλης w. a loud voice Lk 17:15 (cp. EpArist 235; 281; JosAs 28:9). μ. σάλπιγγος with a trumpet call Mt 24:31 (Plut., Mor. 1135f μετʼ αὐλῶν=with the sound of flutes). σφραγίσαντες τ. λίθον μετὰ τ. κουστωδίας makes the stationing of the guard an accompaniment to the sealing of the stone Mt 27:66 (another possibility here is the instrumental use of μετά [Lycurgus the orator 124 μ. παραδειγμάτων διδάσκειν; SEG VIII, 246, 8 μετὰ κυνῶν—an instrument of torture—βασανίσαι; CWessely, Neue griech. Zauberpap. 1893, 234 γράφε μ. μέλανος; 2 Macc 6:16]: secure the stone by means of a guard; s. σφραγίζω 1).ⓒ of concrete objects, which serve as equipment (Appian, Maced. 9 §4 μετὰ χρυσῶν στεφάνων; POxy 123, 15; 19 μετὰ τῶν χλαμύδων εἰσβῆναι; 1 Esdr 5:57; Jdth 15:13; TestJob 24:10 μ. ψαλίδος; JosAs 7:4 μ. χρυσίου καὶ ἀργύριου; ParJer 9:31 μ. πολλῶν λίθων; ApcSed 7:10 μ. χαλιναρίου; ApcMos 40 μ. τῶν σινδόνων) μ. μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων Mt 26:47; 55; Mk 14:43, 48; Lk 22:52. μ. φανῶν καὶ λαμπάδων καὶ ὅπλων (Xenophon Eph. p. 336, 20 μ. λαμπάδων) J 18:3.B. w. acc. In our lit. only in the mng. after, behind① marker of position that is behind someth., behind (Hom.+; Polyb.; Just., A I, 13, 4; Tat. 2, 2; not LXX) μ. τὸ δεύτερον καταπέτασμα behind the second curtain Hb 9:3.② marker of time after another point of time, after (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX)ⓐ with the time expressly given μ. πολὺν χρόνον (2 Macc 6:1.—μετʼ οὐ πολὺν χρ.: Hero Alex. I p. 340, 6; SIG 1169, 54; Jos., Vi. 407) Mt 25:19. μ. τοσοῦτον χρόνον (4 Macc 5:7; ParJer 5:18) Hb 4:7. μ. χρόνον τινά (Diod S 9, 10, 2; Witkowski 26, 9 [III B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 8, 398; cp. En 106:1 μ. δὲ χρόνον; ApcSed 13:3 μ. χρόνον) Hv 1, 1, 2f; Hs 5, 2, 5; 9, 13, 8. μ. ἡμέρας ἕξ after six days Mt 17:1; Mk 9:2 (ApcMos 42 μ. τὰς ἓξ ἡμέρας). μ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας (Artem. 4, 33 p. 224, 5; Polyaenus 6, 53; 8, 62; EpArist 301; TestJob 52:1f; 53:7; ParJer 9:14; Jos., Ant 7, 280) Mt 27:63; Mk 8:31; 10:34; Lk 2:46; cp. μ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας AcPlCor 2:30. μ. δύο ἡμέρας Mt 26:2; Mk 14:1 (cp. Caesar, Bell. Gall. 4, 9, 1 post tertiam diem=on the third day). μ. τινας ἡμέρας Ac 15:36; 24:24. μετʼ οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας (Artem. 1, 78 p. 72, 30; Jos., Ant. 5, 328, Vi. 309) Lk 15:13. οὐ μ. πολλὰς ταύτας ἡμέρας not long after these days = within a few days Ac 1:5 (B-D-F §226; 433, 3; Rob. 612; 1158; Dssm., ZVS 45, 1913, 60). W. gen. foll. μ. ἡμέρας εἴκοσι τῆς προτέρας ὁράσεως twenty days after the former vision Hv 4, 1, 1 (cp. Biogr. p. 31 μετὰ ξ´ ἔτη τοῦ Ἰλιακοῦ πολέμου; Gen 16:3). μ. τρεῖς μῆνας Ac 28:11. μ. τρία ἔτη Gal 1:18. ὁ μ. τετρακόσια καὶ τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονὼς νόμος 3:17.ⓑ w. designations that are general, but include the idea of time: μ. τὴν ἄφιξίν μου Ac 20:29. μ. τὸ πάσχα after the Passover 12:4. μ. τὴν μετοικεσίαν Βαβυλῶνος Mt 1:12.ⓒ gener. μ. τὴν θλῖψιν after the (time of) tribulation Mk 13:24; cp. μ. τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων Mt 24:29. μ. τὴν ἔγερσιν 27:53. μ. τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν Ac 13:15. μ. τὸ βάπτισμα 10:37. μ. μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν Tit 3:10. μ. τὸ ψωμίον after he had eaten the piece of bread J 13:27.—Quite gener. μ. τοῦτο after this, afterward (Lucian, Hermot. 31; Gen 18:5; Lev 14:19; EpArist 258; TestJob 11:4; TestReub 1:9; TestLevi 6:3; Just., D. 57, 4) J 2:12; 11:7, 11; 19:28; Hb 9:27; Rv 7:1. μ. ταῦτα after this (Aeneas Tact. 240; 350; Diod S 1, 7, 1; Ex 3:20; 11:8 and oft.; TestJob 21:4; TestLevi 6:5; TestJos 19:5; JosAs 10:15; ParJer 3:10; ApcEsdr 4:36; ApcMos 2; Just., A I, 32, 6) Mk 16:12; Lk 5:27; 10:1 and oft. μ. οὐ πολύ (Dio Chrys. 56 [73], 8; Lucian, Scyth. 1; Herodian 1, 9, 7; BGU 614, 14; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 96 II, 9; 1 Esdr 3:22; Jos., Ant. 12, 132) not long afterward Ac 27:14. μ. μικρόν a short while afterward Mt 26:73; Mk 14:70 (Just., D. 56, 17). Also μ. βραχύ Lk 22:58 (cp. μετʼ ὀλίγον: Lucian, Dial, Mort. 15, 3; PRyl 77, 41; Wsd 15:8; Jdth 13:9; TestAbrA 7 p. 84, 8 [Stone p. 16]; GrBar 9:3; Jos., Ant. 12, 136; 10:15; Just., D. 56, 18).ⓓ w. subst. aor. inf. foll.α. w. acc. (SIG 633, 105; 640, 13; 695, 78; 1233, 1; Sir 46:20; Jdth 16:25; Bar 1:9; 1 Macc 1:1, 9; TestAbr B 12 p. 116, 11 [Stone p. 80]; 117, 5 [St. p. 82]; TestJob 5:2; TestLevi 18:1; ApcMos 1; Just., A I, 50, 12.—B-D-F §406, 3; Rob. 979) μ. τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με after I am raised up Mt 26:32; Mk 14:28. μ. τὸ παραδοθῆναι τὸν Ἰωάννην after John was arrested Mk 1:14.—Ac 1:3; 7:4; 10:41; 15:13; 19:21; 20:1; Hv 2, 1, 3; m 4, 1, 7; Hs 8, 1, 3; 8, 2, 5.β. without acc. (Aelian, VH 12, 1 p. 118, 27; Herodian 2, 9, 5; SIG 976, 39; UPZ 110, 193 [164 B.C.]; Sir 23:20; 32:18 v.l.; 1 Macc 1:20; ApcMos 26:42f; Just., A I, 14, 1; Tat. 16, 1) μ. τὸ λαλῆσαι αὐτοῖς after he had spoken to them Mk 16:19.—Lk 12:5; 1 Cor 11:25; Hb 10:26.—W. perf. inf. 10:15.—M-M. EDNT. TW. -
44 ἡμέρα
ἡμέρα, ας, ἡ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)① the period betw. sunrise and sunset, dayⓐ lit. (opp. νύξ; e.g. Ath. 24, 2 ἀντιδοξοῦντι … ὡς … τῇ ἡμέρᾳ νύξ) Mt 4:2 (fasting for 40 days and 40 nights as Ex 34:28. S. νύξ 1d.—Cp. JosAs 13:8 ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας καὶ ἑπτὰ νύκτας; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 10 ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας κ. τὰς ἴσας νύκτας); 12:40 and oft. ἡμέρα γίνεται day is breaking (X., An. 2, 2, 13; 7, 2, 34; Appian, Iber. 74 §315; Jos., Ant. 10, 202, Vi. 405) Lk 4:42; 6:13; 22:66; Ac 12:18; 16:35; 27:29, 39. ἡμέρα διαυγάζει the day dawns 2 Pt 1:19. κλίνει declines, evening approaches Lk 9:12; 24:29 (cp. Just., D. 56, 16 ἡμέρα προκόπτει). φαίνει shines Rv 8:12. In the gen. to denote a point of time ἡμέρας in daylight (Hippocr., Ep. 19, 7; Arrian, Ind. 13, 6; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 10) 1 Cl 25:4. ἡμέρας μέσης at midday, noon (Lucian, Nigr. 34; cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 190) Ac 26:13. But also, as in Thu. et al., of time within which someth. occurs, ἡμέρας during the day Rv 21:25. ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός (by) day and night (Appian, Liby. 121, §576; Arrian, Anab. 7, 11, 4; Jos., Ant. 11, 171; Just., D. 1, 4 διʼ ὅλης νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας; also in reverse order as Is 34:10) Mk 5:5; Lk 18:7; Ac 9:24; 1 Th 2:9; 3:10; 2 Th 3:8; AcPl Ha 2, 10; 3, 2. The acc. of time νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν (in this sequence Dio Chrys. 7 [8], 15; Ael. Aristid. 51, 1 K.=27 p. 534 D.; Esth 4:16; cp. νύκτωρ καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν Mel., HE 4, 26, 5; Ath. 34, 3) (throughout the) day and (the) night Mk 4:27; Lk 2:37; Ac 20:31; 26:7. τὰς ἡμέρας every day (opp. τὰς νύκτας; cp. Dio Chrys. 4, 36; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 199) Lk 21:37; cp. πᾶσαν ἡμέραν (throughout) every day Ac 5:42 (cp. Hdt. 7, 203, 1). τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην (throughout) that day (Ael. Aristid. 49, 45 K.) J 1:39. ὅλην τ. ἡμ. (Jos., Ant. 6, 22) Mt 20:6. The acc. in a distributive sense συμφωνεῖν ἐκ δηναρίου τὴν ἡμέραν on a denarius a day Mt 20:2 (s. Meisterhans3-Schw. 205; pap in Mlt., ClR 15, 1901, 436; 18, 1904, 152). ἡμέρας ὁδός a day’s journey Lk 2:44 (cp. X., An. 2, 2, 12; Gen 31:23; 1 Macc 5:24; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 21; 23). Daylight lasts for twelve hours, during which a person can walk without stumbling J 11:9ab. ἡ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τρυφή reveling in broad daylight 2 Pt 2:13.ⓑ fig. (SibOr 5, 241) Christians as υἱοὶ φωτὸς καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας children of light and of the day 1 Th 5:5; cp. vs. 8 (in contrast, Aristoph., Fgm. 573 K. calls Chaerephon, the friend of Socrates νυκτὸς παῖδα, in a derogatory sense). In J 9:4 day denotes the period of human life; cp. Ro 13:12f.② civil or legal day, including the night, day Mt 6:34; 15:32; Mk 6:21; Lk 13:14; B 15:3ff. Opp. hours Mt 25:13; hours, months, years Rv 9:15; cp. Gal 4:10.ⓐ In the gen., answering the question, how long? (Nicostrat. Com., Fgm. 5 K. ἡμερῶν τριῶν ἤδη=now for three days; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 13 W. τριῶν ἡμ.; BGU 37, 7 [50 A.D.]; 249, 11 [70–80 A.D.] ἡμερῶν δύο διαμένομεν) τεσσεράκοντα ἡμερῶν during 40 days Ac 1:3 D*. ἑκάστης ἡμέρας each day AcPl Ha 6, 8 (cp. ILegGort 1, 9 of a fine τᾶς ἁμέρας ϝεκάστας ‘for each day’, on the gen. Buck, Dialects §170; Just., D. 2, 6 al.)—In the dat., answering the quest., when? (X., An. 4, 7, 8; Jdth 7:6; Esth 7:2; Bel 40 Theod.; JosAs 11:1; Just., A I, 67, 7 al.) τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ (cp. Arrian, Anab. 6, 4, 1 τρίτῃ ἡμ.; AscIs 3:16 τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμ.; JosAs 29:8; Just., D. 100, 1 al., cp. D. 85, 6 τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἡμ.) Mt 16:21; 17:23; Lk 9:22; 24:7, 46; 1 Cor 15:4. ᾗ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ on the day on which (PLille 15, 1 [242 B.C.] ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ; 1 Esdr 1:49; Jos., Ant. 20, 26) Lk 17:29; cp. vs. 30. μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ in (the course of) one day (Appian, Iber. 58 §244) 1 Cor 10:8.ⓑ In the acc., usu. answering the quest., how long? (X., An. 4, 7, 18; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 26 p. 410, 30 Jac. τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην=throughout that day; Polyaenus 6, 53 τρεῖς ἡμέρας; Arrian, Anab. 6, 2, 3; Lucian, Alex. 15 ἡμέρας=several days; Philo, Vi. Cont. 30 τὰς ἓξ ἡμέρας; JosAs 10:20 τὰς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας) ὅλην τ. ἡμέραν the whole day long Ro 8:36 (Ps 43:23), 10:21 (Is 65:2). ἡμέραν μίαν for one day Ac 21:7 (Just., D. 12, 3). ἔμειναν οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας J 2:12; cp. 4:40; 11:6; Ac 9:19; 10:48; 16:12; 20:6c; 21:4, 10; Gal 1:18; Rv 11:3, 9. ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας day after day (Ps.-Euripides, Rhes. 445f, Henioch. 5, 13 Kock; Gen 39:10; Num 30:15; Is 58:2; Ps 95:2; Sir 5:7; En) 2 Pt 2:8; 2 Cl 11:2 (quot. of unknown orig.; s. also e below, end). Only rarely does the acc. answer the quest., when? (Antiphanes Com. [IV B.C.] Fgm. 280; Ps.-Lucian, Halc. 3 τρίτην ἡμ.) τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς πεντηκοστῆς on the Day of Pentecost Ac 20:16. Peculiar is the expr. τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτην σήμερον ἡμέραν προσδοκῶντες this is the fourteenth day you have been waiting Ac 27:33 (cp. X., An. 4, 5, 24 ἐνάτην ἡμέραν γεγαμημένην).—ἑπτάκις τῆς ἡμέρας seven times a day Lk 17:4.ⓒ Used w. prep.: ἀπό w. gen. from … (on) Mt 22:46; J 11:53; Ac 20:18. ἀφʼ ἧς ἡμέρας (PRev 9, 1 [258 B.C.]; PsSol 18:11f; EpArist 24) Col 1:6, 9; Hm 4, 4, 3. ἀπὸ … ἄχρι … Phil 1:5. ἀπὸ … μέχρι … Ac 10:30. ἄχρι w. gen. until Mt 24:38b; Lk 1:20; 17:27; Ac 1:2; 2:29. ἄχρι ἡμερῶν πέντε five days later Ac 20:6b. μέχρι τῆς σήμερον (ἡμέρας) up to the present day (1 Esdr 8:74) Mt 28:15. ἕως τ. ἡμέρας Mt 27:64; Ac 1:22; Ro 11:8 (Dt 29:3; Just., D. 134, 5 ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμ.; for this Ath. 2, 1 εἰς … τὴν σήμερον ἡμ.). διʼ ἡμερῶν after (several) days Mk 2:1 (cp. Hdt. 6, 118, 3 διʼ ἐτέων εἴκοσι; Thu. 2, 94, 3; Pla., Hipp. Maj. 281a διὰ χρόνου=after a [long] time). διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν within three days (PPetr II, 4 [6], 8 διʼ ἡμερῶν ε´=in the course of 5 days) Mt 26:61; Mk 14:58. διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα Ac 1:3 (s. διά A 2a). διὰ τ. ἡμέρας in the course of the day Lk 9:37 D εἰς τ. ἡμέραν for the day (PPetr III, 95 col. 2, 6 [III B.C.]) J 12:7; Rv 9:15; εἰς ἡμέρας μ´ 40 days long AcPl Ha 6, 11. ἐν τῇ ἡμ. in the daytime J 11:9b. ἐν μιᾷ τῶν ἡμερῶν one day Lk 5:17; 8:22; 20:1. ἐν on w. dat. sing. Mt 24:50; Lk 1:59; 13:31 v.l. (Just., D. 29, 3 ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἡμ.; 111, 3 ἐν ἡμ. τοῦ πάσχα); J 5:9; Hb 4:4 (cp. Gen 2:2); AcPl Ha 3, 9. In, within w. dat. pl. (Alexis Com. 246, 2 K. ἐν πένθʼ ἡμέραις; Philo, Somn. 2, 112; TestJob 30:4; JosAs 21:7 ἐν ταῖς ἑπτὰ ἡμέραις τοῦ γάμου) ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις (PTebt 14, 5 [114 B.C.]; Porphyr., Vi. Plot. 17 p. 111, 26 W.; TestJob 24:9; EpArist 24) Mt 27:40; Mk 15:29; J 2:19f.—ἐπί w. acc. over a period of ἐπὶ ἡμέρας πλείους over a period of many days (PTurin I, 2, 15 [116 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱκανὰς ἡμ.; Jos., Ant. 4, 277) Ac 13:31; cp. 27:20; ἐπὶ πολλὰς ἡμ. (Jos., Ant. 18, 57) 16:18; cp. Hb 11:30. καθʼ ἡμέραν every day (Hyperid. 6, 23; 26; Polyb. 1, 57, 7; 4, 18, 2 al.; Diod S 1, 36, 7 and 8; 2, 47, 2 al.; SIG 656, 22; UPZ 42, 13 [162 B.C.]; PGiss 17, 1; Tob 10:7; Sus 8 and 12 Theod.; 1 Macc 8:15; EpArist 304; Jos., Bell. 2, 265, Ant. 20, 205; Ar. [POxy 1778, 27]; Just., D. 39, 2 al.) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:49 (‘by day’: AArgyle, ET 63, ’51/52, 354); Lk 16:19; 22:53; Ac 2:46f; 3:2; 16:5; 17:11; 19:9; 1 Cor 15:31; 2 Cor 11:28; Hb 7:27; 10:11. Also (w. optional art., s. B-D-F §160; Rob. 766) τὸ καθʼ ἡμ. (Aristoph., Equ. 1126; Pla.; Polyb. 4, 18, 2; POxy 1220, 4; TestJob 14:2; but simply καθʼ ἡμ. Ac 2:45 D) Lk 11:3; 19:47; Ac 17:11 v.l.; καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμ. every day (X., Mem. 4, 2, 12, Equ. 5, 9; PTebt 412, 2; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 327, 18; Ex 5:8; Esth 2:11; Job 1:4; Bel 4:6; PsSol 18:11; GrBar 8:4) Hb 3:13. κατὰ πᾶσαν ἡμ. w. same mng. (Jos., Ant. 6, 49) Ac 17:17. μεθʼ ἡμέρας ἕξ six days later (PSI 502, 16 [257 B.C.] μεθʼ ἡμέρας ιβ´; 436, 3 [Just., D. 27, 5 μετὰ μίαν ἡμ. al.]) Mt 17:1; cp. 26:2; 27:63; Mk 8:31; Lk 1:24; J 4:43; 20:26; Ac 1:5; 15:36; 24:1; 28:13; AcPl Ha 1, 33; 11, 8; AcPlCor 2:30. πρὸ ἓξ ἡμερῶν τοῦ πάσχα six days before the Passover J 12:1 (not a Latinism, since it is found as early as Hippocr. πρὸ τριῶν ἡμερῶν τῆς τελευτῆς [WSchulze, Graeca Latina 1901, 15; Rydbeck 64f]; cp. Plut., Symp. 8, 717d; Lucian, De Morte Peregr. 1; Aelian, HA 11, 19; mystery ins of Andania [SIG 736, 70 πρὸ ἁμερᾶν δέκα τῶν μυστηρίων]; PFay 118, 15; PHolm 4, 23; PGM 13, 26; 671; Am 1:1; 2 Macc 15:36; Jos., Ant. 15, 408; Just., D. 27, 5; s. WSchmid, D. Attizismus III 1893, 287f; IV 1897, 629; Mlt. 100f; B-D-F §213).—It is striking to find the nom. denoting time in the expression ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι Mt 15:32; Mk 8:2; cp. Lk 9:28 (s. B-D-F §144; Rob. 460).ⓓ Of festive days: ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν σαββάτων (σάββατον 1bβ) or τοῦ σαββάτου (σάββ. 1a) Lk 4:16; 13:14b, 16; J 19:31; Ac 13:14 (Just., D. 27, 5). ἡ ἡμέρα or αἱ ἡμέραι τ. ἀζύμων Lk 22:7; Ac 12:3; 20:6. ἡ ἡμέρα τ. πεντηκοστῆς Ac 2:1; 20:16. μεγάλη ἡμέρα the great day (of atonement) PtK 2 p. 14, 29. In gen. of a Judean festival GJs 1:2; 2:2 (the author no longer has a clear understanding of the precise festival signified by the term; s. Amann and deStrycker on 1:2). ἡ κυριακὴ ἡμέρα the Lord’s Day, Sunday Rv 1:10 (cp. Just. A I, 67, 7 τὴν … τοῦ ἡλίου ἡμέραν). Festive days are spoken of in the foll. passages: ὸ̔ς μὲν κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν, ὸ̔ς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν one person considers one day better than another, another considers every day good Ro 14:5. φρονεῖν τ. ἡμέραν concern oneself w. (= observe) the day vs. 6. ἡμέρας παρατηρεῖσθαι observe days Gal 4:10.—Used w. gen. to denote what happens or is to be done on the day in question ἡμ. τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ Ac 21:26. τ. ἐνταφιασμοῦ day of burial J 12:7. ἕως ἡμέρας ἀναδείξεως αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραήλ Lk 1:80 (s. ἀνάδειξις).ⓔ OT terminology is reflected in the expr. fulfilling of the days (Ex 7:25; 1 Ch 17:11; Tob 10:1b; cp. מָלֵא) ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμ. τῆς λειτουργίας αὐτοῦ the days of his service came to an end Lk 1:23. ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμ. ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν the eighth day, on which he was to be circumcised, had come 2:21; cp. vs. 22. S. ἐκπλήρωσις, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, τελέω, τελειόω. The Hebr. has also furnished the expr. ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἡμέρᾳ day after day (Esth 3:4 יוֹם וָיוֹם=LXX καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν; יוֹם יוֹם Ps 68:20=LXX 67:20 ἡμέραν καθʼ ἡμέραν) 2 Cor 4:16; GJs 6:1.—ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας (rather oft. in the OT for various Hebr. expressions, but also in Henioch. Com. 5, 13 K.) day after day 2 Pt 2:8; prophetic quot. of unknown origin 2 Cl 11:2. ἡμέρᾳ ἀφʼ ἡμέρας GJs 12:3.③ a day appointed for very special purposes, day (UPZ 66, 5 [153 B.C.] ἡ ἡμ.=the wedding day; ins in ÖJh 64, ’95, p. 74 of a commemorative day for the founder of Ephesus τῇ τοῦ Ἀνδρόκλου ἡμέρᾳ), e.g. of childbirth J 16:21 v.l.ⓐ τακτῇ ἡμέρᾳ Ac 12:21. ἡμέραν τάξασθαι (Polyb. 18, 19, 1) 28:23. στῆσαι (Dionys. Hal. 6, 48) 17:31. ὁρίζειν (Polyb., Dionys. Hal.; Epict., Ench. 51, 1) Hb 4:7; Hv 2, 2, 5. Of the day of the census (s. Lk 2:1) αὕτη ἡ ἡμέρα κυρίου GJs 17:1. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ, ᾗ ἔμελλεν θηριομαχῖν ὁ Παῦλος AcPl Ha 3, 9.ⓑ esp. of a day of judgment, fixed by a judgeα. ἀνθρωπίνη ἡμ. a day appointed by a human court 1 Cor 4:3 (cp. the ins on a coin amulet [II/III A.D.] where these words are transl. ‘human judgment’ by CBonner, HTR 43, ’50, 165–68). This expr. is formed on the basis of ἡμ. as designatingβ. the day of God’s final judgment (s. ὥρα 3). ᾗ ἡμ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀποκαλύπτεται the day on which the Human One (Son of Man) reveals himself Lk 17:30; ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμ. 2 Pt 3:12. ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ μεγάλη τοῦ θεοῦ τ. παντοκράτορος Rv 16:14. ἡμ. κυρίου (Jo 1:15; 2:1, 11; Is 13:6, 9 al.) occurring only once in the NT of the day of God, the Lord, in an OT quot. πρὶν ἐλθεῖν ἡμ. κυρίου τ. μεγάλην κ. ἐπιφανῆ Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4; cp. JosAs 14:2). Otherw. Jesus Christ is the Lord of this day: 1 Cor 5:5; 1 Th 5:2 (P-ÉLangevin, Jesus Seigneur, ’67, 107–67; GHolland, SBLSP 24, ’85, 327–41); 2 Th 2:2; 2 Pt 3:10. He is oft. mentioned by name or otherw. clearly designated, e.g. as υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρώπου, Lk 17:24; 1 Cor 1:8; 2 Cor 1:14; Phil 1:6, 10; 2:16. ἡ ἐσχάτη ἡμ. the last day (of this age) (s. ἔσχατος 2b) J 6:39f, 44, 54; 11:24; 12:48; Hv 2, 2, 5. ἡμ. (τῆς) κρίσεως (Pr 6:34; Jdth 16:17; PsSol 15:12; En; GrBar 1:7; cp. TestLevi 3:2, 3; Just., D. 38, 2; Tat. 12, 4) Mt 10:15; 11:22, 24; 12:36; 2 Pt 2:9; 3:7; 1J 4:17; 2 Cl 17:6; B 19:10. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὄτε κρίνει ὁ θεὸς διὰ Χρ. Ἰ. the day on which … Ro 2:16 (RBultmann, TLZ 72, ’47, 200f considers this a gloss). ἡμ. ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ θεοῦ 2:5 (ἡμ. ὀργῆς as Zeph 1:15, 18; 2:3; Ezk 7:19 v.l.; cp. Rv 6:17). ἡ ἡμ. ἡ μεγάλη (Jer 37:7; Mal 3:22) Rv 6:17; 16:14. ἡμ. μεγάλη καὶ θαυμαστή B 6:4. ἡμ. ἀπολυτρώσεως Eph 4:30. ἡμ. ἐπισκοπῆς (s. ἐπισκοπή 1a and b) 1 Pt 2:12. ἡμ. ἀνταποδόσεως B 14:9 (Is 61:2); ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμ. (Zeph 1:15; Am 9:11; Zech 12:3f; Is 10:20; Jer 37:7f) Mt 7:22; Lk 6:23; 10:12; 21:34; 2 Th 1:10; 2 Ti 1:12, 18; 4:8; AcPlCor 2:32. Perh. ἡμ. σφαγῆς (cp. Jer 12:3; En 16:1) Js 5:5 belongs here (s. σφαγή). Abs. ἡμ. 1 Cor 3:13; Hb 10:25; B 7:9; 21:3; cp. 1 Th 5:4.—ἡμέρα αἰῶνος (Sir 18:10) day of eternity 2 Pt 3:18 is also eschatological in mng.; it means the day on which eternity commences, or the day which itself constitutes eternity. In the latter case the pass. would belong to the next section.④ an extended period, time (like יוֹם, but not unknown among the Greeks: Soph., Aj. 131; 623; Eur., Ion 720; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 13, 1389b, 33f; PAmh 30, 43 [II B.C.] ἡμέρας αἰτοῦσα=‘she asked for time’, or ‘a respite’)ⓐ in sg. ἐν τ. ἡμέρᾳ τ. πονηρᾷ when the times are evil (unless the ref. is to the final judgment) Eph 6:13. ἐν ἡμ. σωτηρίας of the salutary time that has come for Christians 2 Cor 6:2 (Is 49:8). Of the time of the rescue fr. Egypt ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπιλαβομένου μου τ. χειρὸς αὐτῶν at the time when I took them by the hand Hb 8:9 (Jer 38:32; on the constr. cp. Bar 2:28 and B-D-F §423, 5; Rob. 514). ἐν ἐκείνῃ τ. ἡμέρᾳ at that time Mk 2:20b; J 14:20; 16:23, 26. τ. ἡμέραν τ. ἐμήν my time (era) 8:56. ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ αὐτοῦ ἡμέρᾳ in his (Abraham’s) last days GJs 1:3.ⓑ chiefly in the pl. αἱ ἡμέραι of time of life or activity, w. gen. of pers. (1 Km 17:12 A; 2 Km 21:1; 3 Km 10:21; Esth 1:1s; Sir 46:7; 47:1; ἡμέραι αὐτοῦ En 12:2; ἡμέραι ἃς ἦτε 102:5 and oft.) ἐν ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου Mt 2:1; Lk 1:5; Νῶε 17:26a; 1 Pt 3:20; Ἠλίου Lk 4:25. ἐν ταῖς ἡμ. τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου 17:26b; cp. Mt 23:30. ἀπὸ τ. ἡμερῶν Ἰωάννου Mt 11:12. ἕως τ. ἡμερῶν Δαυίδ Ac 7:45; cp. 13:41 (Hab 1:5). W. gen. of thing ἡμέραι ἐκδικήσεως time of vengeance Lk 21:22; τ. ἀπογραφῆς Ac 5:37; cp. Rv 10:7; 11:6. ἐν τ. ἡμέραις τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ in the time of his appearance in the flesh Hb 5:7.—ἡμέραι πονηραί corrupt times Eph 5:16; cp. B 2:1; 8:6. ἡμ. ἀγαθαί happy times (Artem. 4, 8) 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:13). ἀφʼ ἡμερῶν ἀρχαίων Ac 15:7; αἱ πρότερον ἡμ. Hb 10:32. πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας all the time, always Mt 28:20 (cp. Dt 4:40; 5:29; PsSol 14:4). νῦν τ. ἡμέραις at the present time Hs 9, 20, 4. ἐν (ταῖς) ἐσχάταις ἡμ. Ac 2:17; 2 Ti 3:1; Js 5:3; B 4:9; D 16:3. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τ. ἡμερῶν τούτων Hb 1:2; cp. 2 Pt 3:3; GJs 7:2. ἐν τ. ἡμέραις ἐκείναις at that time Mt 3:1; 24:19, 38; Mk 1:9; Lk 2:1; 4:2b; 5:35b. ἐν τ. ἡμ. ταύταις at this time Lk 1:39; 6:12; Ac 1:15. εἰς ταύτας τ. ἡμέρας w. respect to our time (opp. πάλαι) Hs 9, 26, 6. πρὸ τούτων τ. ἡμερῶν before this (time) Ac 5:36; 21:38; πρὸς ὀλίγας ἡμ. for a short time Hb 12:10; ἐλεύσονται ἡμ. there will come a time: w. ὅταν foll. Mt 9:15; Mk 2:20a; Lk 5:35a; w. ὅτε foll. Lk 17:22 (Just., D. 40, 2). ἥξουσιν ἡμέραι ἐπί σε καί a time is coming upon you when Lk 19:43. ἡμ. ἔρχονται καί Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31). ἐλεύσονται ἡμ. ἐν αἷς Lk 21:6; 23:29.—Esp. of time of life πάσαις τ. ἡμέραις ἡμῶν for our entire lives Lk 1:75. πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς αὐτοῦ all his life GJs 4:1 (cp. En 103:5; TestJob 46:9). μήτε ἀρχὴν ἡμερῶν μήτε ζωῆς τέλος ἔχων without either beginning or end of life Hb 7:3. προβεβηκὼς ἐν ταῖς ἡμ. advanced in years Lk 1:7, 18; cp. 2:36 (s. Gen 18:11; 24:1; Josh 13:1; 23:1; 3 Km 1:1; προβαίνω 2).—B. 991. DELG s.v. ἦμαρ. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
45 ἴδιος
ἴδιος, ία, ον (Hom.+; s. B-D-F §286; W-S. §22, 17; Rob. 691f; Mlt-Turner 191f.—For the spelling ἵδιος s. on ὀλίγος.)① pert. to belonging or being related to oneself, one’s ownⓐ in contrast to what is public property or belongs to another: private, one’s own (exclusively) (opp. κοινός, as Pla., Pol. 7, 535b; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 41 §171; Ath. 25, 4) οὐδὲ εἷς τι τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ ἔλεγεν ἴδιον εἶναι nor did anyone claim that anything the person had was private property or nor did anyone claim ownership of private possessions Ac 4:32; cp. D 4:8.ⓑ in respect to circumstance or condition belonging to an individual (opp. ἀλλότριος) κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν δύναμιν according to each one’s capability (in contrast to that of others) Mt 25:15. τὴν δόξαν τὴν ἰ. ζητεῖ J 7:18; cp. 5:18, 43. ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν πόλιν Lk 2:3 v.l. (for ἑαυτοῦ); sim. Mt 9:1 (noting the departure of Jesus to his home territory); cp. Dg 5:2. Christ ἐλευθερώσῃ πᾶσαν σάρκα διὰ τῆς ἰδίας σαρκός AcPlCor 2:6; cp. vs. 16 ἕκαστος τῇ ἰ. διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν Ac 2:8; cp. 1:19 τῇ ἰ. διαλέκτῳ αὐτῶν, without pron. 2:6 (Tat. 26, 1 τὴν ἰ. αὐτῆς … λέξιν); ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει 3:12; cp. 28:30; τἡν ἰ. (δικαιοσύνην) Ro 10:3; cp. 11:24; 14:4f. ἕκαστος τ. ἴ. μισθὸν λήμψεται κατὰ τ. ἴ. κόπον each will receive wages in proportion to each one’s labor 1 Cor 3:8. ἑκάστη τὸν ἴδιον ἄνδρα her own husband 7:2 (Diog. L. 8, 43 πρὸς τὸν ἴδιον ἄνδρα πορεύεσθαι). ἕκαστος ἴδιον ἔχει χάρισμα 7:7. ἕκαστος τὸ ἴδιον δεῖπνον προλαμβάνει (s. προλαμβάνω 1c) 1 Cor 11:21 (Eratosth.: 241 Fgm. 16 Jac. of the festival known as Lagynophoria τὰ κομισθέντα αὑτοῖς δειπνοῦσι κατακλιθέντες … κ. ἐξ ἰδίας ἕκαστος λαγύνου παρʼ αὑτῶν φέροντες πίνουσιν ‘they dine on the things brought them … and they each drink from a flagon they have personally brought’. Evaluation: συνοίκια ταῦτα ῥυπαρά• ἀνάγκη γὰρ τὴν σύνοδον γίνεσθαι παμμιγοῦς ὄχλου ‘that’s some crummy banquet; it’s certainly a meeting of a motley crew’); cp. 1 Cor 9:7; 15:38. ἕκαστος τὸ ἴ. φορτίον βαστάσει Gal 6:5.—Tit 1:12; Hb 4:10; 7:27; 9:12; 13:12.—J 4:44 s. 2 and 3b.② pert. to a striking connection or an exclusive relationship, own (with emphasis when expressed orally, or italicized in written form) κοπιῶμεν ταῖς ἰ. χερσίν with our own hands 1 Cor 4:12 (first pers., cp. UPZ 13, 14 [158 B.C.] εἰμὶ μετὰ τ. ἀδελφοῦ ἰδίου=w. my brother; TestJob 34:3 ἀναχωρήσωμεν εἰς τὰς ἰδίας χώρας). ἐν τῷ ἰ. ὀφθαλμῷ in your own eye Lk 6:41; 1 Th 2:14; 2 Pt 3:17 (here the stability of the orthodox is contrasted with loss of direction by those who are misled by error). Ac 1:7 (God’s authority in sharp contrast to the apostles’ interest in determining a schedule of events). ἰ. θέλημα own will and ἰδία καρδία own heart or mind 1 Cor 7:37ab contrast with μὴ ἔχων ἀνάγκην ‘not being under compulsion’; hence ἰ. is not simply equivalent to the possessive gen. in the phrase ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ. 1 Cor 6:18, ἰ. heightens the absurdity of sinning against one’s own body. Lk 10:34 (apparently the storyteller suggests that the wealthy Samaritan had more than one animal, but put his own at the service of the injured traveler). ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα 2 Pt 2:22 (cp. ἐπὶ τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἔμετον Pr 26:11), with heightening of disgust. Some would put J 4:44 here (s. 1 end). εἰς τὸν ἴδιον ἀγρόν Mt 22:5 (the rude guest prefers the amenities of his own estate). Mk 4:34b (Jesus’ close followers in contrast to a large crowd). Ac 25:19 (emphasizing the esoteric nature of sectarian disputes). Js 1:14 (a contrast, not between types of desire but of sources of temptation: those who succumb have only themselves to blame). διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ ἰδίου through his own blood Ac 20:28 (so NRSV mg.; cp. the phrase SIG 547, 37; 1068, 16 ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων commonly associated with the gifts of generous officials, s. 4b. That the ‘blood’ would be associated with Jesus would be quite apparent to Luke’s publics).③ pert. to a person, through substitution for a pronoun, own. Some of the passages cited in 2 may belong here. ἴ. is used for the gen. of αὐτός or the possess. pron., or for the possess. gen. ἑαυτοῦ, ἑαυτῶν (this use found in Hellenistic wr. [Schmidt 369], in Attic [Meisterhans3-Schw. 235] and Magnesian [Thieme 28f] ins; pap [Kuhring—s. ἀνά beg.—14; Mayser II/2, 73f]. S. also Dssm., B 120f [BS 123f], and against him Mlt. 87–91. LXX oft. uses ἴ. without emphasis to render the simple Hebr. personal suffix [Gen 47:18; Dt 15:2; Job 2:11; 7:10, 13; Pr 6:2 al.], but somet. also employs it without any basis for it in the original text [Job 24:12; Pr 9:12; 22:7; 27:15]. Da 1:10, where LXX has ἴ., Theod. uses μου. 1 Esdr 5:8 εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν πόλιν=2 Esdr 2:1 εἰς πόλιν αὐτοῦ; Mt 9:1 is formally sim., but its position in the narrative suggests placement in 1)ⓐ with the second pers. (Jos., Bell. 6, 346 ἰδίαις χερσίν=w. your own hands). Eph 5:22 (cp. vs. 28 τὰς ἑαυτῶν γυναῖκας); 1 Th 4:11; 1 Pt 3:1.ⓑ with the third pers. ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι J 4:44 (cp. ἐν τῇ πατρίδι αὐτοῦ: Mt 13:57; Mk 6:4; Lk 4:24, but J 4:44 is expressed in a slightly difft. form and may therefore belong in 1b above); Mt 25:14; 15:20 v.l.; J 1:41 (UPZ 13, s. 2 above: ἀδ. ἴ.); Ac 1:19; 24:24; 1 Ti 6:1; Tit 2:5, 9; 1 Pt 3:5; MPol 17:3; AcPl Ha 3, 21; 4, 27 (context uncertain); τὸ ἴδιον πλάσμα AcPlCor 2:12, 1; ἴδιον χωρίον Papias (3:3).④ as subst., person or thing associated with an entityⓐ associates, relations οἱ ἴδιοι (comrades in battle: Polyaenus, Exc. 14, 20; SIG 709, 19; 22; 2 Macc 12:22; Jos., Bell. 1, 42, Ant. 12, 405; compatriots: ViHab 5 [p. 86, 7 Sch.]; Philo, Mos. 1, 177) fellow-Christians Ac 4:23; 24:23 (Just., D. 121, 3). The disciples (e.g., of a philosopher: Epict. 3, 8, 7) J 13:1. Relatives (BGU 37; POxy 932; PFay 110; 111; 112; 116; 122 al.; Vett. Val. 70, 5 ὑπὸ ἰδίων κ. φίλων; Sir 11:34; Just., A II, 7, 2 σὺν τοῖς ἰδίοις … Νῶε and D. 138, 2 Νῶε … μετὰ τῶν ἰδίων) 1 Ti 5:8; J 1:11b (the worshipers of a god are also so called: Herm. Wr. 1, 31).—Sg. τὸν ἴδιον J 15:19 v.l. (s. b below).ⓑ home, possessions τὰ ἴδια home (Polyb. 2, 57, 5; 3, 99, 4; Appian, Iber. 23; Peripl. Eryth. 65 εἰς τὰ ἴδια; POxy 4, 9f ἡ ἀνωτέρα ψυχὴ τ. ἴδια γεινώσκει; 487, 18; Esth 5:10; 6:12; 1 Esdr 6:31 [τὰ ἴδια αὐτοῦ=2 Esdr 6:11 ἡ οἰκία αὐτοῦ]; 3 Macc 6:27, 37; 7:8; Jos., Ant. 8, 405; 416, Bell. 1, 666; 4, 528) J 16:32 (EFascher, ZNW 39, ’41, 171–230); 19:27; Ac 5:18 D; 14:18 v.l.; 21:6; AcPl Ha 8, 5. Many (e.g. Goodsp, Probs. 87f; 94–96; Field, Notes 84; RSV; but not Bultmann 34f; NRSV) prefer this sense for J 1:11a and Lk 18:28; another probability in both these pass. is property, possessions (POxy 489, 4; 490, 3; 491, 3; 492, 4 al.). ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων from his own well-stocked supply (oft. in ins e.g. fr. Magn. and Priene, also SIG 547, 37; 1068, 16 [in such ins the focus is on the generosity of public-spirited officals who use their own resources to meet public needs]; Jos., Ant. 12, 158) J 8:44. The sg. can also be used in this way τὸ ἴδιον (SIG 1257, 3; BGU 1118, 31 [22 B.C.]) J 15:19 (v.l. τὸν ἴδιον, s. a above).—τὰ ἴδια one’s own affairs (X., Mem. 3, 4, 12; 2 Macc 9:20; 11:23 v.l., 26, 29) 1 Th 4:11, here πράσσειν τὰ ἴδια=mind your own business.— Jd 6 of one’s proper sphere.⑤ pert. to a particular individual, by oneself, privately, adv. ἰδίᾳ (Aristoph., Thu.; Diod S 20, 21, 5 et al.; ins, pap, 2 Macc 4:34; Philo; Jos., Bell. 4, 224, C. Ap. 1, 225; Ath. 8, 1f) 1 Cor 12:11; IMg 7:1.—κατʼ ἰδίαν (Machon, Fgm. 11 vs. 121 [in Athen. 8, 349b]; Polyb. 4, 84, 8; Diod S 1, 21, 6; also ins [SIG 1157, 12 καὶ κατὰ κοινὸν καὶ κατʼ ἰδίαν ἑκάστῳ al.]; 2 Macc 4:5; 14:21; JosAs 7:1; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 136; Just., D. 5, 2) privately, by oneself (opp. κοινῇ: Jos., Ant. 4, 310) Mt 14:13, 23; 17:1, 19; 20:17; 24:3; Mk 4:34a; 6:31f; 7:33 (Diod S 18, 49, 2 ἕκαστον ἐκλαμβάνων κατʼ ἰδίαν=‘he took each one aside’); 9:2 (w. μόνος added), 28; 13:3; Lk 9:10; 10:23; Ac 23:19; Gal 2:2 (on the separate meeting cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 199 τ. δυνατοὺς κατʼ ἰδίαν κ. τὸ πλῆθος ἐν κοινῷ συλλέγων; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 40 §170); ISm 7:2.⑥ pert. to being distinctively characteristic of some entity, belonging to/peculiar to an individual ἕκαστον δένδρον ἐκ τ. ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται every tree is known by its own fruit Lk 6:44. τὰ ἴδια πρόβατα his (own) sheep J 10:3f. εἰς τὸν τόπον τ. ἴδιον to his own place (= the place where he belonged) Ac 1:25; cp. 20:28. The expression τοῦ ἰδίου υἱοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο Ro 8:32 emphasizes the extraordinary nature of God’s gift: did not spare his very own Son (Paul’s association here with the ref. to pandemic generosity, ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν πάντων παρέδωκεν αὐτο͂ν, contributes a semantic component to ἰ. in this pass.; for the pandemic theme see e.g. OGI 339, 29f; for donation of one’s own resources, ibid. 104; IGR 739, II, 59–62. For the term ὁ ἴδιος υἱός, but in difft. thematic contexts, see e.g. Diod S 17, 80, 1 of Parmenio; 17, 118, 1 of Antipater. In relating an instance in which a son was not spared Polyaenus 8, 13 has υἱὸς αὐτοῦ, evidently without emphasis, but Exc. 3, 7 inserts ἴδιος υἱός to emphasize the gravity of an officer’s own son violating an order.). 1 Cor 7:4ab. ἕκαστος ἐν. τ. ἰδίῳ τάγματι each one in his (own) turn 15:23 (cp. En 2:1 τ. ἰ. τάξιν). καιροὶ ἴδιοι the proper time (cp. Diod S 1, 50, 7 ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις χρόνοις; likew. 5, 80, 3; Jos., Ant. 11, 171; Ps.-Clemens, Hom. 3, 16; TestSol 6:3 ἐν καιρῷ ἰ.; Just., D. 131, 4 πρὸ τῶν ἰ. καιρῶν; Mel., P. 38, 258ff) 1 Ti 2:6; 6:15; Tit 1:3; 1 Cl 20:4; cp. 1 Ti 3:4f, 12; 4:2; 5:4. ἴδιαι λειτουργίαι … ἴδιος ὁ τόπος … ἴδιαι διακονίαι in each case proper: ministrations, … place, … services 1 Cl 40:5.—In ἰδία ἐπίλυσις 2 Pt 1:20 one’s own private interpretation is contrasted with the meaning intended by the author himself or with the interpretation of another person who is authorized or competent (s. ἐπίλυσις and WWeeda, NThSt 2, 1919, 129–35).—All these pass. are close to mng. 3; it is esp. difficult to fix the boundaries here.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
46 ἑαυτοῦ
ἑαυτοῦ, ἑαυτῆς, οῦ, ion. ἑωυτοῦ, att. zsgz. αὑτοῦ, pron. reflex. der dritten Person, seiner selbst, sich selbst; ἑαυτὸν σφάττειν, Her. u. Att.; nicht selten findet sich bes. bei Sp. dafür auch αὐτοῠ. Bei Hom. immer getrennt ἕο αὐτοῠ u. s. w. Ueber die Verbindungen ἀφ' ἑαυτοῠ, ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ, καϑ' ἑαυτόν u. ähnliche s. die Präpositionen. Daß im Attischen der gen. ἑαυτοῦ, ἑαυτῶν für das Pronomen possessivum der dritten Person gebraucht wird, wo sich dies auf das Subject des Satzes bezieht, lehrt die Grammatik. Zu bemerken ist 1) daß die Griechen, wenn das subj. scharf bestimmt ist, ἑαυτοῦ auch für die erste u. zweite Person des reflexivi gebrauchen. Dies ist bei Attikern, bes. im plur. nicht eben selten, wobei nach Herm. zu Soph. O. R. 707 u. Ar. Nubb. 1459 gewöhnlich der Gegensatz der Personen mehr hervorgehoben wird; zunächst scheint die kürzere Form für den Plural die Veranlassung zu diesem Gebrauch gewesen, für welchen allein Apollon. de Syntax. III, 2, 3 ihn gelten läßt, ἑαυτοὺς ὑβρίσαμεν, nicht ἑαυτὸν ὕβρισας; vgl. Bernhardy Synt. p. 272, der von Xen u. Isocrat. den Gebrauch im sing. beginnen läßt; δεῖ δέ με καὶ ὑπὲρ Λυκίνου ἀπολογήσασϑαι, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ μόνον Antipho 5, 60; ἃ τοῖς αὑτοῦ παισὶν ἂν συμβουλεύσειας, τούτοις αὐτὸς ἐμμένειν ἀξί. ου Isocr. 2, 38; παρέλιπον οἰκετῶν εἶναι στάσιν ἔνδον παρ' ἑαυτῷ Men. bei Schol. Il. 21, 389; εἰς πέλαγος ἑαυτὸν ἐμβαλεῖς γὰρ πραγμάτων id. Ath. XIII, 559 d; γυμνοῠϑ' αὑτοὺς ϑᾶττον ἅπαντες Alexis ib. X, 417 e. – 2) daß der plur. für ἀλλήλων, ἀλλήλοις steht, Her. 3, 49 u. öfter bei den Attikern, z. B. Thuc. 4, 25; Xen. Mem. 2, 7, 12. 3, 5, 16; πρὸς αὑτὰς πολλὰ λαλούσας Antiphan. Ath. X, 450 e; vgl. Heind. Plat. Lys. 215 b Parm. 133 b.
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47 αὐτός
1 emphatic adj., himself, herselfa nom.,Ὀλυμπίᾳ μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸς γέρας ἔδεκτο O. 2.48
ἐπεὶ πολιᾶς εἶπέ τιν' αὐτὸς ὁρᾶν O. 7.62
αὐτὸς ὑπαντίασεν, Τυροῦς ἐρασιπλοκάμου γενεά P. 4.135
ἀπαθὴς δ' αὐτὸς πρὸς ἀστῶν P. 4.297
χαίρων δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς Ἀλκμᾶνα στεφάνοισι βάλλω P. 8.56
δέος πλᾶξε γυναῖκας · καὶ γὰρ αὐτὰ ὅμως ἄμυνεν N. 1.50
τὰ δ' αὐτὸς ἀντιτύχῃ, ἔλπεταί τις ἕκαστος ἐξοχώτατα φάσθαι N. 4.91
ἕπομαι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔχων μελέταν N. 6.54
“εἰ μὲν αὐτὸς Οὔλυμπον θέλεις λτ;ναίειν>” N. 10.84 τετράτῳ δ' αὐτὸς ἐπεδάθη fr. 135.b c. subs.αὐτὰ δέ σφισιν ὤπασε τέχναν Γλαυκῶπις O. 7.50
οἱ αὐτὰ Ζηνὸς παῖς ἔπορεν O. 13.76
Ἰάσων αὐτὸς P. 4.169
Αἰήτᾳ παρ' αὐτῷ P. 4.213
θάνεν μὲν αὐτὸς ἥρως Ἀτρείδας P. 11.31
ἀγάλματ' ἐπ αὐτᾶς βαθμίδος ἑσταότ N. 5.1
ἀνὰ δ' αὐλὸν ἐπ αὐτὰν ὄρσομεν ἱππίων ἀέθλων κορυφάν (Ceporinus: αὐτὸν codd.) N. 9.8c c. pron.κατὰ γαἶ αὐτόν τε νιν καὶ φαιδίμας ἵππους ἔμαρψεν O. 6.14
δέξαι στεφάνωμα τόδ' ἐκ Πυθῶνος εὐδόξῳ Μίδᾳ αὐτόν τέ νιν P. 12.6
d c. reflex. pron. [κόρῳ δ' ἕλεν ἄταν ὑπέροπλον, τάν οἱ πάτηρ ὕπερ κρέμασε καρτερὸν αὐτῷ λίθον (codd.: ἅν τοι Fennel: ἅν οἱ Hermann) O. 1.57] ἀλλαλοφόνους ἐπάξαντο λόγχας ἐνὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς (v. Trypho, fr. 34 de Velsen; Schwyz. 2. 198 (θ)) fr. 163.2 reflex. pron.ὃν πατὴρ ἔχει μέγας ἑτοῖμον αὐτῷ πάρεδρον O. 2.76
καὶ τὰν πατρὸς ἀντία Μήδειαν θεμέναν γάμον αὐτᾷ O. 13.53
χρὴ δὲ κατ' αὐτὸν αἰεὶ παντὸς ὁρᾶν μέτρον P. 2.34
διδοῖ ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς (sc. δρῦς) P. 4.265 “ ταὶ δ' ἐπιγουνίδιον θαησάμεναι βρέφος αὐταῖς” ( αὐγαῖς coni. Bergk e Σ paraphr.) P. 9.62 τὸ σὸν αὐτοῦ μέλι γλάζεις (Wil.: τὸ σαυτοῦ, τοσαῦτα codd. Theocriti: τὸ σαυτῷ Ahrens) fr. 97.3 him, her, it pers. pron.ἄταν ἅν τοι πατὴρ ὕπερ κρέμασε καρτερὸν αὐτῷ λίθον O. 1.57
ὁ δ' αὐτῷ πὰρ ποδὶ σχεδὸν φάνη O. 1.73
ἤδη γὰρ αὐτῷ διχόμηνις ὅλον ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντέφλεξε Μήνα O. 3.19
ἔδοξεν γυμνὸς αὐτῷ κᾶπος ὀξείαις ὑπακουέμεν αὐγαῖς ἀελίου O. 3.24
ξεινίαις αὐτοὺς ἐποίχονται τραπέζαις O. 3.40
χρὴ τοίνυν πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν αὐταῖς O. 6.27
δύο δὲ γλαυκῶπες αὐτὸν ἐθρέψαντο δράκοντες O. 6.45
Φοίβου γὰρ αὐτὸν φᾶ γεγάκειν πατρός O. 6.49
νῦν μὲν αὐτῷ γέρας Ἀλκιμέδων (sc. ἐστί) O. 8.65αὐτούς τ' ἀέξοι καὶ πόλιν O. 8.88
σύνδικος δ' αὐτῷ Ἰολάου τύμβος O. 9.98
γλυκὺ γὰρ αὐτῷ μέλος ὀφείλων ἐπιλέλαθ O. 10.3
Τιρύνθιον ἔπερσαν αὐτῷ στρατὸν O. 10.32
δύο δ' αὐτὸν ἔρεψαν πλόκοι σελίνων O. 13.32
τὰ δ' Ὀλυμπίᾳ αὐτῶν ἔοικεν ἤδη πάροιθε λελέχθαι O. 13.101
Σικελία τ' αὐτοῦ πιέζει στέρνα P. 1.19
δόλον αὐτῷ θέσαν Ζηνὸς παλάμαι P. 2.39
καιομένα δ' αὐτῷ διέφαινε πυρά P. 3.44
“ πεύθομαι δ' αὐτὰν ἐναλίαν βᾶμεν” P. 4.38ἀπὸ δ' αὐτὸν ἐγὼ Μοίσαισι δώσω P. 4.67
ἐκ δ' ἄῤ αὐτοῦ πομφόλυξαν δάκρυα γηραλέων γλεφάρων P. 4.121
αὐτοὺς Ἰάσων δέγμενος P. 4.128
“τὰ μὲν λῦσον, ἄμμιν μή τι νεώτερον ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀναστάῃ κακόν” P. 4.155κάρυξε δ' αὐτοῖς P. 4.200
τελευτὰν κεῖνος αὐταῖς ἡμιθέων πλόος ἄγαγεν P. 4.210
Ἑλλὰς αὐτὰν ἐν φρασὶ καιομέναν δονέοι P. 4.218
κλέψεν τε Μήδειαν σὺν αὐτᾷ (αὐτῷ Σ̆{γρ}. σὺν τῇ Μηδείᾳ θελούσῃ καὶ ἐνεργούσῃ) P. 4.250 πότμου παραδόντος αὐτόν (sc. πλοῦτον) P. 5.3ποτὶ γραμμᾷ μὲν αὐτὰν στᾶσε P. 9.118
ὁ Παρνάσσιος αὐτὸν μυχὸςἀνέειπεν P. 10.8
ὁχάλκεος οὐρανὸς οὔ ποτ' ἀμβατὸς αὐτῷ (Tricl. e Σ: αὐτοῖς codd.) P. 10.27ἔνεπεν· αὐτὸν μὰν σεμνὸν αἰνήσειν νόμον N. 1.69
δῶρα καὶ κράτος ἐξέφαναν ἐγ γένος αὐτῷ N. 4.68
πέταται δ' ἐπί τε χθόνα καὶ διὰ θαλάσσας τηλόθεν ὄνυμ αὐτῶν N. 6.49
εἰ δ' αὐτὸ καὶ θεὸς ἀνέχοι (i. e. τὸ τῆς γειτνιάσεως ἀγαθόν) N. 7.89θεὸς ἔντυεν αὐτοῦ θυμὸν αἰχματὰν ἀμύνειν λοιγὸν Ἐνυαλίου N. 9.36
νίκαν, τὰν λτ;γτ;ενοκράτει Ποσειδάων ὀπάσαις, Δωρίων αὐτῷ στεφάνωμα κόμᾳ πέμπεν ἀναδεῖσθαι σελίνων I. 2.15
ἐπεί τοι οὐκ ἐλινύσοντας αὐτοὺς ἐργασάμαν I. 2.46
αὐτοῦ πᾶσαν ὀρθώσαις ἀρετὰν κατὰ ῥάβδον ἔφρασεν I. 4.37
ἄνδωκε δ' αὐτῷ φέρτατος οἰνοδόκον φιάλαν I. 6.39
ἦ γὰρ [α]ὐτῶν μετάστασιν ἄκραν[θῆ]κε (Π̆{S}: ἀνδρ[ῶν] Π̆{ac}) Δ. 4. 40. τρεχέτω δὲ μετὰ Πληιόναν, ἅμα δ' αὐτῷ κύων fr. 74. φοινικορόδοις δἐνὶ λειμώνεσσι προάστιον αὐτῶν Θρ.. 3. κατὰ μὲν φίλα τέκν' ἔπεφνεν δώδεκ, αὐτὸν δὲ τρίτον fr. 171. ἁ Μειδύλου δ' αὐτῷ γενεά fr. 190. ]τ' ἐς αὐτόν[ Δ. 4f. 6.4 ὁ αὐτός v. ὁ C. 7. -
48 ψυχή
ψῡχ-ή, ἡ,A life,λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε Il.5.296
, etc.;ψ. τεκαὶ αἰών 16.453
, cf. Od.9.523;θυμοῦ καὶ ψ. Il.11.334
, Od.21.154;λαυκανίην, ἵνα τε ψυχῆς ὤκιστος ὄλεθρος Il.22.325
; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι at hazard of their lives, Od.3.74,9.255;αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψ. παραβαλλόμενος Il.9.322
; λίσσου' ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων by your life, 22.338; soἀντὶ ψ. S.OC 1326
: but περὶ ψ. to save their life, Od.9.423;περί τε ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο 22.245
;περὶ ψ. θέον Ἕκτορος Il.22.161
;τρέχων περὶ τῆς ψ. Hdt.9.37
;τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψ. A.Eu. 115
, cf. E.Hel. 946, Heracl. 984;περὶ ψ. κινδυνεύων Antipho 2.1.4
, cf. Th. 8.50;ἁγὼν.. σῆς ψ. πέρι S.El. 1492
, cf. E.Ph. 1330, Or. 847, X.Cyr.3.3.44;τὸν περὶ ψ. δρόμον δραμεῖν Ar.V. 375
(lyr.);ἀγωνίζεσθαι περὶ τῆς ψ. X.Eq.Mag.1.19
; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] in exchange for life, Heraclit.85;τῆς ψ. πρίασθαί τι X.Cyr.3.1.36
;τί γὰρ δοῖ ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψ. αὐτοῦ; Ev.Marc.8.37
. In early poets:ψυχὰν ἀποπνεῖν Simon.52
;ψυχὰς ἔχοντες κυμάτων ἐν ἀγκάλαις Archil.23
;ψυχέων φειδόμενοι Tyrt.10.14
;θειδωλὴν ψ. θέμενος Sol.13.46
;ψυχῆς εἵνεκα καὶ βιότου Thgn.730
;ψυχὰν Ἀΐδᾳ τελέων Pi.I.1.68
;ψυχὰς βαλον Id.O.8.39
;χαλκῷ ἀπὸ ψυχὴν ἀρύσας Emp.138
; ; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς ib. 775;τὴν ψ. ἐκπίνουσιν Ar.Nu. 712
(anap.);ψ. ἀφήσω E.Or. 1171
;ψ. σέθεν ἔκτεινε Id.Tr. 1214
;ψ. παραιτέεσθαι Hdt.1.24
; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction for the life of A., Id.2.134; , cf. Th.1.136, etc.;τὴν ψ. ἢ τὴν οὐσίαν ἢ τὴν ἐπιτιμίαν τινὸς ἀφελόμενος Aeschin.2.88
;τὸ τῆς ψ. ἀπαιτηθεὶς χρέος LXX Wi.15
. 8, cf. Ev.Luc.12.20;ζητοῦσι τὴν ψ. μου LXX 3 Ki.19.10
, cf. Ev.Matt. 2.20;τὴν ψ. αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων Ev.Jo.10.11
, etc.; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ within an inch of his life, Herod.3.3:—the phrase ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα taking his life in his hands, is prob. f.l. in Xenarch.4.20;ἡ ψ. μου ἐν ταῖς χερσί [σου] διὰ πάντος LXX Ps.118(119).109
, cf. 1 Ki.19.5, 28.21, al.; of life in animals, Od.14.426, Hes.Sc. 173, Pi.N.1.47, etc.;τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα, ὅσα ψ. ἔχει Anaxag.4
, cf. 12;πάντων τῶν ζῴων ἡ ψ. τὸ αὐτό, ἀήρ Diog.
Apoll.5 (cf. infr. IV. 1); ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει Democrit.278; ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν (of incubation) Epich.172; [ἑρπετὸν] ὃ ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ ψ. ζωῆς LXX Ge.1.30
; ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ib.Le.17.11, cf. De.12.23.2 metaph. of things dear as life,χρήματα γὰρ ψ... βροτοῖσι Hes.Op. 686
;πᾶσι δ' ἀνθρώποις ἄρ' ἦν ψ. τέκν' E.Andr. 419
;τἀργύριόν ἐστιν αἷμα καὶ ψ. βροτοῖς Timocl.35
; so as an endearing name, Hld.1.8, al.;ζωὴ καὶ ψ. Juv.6.195
;ψ. μου Mart.10.68
.II in Hom., departed spirit, ghost (ὑποτίθεται [Ὅμηρος] τὰς ψ. τοῖς εἰδώλοις τοῖς ἐν τοῖς κατόπτροις φαινομένοις ὁμοίας.. ἃ καθάπαξ ἡμῖν ἐξείκασται καὶ τὰς κινήσεις μιμεῖται, στερεμνιώδη δὲ ὑπόστασιν οὐδεμίαν ἔχει εἰς ἀντίληψιν καὶ ἁφήν Apollod.
Hist.Fr. 102(a)J.);ψ. Πατροκλῆος.. πάντ' αὐτῷ.. ἐϊκυῖα Il.23.65
: freq. in Od.11, ψ. Ἀγαμέμνονος, Ἀχιλῆος, etc., 387, 467, al.;ψ. καὶ εἴδωλον Il.23.104
, cf. 72, Od.24.14;ψ. κατὰ χθονὸς ᾤχετο τετριγυῖα Il.23.100
; ψυχὰς ἡρώων, opp. αὐτούς, 1.3, cf. Hes.Sc. 151;ψυχαὶ δ' Ἄϊδόσδε κατῆλθον Il.7.330
;ψ. δὲ κατ' οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτ' ἐπειγομένη 14.518
; sts. hardly dist. from signf. 1,ἅμα ψ. τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ' αἰχμήν 16.505
; in swoons it leaves the body,τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. 5.696
; so in later writers (seldom in Trag.),σὺν Ἀγαμεμνονίᾳ ψυχᾷ Pi.P.11.21
; ἑὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι ib.4.159, cf. N.8.44;αἱ ψ. ὀσμῶνται καθ' Ἅιδην Heraclit.98
;πέμψατ' ἔνερθεν ψυχὴν ἐς φῶς A.Pers. 630
(anap.);ποτωμένην ψ. ὑπὲρ σοῦ E.Or. 676
, cf. Fr. 912.9 (anap.);τὰς τῶν κεκμηκότων ψ., αἷς ἐστιν ἐν τῇ φύσει τῶν αὑτῶν ἐκγόνων κήδεσθαι Pl.Lg. 927b
; ψ. σοφαί, perh. 'wise ghosts', Ar.Nu. 94;δὶς ἀποθανουμένη ψ. Anon.
ap. Plu.2.236d.III the immaterial and immortal soul, first in Pindar,ἐς τὸν ὕπερθεν ἅλιον κείνων.. ἀνδιδοῖ [Φερσεφόνα] ψυχὰς πάλιν Fr. 133
, cf. Pl.Men. 81b;εἰπόντες ὡς ἀνθρώπου ψ. ἀθάνατός ἐστι Hdt.2.123
;ἀγένητόν τε καὶ ἀθάνατον ψ. Pl.Phdr. 246a
, cf. Phd. 70c, al.;ἀθάνατος ἡμῶν ἡ ψ. καὶ οὐδέποτε ἀπόλλυται Id.R. 608d
;ἁψ. τῷ σώματι συνέζευκται καὶ καθάπερ ἐν σάματι τέθαπται Philol.14
, cf. Pl.Cra. 400c: hence freq. opp.σῶμα, ψ. καὶ σῶμα X.Mem.1.3.5
, cf. An.3.2.20;ψ. ἢ σῶμα ἢ συναμφότερον, τὸ ὅλον τοῦτο Pl.Alc.1.130a
;εἰς θηρίου βίον ἀνθρωπίνη ψ. ἀφικνεῖται καὶ ἐκ θηρίου.. πάλιν εἰς ἄνθρωπον Id.Phdr. 249b
;κατὰ τοὺς Πυθαγορικοὺς μύθους τὴν τυχοῦσαν ψ. εἰς τὸ τυχὸν ἐνδύεσθαι σῶμα Arist.de An. 407b22
;οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐπείσθην, ὡς ἡ ψ., ἕως μὲν ἂν ἐν θνητῷ σώματι ᾖ, ζῇ, ὅταν δὲ τούτου ἀπαλλαγῇ, τέθνηκεν X.Cyr.8.7.19
;ἀνθρώπου γε ψ., ἣ τοῦ θείου μετέχει,.. ὁρᾶται δ' οὐδ' αὐτή Id.Mem.4.3.14
, cf. Cyr. 8.7.17; αἰθὴρ μὲμ ψυχὰς ὑπεδέξατο, σώ[ματα δὲ χθών] IG12.945 (v B. C.);ὁπόταμ ψ. προλίπῃ φάος ἀελίοιο Orph.Fr.32
f.1;ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ψ., ζῷον ἀθάνατον ἐν θνητῷ καθειργμένον φρουρίῳ Pl.Ax. 365e
.IV the conscious self or personality as centre of emotions, desires, and affections,χερσὶ καὶ ψυχᾷ δυνατοί Pi.N.9.39
;μορφὰν βραχύς, ψυχὰν δ' ἄκαμπτος Id.I.4(3).53(71)
;ἐνίους τῶν καλῶν τὰς μορφὰς μοχθηροὺς ὄντας τὰς ψ. X.Oec.6.16
;θνητοῦ σώματος ἔτυχες, πειρῶ τῆς ψ. ἀθάνατον μνήμην καταλιπεῖν Isoc.2.37
; opp. material blessings,κτεάνων ψ. ἔχοντες κρέσσονας Pi.N.9.32
;μήτε σωμάτων ἐπιμελεῖσθαι μήτε χρημάτων.. οὕτω σφόδρα ὡς τῆς ψ. ὅπως ὡς ἀρίστη ἔσται Pl.Ap. 30b
, cf. 29e: hence regarded in abstraction,τὸ παρεχόμενον ἡμῶν ἕκαστον τοῦτ' εἶναι μηδὲν ἀλλ' ἢ τὴν ψ., τὸ δὲ σῶμα ἰνδαλλόμενον ἡμῶν ἑκάστοις ἕπεσθαι Pl.Lg. 959a
;ἡ ψ. ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος Id.Alc.1.130c
;οὐδὲ νῦν τήν γ ἐμὴν ψ. ἑωρᾶτε X.Cyr.8.7.17
, cf. supr. 111: sts., therefore, distd. from oneself,ψ. γὰρ ηὔδα πολλά μοι μυθουμένη S.Ant. 227
;ἡ ψ. μου πεπότηται Ar.Nu. 319
(anap.);τί ποτ' ἔστι μαθεῖν ἔραται ψ. E.Hipp. 173
(anap.);ἄλλο τι βουλομένη ἑκατέρου ἡ ψ. δήλη ἐστίν Pl.Smp. 192c
; οἴμοι ψυχή woe is me! LXX Mi.7.1; καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψ. μου, "yuxh/, e)/xeis polla\ a)gaqa/" Ev.Luc.12.19; in periphrases, ψ. Ὀρέστου, = Ὀρέστης, S.El. 1127, al.: but τὴν Φιλοκτήτου ψ. ἐκκλέψεις his wits, Id.Ph.55;ἡ δ' ἐμὴ ψ. τέθνηκεν Id.Ant. 559
, cf. OC 999; so ψυχαί abs., = ἄνθρωποι, ψ. ὀλέσασα A.Ag. 1457 (lyr.); ψ. πολλαὶ ἔθανον many souls perished, Ar.Th. 864;πᾶσαι αἱ ψ., υἱοὶ καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες λ γ LXX Ge.46.15
, cf. Ex.12.4, al.; [κιβωτὸς] εἰς ἣν ὀλίγοι, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ὀκτὼ ψ., διεσώθησαν 1 Ep.Pet.3.20
. In apostrophe,μή, φίλα ψ. Pi.P.3.61
;ὦ μελέα ψ. S.Ph. 712
(lyr.);ὦ ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιστὴ ψ. X.Cyr.7.3.8
; in referring to persons,ὅταν μεγάλη ψ. φυῇ Pl.R. 496b
(cf. μεγαλόψυχος) ; καλεῖται γοῦν ἡ ψ. Κρινοκοράκα the creature, Thphr.Char.28.2;πάσῃ ψ. τετελευτηκυίᾳ LXX Nu.6.6
,11;πᾶσα ψ. ὑποτασσέσθω Ep.Rom.13.1
, etc.: generally, being, ψυχὴ ζῶσα living creature, LXX Ge.1.24, cf. 20(pl.).2 of various aspects of the self, ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν ) enduring heart, Pi.P.1.48;διεπειρᾶτο αὐτοῦ τῆς ψ. Hdt.3.14
, ἦν ηὰρ.. ψυχὴν οὐκ ἄκρος poor-spirited, Id.5.124;ψυχὴν ἄριστε πάντων Ar.Eq. 457
;καρτερὰν ψ. λαβεῖν Id.Ach. 393
;κράτιστοι ἂν τὴν ψ. κριθεῖεν Th.2.40
;τοῖς σώμασι δύνανται τὰς δὲ ψ. οὐκ ἔχουσιν Lys.10.29
;ὁ γὰρ' λόγχην ἀκονῶν καὶ τὴν ψ. τι παρακονᾷ X.Cyr.6.2.33
, cf. Oec.21.3.3 of the emotional self,ὑπείργασμαι μὲν εὖ ψυχὴν ἔρωτι E.Hipp. 505
, cf. 527 (lyr.);πάνυ μου ἡ ψ. ἐπεθύμει X.Oec.6.14
;τίνα ποτὲ ψ. ἔχων; Lys.32.12
; τίν' οἴεσθ' αὐτὴν ψ. ἕξειν, ὅταν ἐμὲ ῒδῃ; how will she feel? D.28.21; μία ψ., prov. of friends, Arist.EN 1168b7; ψ. μία ἤστην prob. in Phryn. PSp.128B.; of appetite,ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονήν A.Pers. 841
(s. v.l.), cf. Epich.297, Theocr.16.24;λίχνῳ δὲ ὄντι τὴν ψ. Pl.R. 579b
;τῷ δὲ ἡ ψ. σῖτον μὲν οὐ προσίετο, διψῆν δ' ἐδόκει X.Cyr.8.7.4
.4 of the moral and intellectual self,ἀπὸ πάμπαν ἀδίκων ἔχειν ψ. Pi.O. 2.70
;ψ. τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην S.Ant. 176
;ἀρκεῖν.. κἀντὶ μυρίων μίαν ψ. τάδ' ἐκτίνουσαν, ἢν εὔνους παρῇ Id.OC 499
;ψ. γὰρ εὔνους καὶ φρονοῦσα τοὔνδικον Id.Fr. 101
;ἡ κακὴ σὴ ψ. Id.Ph. 1014
;ψυχῆς κατήγορος κακῆς X.Oec.20.15
, cf. Pl.R. 353e;ἡ βουλεύσασα ψ. Antipho 4.1.7
, cf. Pl.Lg. 873a; τὸ σῶμα ἀπειρηκὸς ἡ ψ. συνεξέσωσεν.. διὰ τὸ μὴ ξυνειδέναι ἑαυτῇ the mind conscious of innocence, Antipho 5.93;τὸ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν καὶ βουλεύεσθαι.. ἐσθ' ὅτῳ ἄλλῳ ἢ ψυχῇ δικαίως ἂν ἀποδοῖμεν; Pl.R. 353d
;τὴν τῆς ψ. ἐπιμέλειαν X.Mem. 1.2.4
, Isoc.15.304; τὰ ἐν τῇ ψ. διὰ τὴν παιδείαν ἐγγιγνόμενα ib.290;τῆς ψ. ἐξελθούσης, ἐν ᾗ μόνῃ γίγνεται φρόνησις X.Mem.1.2.53
;νοῦς τε καὶ ψ. Pl.Cra. 400a
, cf. Phdr. 247c, al.; ;ἰδὼν μὲν γνούς τε σῇ ψ., τέκνον E.Tr. 1171
. Phrases:—ἐκ τῆς ψ. φίλος X.An.7.7.43
; ἀπὸ τῆς ψ. φιλεῖν with all the heart, Thphr. Char.17.3;βόσκοιτ' ἐκ ψυχᾶς τὰς ἀμνάδας Theoc.8.35
;ὅλῃ τῇ ψ. κεχαρίσθαι τινί X.Mem.3.11.10
; οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς λαχεῖν he won't let us call our soul our own, Phryn.PSp.128B.5 of animals, ψ. μεγαλόφρων, of a horse, X.Eq.11.1;θηρίων ψ. ἡμεροῦμεν Isoc.2.12
; ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου, Eub.101, Antiph.5.6 of inanimate things,πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν Isoc.12.138
, cf. 7.14;ἡ τῶνδε τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀρετὴ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἦν ψ. D.60.23
;οἷον ψ. ὁ μῦθος τῆς τραγῳδίας Arist.Po. 1450a38
; also of the spirit of an author, D.H.Lys.11.V Philosophical uses:1 In the early physicists, of the primary substance, the source of life and consciousness, ὁρίζονται πάντες (sc. οἱ πρότεροι)τὴν ψ. τρισίν, κινήσει, αἰσθήσει, τῷ ἀσωμάτῳ Arist.de An. 405b11
; τὸν λίθον ἔφη [Θαλῆς] ψ. ἔχειν ὅτι τὸν σίδηρον κινεῖ, of the magnet, ib. 405a20; ψυχῇσιν θάνατος ὕδωρ γενέσθαι, ὕδατι δὲ θάνατος γῆν γενέσθαι, ἐκ γῆς δὲ ὕδωρ γίνεται, ἐξ ὕδατος δὲ ψ. (sc. πῦρ) Heraclit. 36;ἡ ψ. πνεῦμα Xenoph.
ap. D.L.9.19; καρδία ψυχῆς καὶ αἰσθήσιος [ἀρχά] Philol.13;τοῦτο [ἀὴρ] αὐτοῖς καὶ ψ. ἐστι καὶ νόησις Diog.
Apoll.4;τὴν τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων φύσιν οὐ πιστεύεις Ἀναξαγόρᾳ νοῦν καὶ ψ. εἶναι τὴν διακοσμοῦσαν; Pl.Cra. 400a
, cf. Arist.de An. 404a25; Δημόκριτος πῦρ τι καὶ θερμόν θησιν αὐτὴν (sc. ψυχὴν) εἶναι ib. 404a1, cf. Resp. 472a4.2 the spirit of the universe,ψ. εἰς τὸ μέσον [τοῦ κόσμου] θείς Pl.Ti. 34b
, cf. 30b;τὴν τοῦ παντὸς δῆλον ὅτι τοιαύτην εἶναι βούλεται [ὁ Τίμαιος] οἷόν ποτ' ἐστὶν ὁ καλούμενος νοῦς Arist.de An. 407a3
; ἐν τῷ ὅλῳ τινὲς [τὴν ψ.] μεμεῖχθαί φασιν, ὅθεν ἴσως καὶ Θαλῆς ᾠήθη πάντα πλήρη θεῶν εἶναι ib. 411a8;ὁ κόσμος ψ. ἐστὶν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἡγεμονικόν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.186
; ψ. [κόσμου] Plu.2.1013e, cf. M.Ant.4.40;ψ. ἐλθοῦσα εἰς σῶμα οὐρανοῦ Plot.5.1.2
;τόδε τὸ πᾶν ψ. μίαν ἔχον εἰς πάντα αὐτοῦ μέρη Id.4.4.32
; περὶ ψυχᾶς κόσμου καὶ φύσιος, title of work by Ti.Locr.3 In Pl. the immaterial principle of movement and life,ὅταν παρῇ [ψυχὴ] τῷ σώματι, αἴτιόν ἐστι τοῦ ζῆν αὐτῷ Pl.Cra. 399d
, cf. Def. 411c; [ψυχῆς λόγον ἔχομεν] τὴν δυναμένην αὐτὴν αὑτὴν κινεῖν κίνησιν Id.Lg. 896a
; μεταβολῆς τε καὶ κινήσεως ἁπάσης αἰτία [ἡ ψ.] ἅπασιν ib. b, cf. 892c; its presence is requisite for thought,σοφία καὶ νοῦς ἄνευ ψ. οὐκ ἂν γενοίσθην Id.Phlb. 30c
, cf. Ti. 30b, Sph. 249a; defined by Arist. asοὐσία ὡς εἶδος σώματος φυσικοῦ δυνάμει ζωὴν ἔχοντος de An. 412a20
; ἐντελέχεια ἡ πρώτη σώματος φυσικοῦ ὀργανικοῦ ib. 412b5; the tripartite division ofψ., οἱ δὲ περὶ Πλάτωνα καὶ Ἀρχύτας καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ Πυθαγόρειοι τὴν ψ. τριμερῆ ἀποφαίνονται, διαιροῦντες εἰς λογισμὸν καὶ θυμὸν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν Iamb.
ap. Stob.1.49.34, cf. Pl.R. 439e sqq.; in Arist.ἡ ψ. τούτοις ὥρισται, θρεπτικῷ, αἰσθητικῷ, διανοητικῷ, κινήσει· πότερον δὲ τοὔτων ἕκαστόν ἐστι ψ. ἢ ψυχῆς μόριον; de An. 413b11
, cf. PA 641b4;ἡ θρεπτικὴ ψ. Id.de An. 434a22
, al.; in the Stoics and Epicureans, σῶμα ἡ ψ. Zeno and Chrysipp.Stoic.1.38; of the scala naturae,τὰ μὲν ἕξει διοικεῖται, τὰ δὲ φύσει, τὰ δ' ἀλόγῳ ψ., τὰ δὲ καὶ λόγον ἐχούσῃ καὶ διάνοιαν Stoic.2.150
, cf. M.Ant.6.14;ἡ ψ. σῶμά ἐστι λεπτομερές.. προσεμφερέστατον πνεύματι θερμοῦ τινα κρᾶσιν ἔχοντι Epicur.Ep.1p.19U.
;τέλος.. τὸ μήτε ἀλγεῖν κατὰ σῶμα μήτε ταράττεσθαι κατὰ ψ. Id.Ep.3p.64U.
; in the Neo-Platonists characterized by discursive thinking,τοὺς λογισμοὺς ψυχῆς εἶναι ἐνεργήματα Plot.1.1.7
; related to νοῦς as image to archetype, εἰκών τίς ἐστι νοῦ [ψ.] Id.5.1.3; present in entirety in every part,πάρεστι πᾶσα πανταχοῦ ψ. Id.5.1.2
, cf. 4.7.5;φύσις ψ. οὖσα, γέννημα ψυχῆς προτέρας Id.3.8.4
; animal and vegetable bodies possessοἷον σκιὰν ψυχῆς Id.4.4.18
;πᾶν σῶμα.. ψυχῆς μετουσίᾳ κινεῖται ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ζῇ διὰ ψ. Procl.Inst.20
.2 τριπόλιον, Ps.-Dsc.4.132.VII Psyche, in the allegory of Psyche and Eros, Apul.Metam. bks. 4-6, Aristophontes ap. Fulg.Myth.3.6. (See ancient speculations on the derivation, Pl.Cra. 399d- 400a, Arist.de An. 405b29, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.222; Hom. usage gives little support to the derivation from ψύχω 'blow, breathe';τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. Il.5.696
means 'his spirit left his body', and so λειποψυχέω means 'swoon', not 'become breathless';ἀπὸ δὲ ψ. ἐκάπυσσε Il.22.467
means 'she gasped out her spirit', viz. 'swooned'; the resemblance of ἄμπνυτο 'recovered consciousness' to ἀμπνέω 'recover breath' is deceptive, v. ἄμπνυτο, ἔμπνυτο: when concrete the Homeric ψ. is rather warm blood than breath, cf. Il.14.518, 16.505, where the ψ. escapes through a wound; cf. ψυχοπότης, ψυχορροφέω, and S.El. 786, Ar.Nu. 712 (v. supr.1).) -
49 καί
καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.① marker of connections, andⓐ single wordsα. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.2 χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.ⓑ clauses and sentencesα. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.2 p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.ⓘ with other particlesα. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.2 35–37.γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT. -
50 κατενώπιον
κατενώπιον (s. ἐνώπιον; Leo Gramm. 273, 18; Theodos. Melitenus 191 Tafel [1859]; Georg. Mon. 365, 21 de B. [1892]. Cp. Psaltes, Grammatik 337. For other lit. s. on κατέναντι, beg.; AWikenhauser, BZ 8, 1910, 263–70) adv., functions as prep. w. gen. (LXX [Johannessohn, Präp. 197]; TestSol 22:13; JosAs 23:12; Just., D. 127, 3; Christian amulet BGU 954, 6 [VI A.D.] κλίνω τ. κεφαλήν μου κ. σου) ἔστη κ. αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ Ἰωακείμ) Ῥουβήλ R. stood before him GJs 1:2 (v.l. κατεναντί[ον]). Otherw. in our lit. only in relation to God.① marker of a position in front of, right opposite: in the presence of God (cp. Lev 4:17) on the day of judgment κ. τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ Jd 24 (cp. En 104:1).② marker of a position relative to someone who is viewed as having jurisdiction, whether visibly present or not, before, funct. as prep. w. gen. κ. αὐτοῦ before him Eph 1:4; Col 1:22; κ. μου Hv 1, 2, 2 v.l. (Joly [in text]); κ. τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cor 2:17 v.l.; 12:19 v.l. ἡ δούλη κυρίου κ. αὐτοῦ GJs 11:3 (cp. Lk 1:38). κ. αὐτοῦ τῆς δικαιοσύνης Pol 5:2.—DELG s.v. ἐνῶπα. M-M. -
51 κτίσις
κτίσις, εως, ἡ (s. prec. and two next entries; Pind.+).① act of creation, creation (Iren. 1, 17, 1 [Harv. I 164, 11]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 33 κ. τοῦ κόσμου; 6, 55, 1; Did., Gen. 24, 4): ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου since the creation of the world Ro 1:20 (cp. PsSol 8, 7; ApcSed 8:10; Jos., Bell. 4, 533). The Son of God was σύμβουλος τῷ πατρὶ τῆς κτίσεως αὐτοῦ counselor to the Father in his creative work Hs 9, 12, 2.② the result of a creative act, that which is created (EpArist 136; 139; TestReub 2:9).ⓐ of individual things or beings created, creature (Tob 8:5, 15) created thing τὶς κ. ἑτέρα any other creature Ro 8:39. οὐκ ἔστιν κ. ἀφανὴς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ no creature is hidden from (God’s) sight Hb 4:13. πᾶν γένος τῆς κ. τοῦ κυρίου every kind of creature that the Lord made Hs 9, 1, 8; πᾶσα κ. every created thing (cp. Jdth 9:12) MPol 14:1. Of Christ πρωτότοκος πάσης κ. Col 1:15. Of the name of God ἀρχέγονον πάσης κ. 1 Cl 59:3. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον … τὸ κηρυχθὲν ἐν πάσῃ κτίσει the gospel … which has been preached to every creature (here limited to human beings) Col 1:23.—Pl. (En 18:1) δοξάζειν τὰς κτίσεις τοῦ θεοῦ praise the created works of God Hv 1, 1, 3.—The Christian is described by Paul as καινὴ κ. a new creature 2 Cor 5:17, and the state of being in the new faith by the same words as a new creation Gal 6:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 18, 373 καιναὶ κτίσεις). S. on ἐκλογή end.ⓑ the sum total of everything created, creation, world (ApcMos 32; SibOr 5, 152; ὁρωμένη κ. Did., Gen. 1 B, 6; 13 A, 2) ἡ κ. αὐτοῦ Hv 1, 3, 4. ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς κ. at the beginning of the world B 15:3; ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κ. from the beginning of the world Mk 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4. Likew. Mk 10:6; πᾶσα ἡ κ. the whole creation (Jdth 16:14; Ps 104:21 v.l.; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 7 [Stone p. 32], B 12 p. 116, 31 [St. p. 80]; TestLevi 4:1; TestNapht 2:3; ParJer 9:6; PGM 12, 85) Hv 3, 4, 1; m 12, 4, 2; Hs 5, 6, 5; 9, 14, 5; 9, 23, 4; 9, 25, 1. The whole world is full of God’s glory 1 Cl 34:6. ἀόργητος ὑπάρχει πρὸς πᾶσαν τὴν κτίσιν αὐτοῦ 19:3. ὁ υἱὸς τ. θεοῦ πάσης τ. κτίσεως αὐτοῦ προγενέστερός ἐστιν the Son of God is older than all his creation Hs 9, 12, 2. πᾶσα ἡ κ. limited to humankind Mk 16:15; Hm 7:5. Also ἡ κτίσις τῶν ἀνθρώπων D 16:5.—αὕτη ἡ κ. this world (earthly in contrast to heavenly) Hb 9:11.—κ. the creation, what was created in contrast to the Creator (Wsd 16:24) Ro 1:25 (EpArist 139 θεὸν σεβόμενοι παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν).—Of Christ ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ θεοῦ Rv 3:14 (s. ἀρχή 3).—The mng. of κτ. is in dispute in Ro 8:19–22, though the pass. is usu. taken to mean the waiting of the whole creation below the human level (animate and inanimate—so, e.g., OCullmann, Christ and Time [tr. FFilson] ’50, 103).—HBiedermann, D. Erlösg. der Schöpfung beim Ap. Pls. ’40.③ system of established authority that is the result of some founding action, governance system, authority system. Corresponding to 1, κτίσις is also the act by which an authoritative or governmental body is created (ins in CB I/2, 468 no. 305 [I A.D.]: founding of the Gerousia [Senate]. Somewhat comparable, of the founding of a city: Scymnus Chius vs. 89 κτίσεις πόλεων). But then, in accordance with 2, it is prob. also the result of the act, the institution or authority itself 1 Pt 2:13 (Diod S 11, 60, 2 has κτίστης as the title of a high official. Cp. νομοθεσία in both meanings: 1. lawgiving, legislation; 2. the result of an action, i.e. law.) To a Hellene a well-ordered society was primary (s. Aristot., Pol. 1, 1, 1, 1252). It was understood that the function of government was to maintain such a society, and the moral objective described in vs. 14 is in keeping with this goal.—BBrinkman, ‘Creation’ and ‘Creature’ I, Bijdragen (Nijmegen) 18, ’57, 129–39, also 359–74; GLampe, The NT Doctrine of κτίσις, SJT 17, ’64, 449–62.—DELG s.v. κτίζω. M-M. TW. Sv. -
52 ἀκούω
ἀκούω fut. ἀκούσω SibOr 4, 175; Mt 12:19; 13:14 (Is 6:9); J 5:25, 28; 10:16, ἀκούσομαι EpArist 5; Ac 3:22 (Dt 18:15); 28:28 (freq. w. vv.ll.); 1 aor. ἤκουσα; pf. ἀκήκοα; ptc. ἠκουκώς Hs 5, 4, 2. Pass.: fut. ἀκουσθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἠκούσθην; pf. 3 sg. ἤκουσται Dt 4:32 (Hom.+) ‘hear’, as a passive respondent to λέγω.① lit. to have or exercise the faculty of hearing, hearⓐ abs. τὰ ὦτα ἀκούουσιν Mt 13:16; κωφοὶ ἀ. 11:5; cp. Mk 7:37; Lk 7:22; τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἀ. be hard of hearing Mt 13:15 (Is 6:10); ἀκοῇ ἀ. Mt 13:14; Ac 28:26 (both Is 6:9). ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἀκούουσιν they hear and yet do not hear Mt 13:13 (s. Aeschyl., Prom. 448 κλύοντες οὐκ ἤκουον; Demosth. 25 [Against Aristogeiton 1], 89, citing the maxim ὁρῶντας μὴ ὁρᾶν καὶ ἀκούοντας μὴ ἀκούειν), cp. Mk 8:18 (Ezk 12:2) and s. 7 below. In the protasis of a challenge to hearers, by which their attention is drawn to a special difficulty: ὁ ἔχων ὦτα (οὖς) ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω, w. variations (Arrian, Ind. 5, 1 ὅστις ἐθέλει φράζειν …, φραζέτω) Mt 11:15 v.l.; 13:9 v.l., 43 v.l.; Mk 4:9, 23; 7:15 [16] v.l.; Lk 8:8; 14:35 (EBishop, BT 7, ’56, 38–40); Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 13:9. Cp. Ox 1081 verso, 6–8; s. 7 below for the restored text. For the sense of the impv. in these challenges also s. 7. S. οὖς 2.ⓑ w. obj. (on the syntax B-D-F §173; 416, 1; Rob. 506f; on the LXX s. Johannessohn, Kasus, 36; Helbing, Kasussyntax 150ff).α. foll. by a thing as obj. in acc. (Diod S 8, 32, 1 τὶ something) Mt 11:4; 13:17ff; Lk 7:22; 1J 1:1, 3. τὴν φωνήν (UPZ 77 I, 25) Mt 12:19; J 3:8; Ac 22:9 (but see 7 below); 1 Cl 39:3 (Job 4:16); (pass. Mt 2:18 [Jer 38:15]; Rv 18:22). τὸν λόγον Mt 13:20ff; J 5:24. τοὺς λόγους, τὰ ῥήματα Mt 10:14; J 8:47 s. 4 below; Ac 2:22. πολέμους καὶ ἀκοὰς πολέμων Mt 24:6. τὴν βλασφημίαν 26:65. τὸν ἀσπασμόν Lk 1:41. ἄρρητα ῥήματα 2 Cor 12:4. τὸν ἀριθμόν Rv 9:16. τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν Hv 3, 12, 2. Pass. τὰ ἀκουσθέντα what has been heard i.e. the message Hb 2:1. ἠκούσθη ὁ λόγος εἰς τὰ ὦτα τῆς ἐκκλησίας … ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ the report reached the ears of the church in Jerusalem Ac 11:22. Oft. the obj. is to be supplied fr. context Mt 13:17; Mk 4:15; J 6:60a; Ac 2:37; 8:30; 9:21; Ro 10:14. καθὼς ἀκούω = ἃ ἀ. J 5:30.β. τί τινος hear someth. fr. someone τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν, ἣν ἠκούσατέ μου the promise which you heard from me Ac 1:4. Still other constrs. occur, which are also poss. when the hearing is not directly fr. the mouth of the informant, but involves a report which one has received fr. the pers. in any way at all (s. below 3d). τὶ ἔκ τινος (Od. 15, 374; Hdt. 3, 62 ἐκ τοῦ κήρυκος) 2 Cor 12:6. τὶ παρά τινος (Soph., Oed. R. 7 παρʼ ἀγγέλων; Pla., Rep. 6, 506d; Demosth. 6, 26; Jer 30:8; Jos., Bell. 1, 529) J 8:26, 40 (τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀ. as Diod S 16, 50, 2); 15:15; Ac 10:22; 28:22; 2 Ti 2:2; w. attraction of the relative λόγων ὧν παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας teachings which you have heard from me 1:13; τὶ ἀπό τινος (Thu. 1, 125, 1) 1J 1:5. Hebraistically ἀπὸ τ. στόματός τινος Lk 22:71 (cp. ἐκ τ. στόμ. τ. Ex 23:13; Ezk 3:17; 33:7).γ. foll. by a thing as obj. in gen. (Hdt. 8, 135; X., Cyr. 3, 1, 8; Demosth. 18, 3; B-D-F §173, 2; Rob. 507) hear someth. τῆς βλασφημίας (= τὴν βλ. Mt 26:65) Mk 14:64. συμφωνίας καὶ χορῶν Lk 15:25; τῆς φωνῆς (BGU 1007, 11 [III B.C.] ἀκούσαντες φωνῆς) J 5:25, 28; Ac 9:7 (on the experience of Paul and his companions cp. Maximus Tyr. 9, 7d–f: some see a divine figure, others see nothing but hear a voice, still others both see and hear); 11:7; 22:7 (HMoehring, NovT 3, ’59, 80–99; s. Rob. 506). τῶν λόγων Lk 6:47. τῶν ῥημάτων J 12:47.ⓒ hear, listen to w. gen. of the pers. and a ptc. (Pla., Prot. 320b; X., Symp. 3, 13; Herm. Wr. 12, 8; Jos., Ant. 10, 105 ἤκουσε τοῦ προφήτου ταῦτα λέγοντος): ἠκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ λέγοντος we have heard him say Mk 14:58; ἀκοῦσαι προσευχομένου Παύλου AcPl Ha 2, 12. ἤκουον εἷς ἕκαστος … λαλούντων αὐτῶν each one heard them speaking Ac 2:6, 11; Rv 16:5, 7 (in vs. 7 the altar speaks); Hv 1, 3, 3. W. acc. instead of gen. πᾶν κτίσμα … καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς πάντα ἤκουσα λέγοντας (v.l. λέγοντα) Rv 5:13. Used without ptc. w. pronoun only: μου (Dio Chrys. 79 [28], 14) Mk 7:14; Ac 26:3. αὐτῶν Lk 2:46. αὐτοῦ vs. 47; 15:1; 19:48; 21:38; J 3:29 etc. ἡμῶν Ac 24:4.—ἀ. τινὸς περί τινος (since Hdt. 7, 209; IG II, 168 [338 B.C.]) hear someone (speak) about someth. Ac 17:32. ἤκουσεν αὐτοῦ περὶ τῆς … πίστεως he heard him speak about faith Ac 24:24, cp. Hm 11:7.—W. ὅτι foll. (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 18) J 14:28; Ac 22:2.—Abs. οἱ ἀκούοντες the hearers (Diod S 4, 7, 4) Lk 6:27; MPol 7:3. Esp. impv. ἄκουε listen! Mk 12:29 (Dt 6:4); Hs 5, 1, 3; pl. Mk 4:3. ἀκούσατε Ac 7:2; 13:16; AcPl Ha 8, 10. W. συνίετε listen and try to understand Mt 15:10.② legal t.t. to hear a legal case, grant a hearing to someone (X., Hell. 1, 7, 9 al.; PAmh 135, 14; PIand 9, 10; 15; BGU 511 II, 2; POxy 1032, 59) w. παρά τινος: ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον παρʼ αὐτοῦ without first giving him a hearing J 7:51 (SPancaro, Biblica 53, ’72, 340–61).—Ac 25:22.③ to receive news or information about someth., learn about someth.ⓐ abs. ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς when Jesus learned about it (the death of J. Bapt.) Mt 14:13.—Mk 3:21; 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92); Ro 10:18. W. ἀναγγέλλειν 15:21 (Is 52:15).ⓑ w. gen. of person οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν of whom they have not heard Ro 10:14a.—W. acc. of thing (X., Cyr. 1, 1, 4; Diod S 19, 8, 4; Chion, Ep. 12 ἀκ. τὴν τυραννίδα; Herodian 4, 4, 8) learn of τὴν ἀγάπην Phlm 5. τὴν ἀναστροφήν Gal 1:13. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Χριστοῦ Mt 11:2. τὴν ἐνέδραν the ambush Ac 23:16: Χριστιανισμὸν ἀ. hear Christianity IPhld 6:1; τὴν οἰκονομίαν Eph 3:2. τὴν πίστιν 1:15; Col 1:4. τὴν ὑπομονήν Js 5:11.—Pass. ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία it is reported that there is immorality among you 1 Cor 5:1 (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 139 τοῦτο ἐξακούεται=this report is heard). ἐὰν ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος if this should come to the prefect’s ears Mt 28:14.ⓒ ἀ. τι περί τινος (since Hdt. 2, 43) learn someth. about someone Lk 9:9; 16:2.—ἀ. περί τινος (Jos., Vi. 246) Lk 7:3.ⓓ w. prep., to denote the author or source of the information (s. 1bβ) ἀ. τι παρά τινος: τῶν ἀκουσάντων παρὰ Ἰωάννου who had learned fr. John (who Jesus was) J 1:40, cp. 6:45 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 110, 35 τὸ ἀκοῦσαι παρὰ θεοῦ, ὅτι ἀθάνατός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή); ἀ. τι ἔκ τινος: ἠκούσαμεν ἐκ τοῦ νόμου we have heard from the law (when it was read in the synagogue) J 12:34, where ἀ. approaches the technical sense learn (a body of authoritative teaching), as 1J 1:5 (s. above); 2:7, 24 et al. (OPiper, JBL 66, ’47, 437 n. 1). ἀ. ἀπό τινος περί τινος Ac 9:13.ⓔ w. ὅτι foll. (SIG 370, 21; PTebt 416, 8; BGU 246, 19; Josh l0:1; Da 5:14 Theod.; 1 Macc 6:55; 4 Macc 4:22; cp. the constr. ἀ. τινὰ ὅτι Od. 3, 193; X., Mem. 4, 2, 33) Mt 2:22; 4:12 al.—Pass. ἠκούσθη ὅτι ἐν οἴκῳ ἐστίν it became known that he was in the house Mk 2:1 (s. B-D-F §405, 2). οὐκ ἠκούσθη ὅτι it is unheard of that J 9:32.ⓕ w. acc. and inf. foll. (Hom. et al.; Jos., Ant. 11, 165; 13, 292) J 12:18; 1 Cor 11:18. W. acc. and ptc. (X., Cyr. 2, 4, 12; Herodian 2, 12, 4) Ac 7:12; 3J 4.④ to give careful attention to, listen to, heed ἀ. τινός someone (Hom. et al.) ἀκούετε αὐτοῦ Mt 17:5; Lk 9:35; Ac 3:22 (all three Dt 18:15); cp. Mt 18:15; Lk 16:29, 31; J 10:8; Ac 4:19. W. acc. of thing J 8:47 (s. 1bα); PEg2 53f (restored).—Abs. (PsSol 2:8) obey, listen αὐτοὶ καὶ ἀκούσονται Ac 28:28; cp. Mt 18:16; J 5:25b; agree 9:27a.⑤ to pay attention to by listening, listen to ἀ. τινός someone/someth. (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 14 I, 18; 461, 6) Mk 6:11; J 6:60b. Of God (Hom.+) Ac 7:34 (Ex 3:7); J 9:31; 11:41f; 1J 5:14f; AcPt Ox 849, 27.—Abs. καθὼς ἠδύναντο ἀ. as they were able to listen Mk 4:33 (EMolland, SymbOsl 8, 1929, 83–91; s. also 7 below).⑥ to be given a nickname or other identifying label, be called (Demosth. 18, 46 κόλακες ἀκούουσι; Diog. L. 2, 111 a derisive nickname; 2, 140) ἤκουσαν προδόται γονέων they were called betrayers of their parents Hv 2, 2, 2.⑦ to hear and understand a message, understand (Teles p. 47, 12; Galen: CMG Suppl. I p. 12, 29; Aelian, VH 13, 46; Apollon. Dysc., Syntax p. 295, 25 [Gramm. Gr. II/2 p. 424, 5 U.] ἀκούειν= συνιέναι τῶν ἠκουσμένων; Sext. Emp., Math. 1, 37 τὸ μὴ πάντας πάντων ἀκούειν; Julian, Orat. 4 p. 147a; PGM 3, 453 ἀκούσεις τὰ ὄρνεα λαλοῦντα; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 35) abs. (Is 36:11) 1 Cor 14:2. Perh. also Mk 4:33 (s. 5 above, and cp. Epict. 1, 29, 66 τ. δυναμένοις αὐτὰ ἀκοῦσαι). On the form of Lk 6:27a cp. Cleopatra 16, 57 ὑμῖν δὲ λέγω τοῖς εὖ φρονοῦσιν. W. acc. τὸν νόμον understand the law Gal 4:21; perh. Ac 22:9; 26:14 (s. 1bα above) belong here. Cp. also the play on words (1a above) ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἀκούουσιν Mt 13:13; cp. Mk 8:18. Here belong also the imperatives in Mt 11:15; 13:9, 43; Mk 4:9, 23; 7:15 [16] v.l.; Lk 8:8; 14:35; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 13:9; also ὁ ἔχων ὦ[τ]α τ[ῶν ἀ]|περάντων [ἀ]κο[ύει?]ν ἀ|κουέτω one who has ears to hear the things that are without limits let him hear Ox 1081, 6–8, rev. on the basis of the Coptic, s. SJCh 89, 5f; cp. Borger, GGA 122.—ἀκούω is occasionally used as a perfective present: I hear= I have heard (so as early as Il. 24, 543; Aristoph., Frogs 426; X., An. 2, 5, 13, Mem. 2, 4, 1; 3, 5, 26; Pla., Rep. 583d; Theocr. 15, 23) Lk 9:9; 1 Cor 11:18; 2 Th 3:11. B-D-F §322.—B. 1037; 1339. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
53 ἐπιλαμβάνομαι
ἐπιλαμβάνομαι (s. λαμβάνω) fut. ἐπιλήψομαι LXX; 2 aor. ἐπελαβόμην; pf. ptc. fem. ἐπειλημμένη Gen 25:26 (in our lit., as well as LXX and TestJos 8:2, only in the mid., which is used since Hdt.; also ins, pap; Philo, Somn. 2, 68; Jos., Bell. 6, 232; Just.).① to make the motion of grasping or taking hold of someth., take hold of, grasp, catch, sometimes w. violence, w. gen. foll. (Hdt. 6, 114 al.; LXX) of pers. (Laud. Therap. 24 ἐπιλαμβάνονται τοῦ ἀνδρός; 2 Km 13:11; Is 3:6) Mt 14:31; Lk 23:26 v.l.; Ac 17:19; 21:30, 33 (s. 2 below); of thing (LXX) τῆς χειρός τινος (cp. Pla., Prot. 335c; Zech 14:13; Jos., Ant. 9, 180) Mk 8:23; Ac 23:19; fig. Hb 8:9 (Jer 38:32). Foll. by gen. of pers. and of thing by which the person is grasped (X., An. 4, 7, 12 ἐ. αὐτοῦ τῆς ἴτυος ‘his shield’; Diod S 17, 30, 4; Epict. 1, 29, 23; Bel 36 LXX; TestJos 8:2) μου τῆς χειρός me by the hand Hv 3, 2, 4 (Plut., Mor. 207c ἐπιλαβόμενος αὐτοῦ τῆς χειρός). αὐτοῦ τῆς πήρας him by the knapsack Hs 9, 10, 5. W. acc. of pers. (cp. Pla., Leg. 6, 779c) Lk 9:47; press into service 23:26 (for the loanw. ἀγγαρεύω, q.v.). Freq., where ἐ. seems to govern the acc., that case is actually the object of the finite verb upon which ἐ. depends: Lk 14:4; Ac 9:27; 16:19; 18:17.② to take into custody, arrest (cp. Demosth. 33, 9) Ac 21:33.③ to pounce on someth. compromising, catch, fig. ext. of 1, w. double gen. (cp. 1 above) someone in someth. αὐτοῦ λόγου him in someth. he said Lk 20:20; also αὐτοῦ ῥήματος vs. 26④ take hold of in order to make one’s own, take hold of, fig. ext. of 1 (Hdt. 1, 127; 5, 23; Polyb. 6, 50, 6; 15, 8, 12; Pr 4:13) τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς 1 Ti 6:12; cp. vs. 19.⑤ be concerned with/about. The context of ἀγγέλων, σπέρματος Ἀβραάμ Hb 2:16 suggests the rendering take an interest in, prob. in the sense help (schol. on Aeschyl., Pers. 742 [but s. KDolfe, ZNW 84, ’93, on the textual problem]; Sir 4:11). This may be the place for the variant reading ἐπιλαβών (but the act. is otherw. never used in LXX or NT) Mk 14:72.—M-M. TW.Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐπιλαμβάνομαι
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54 ἑαυτοῦ
ἑαυτοῦ, ῆς, οῦ, pl. ἑαυτῶν, reflexive pron. (Hom.+; JosAs 7:6 [oft. cod. A; 3:2 αὐτοῦ]). Editors variously replace contract forms αὑτοῦ and αὑτῶν of later mss. w. uncontracted forms or w. αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν; cp., e.g., the texts of Mk 9:16; Lk 23:12; J 2:24; 20:10; Ac 14:17; Ro 1:24; Eph 2:15; Hb 5:3; 1J 5:10; Rv 8:6; 18:7 in GNT1–3 w. GNT4; s. also Merk’s treatment of these same pass. Cp. the ms. evidence for Phil 3:21 in GNT1–3 w. its absence in GNT4. (W-S. §223 16; B-D-F §64, 1; Mayser 305; I2/2, 65; Rob. 226; Mlt-Turner 190; M-M. s.v. αὑτοῦ; RBorger, TRu 52, ’88, 17–19).① indicator of identity w. the pers. speaking or acting, selfⓐ of the third pers. sing. and pl. ταπεινοῦν ἑαυτόν humble oneself Mt 18:4; 23:12. Opp. ὑψοῦν ἑ. exalt oneself 23:12; δοξάζειν ἑ. glorify oneself Rv 18:7 v.l. ἀπαρνεῖσθαι ἑ. deny oneself 16:24; Mk 8:34 (Mel, P. 26, 181). ἀμάρτυρον ἑ. ἀφεῖναι leave oneself without witness Ac 14:17 v.l.; ἑτοιμάζειν ἑ. prepare oneself Rv 8:6 v.l. εὐνουχίζειν ἑ. make a eunuch of oneself Mt 19:12; σῴζειν ἑ. (Jos., Ant. 10, 137) 27:42; κατακόπτειν ἑ. beat oneself Mk 5:5; πιστεύειν ἑαυτόν τινι J 2:24 v.l. et al.; ἀγοράζειν τι ἑαυτῷ buy someth. for oneself Mt 14:15; Mk 6:36; θησαυρίζων ἑαυτῷ lay up assets for oneself Lk 12:21. ὑποτάσσειν ἑ. Phil 3:21 v.l. W. the middle (cp. X., Mem. 1, 6, 13 ποιεῖσθαι ἑαυτῷ φίλον; Sir 37:8): διεμερίσαντο ἑαυτοῖς they divided among them J 19:24 (Ps 21:19).—The simple dat. may also be used to emphasize the subject as agent (Hdt. 1, 32; Strabo 2, 1, 35; POxy 2351, 49; Ps 26:12; SSol 1:8) βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τὸν σταυρόν bearing the cross without help J 19:17; ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται they themselves will be responsible for the judgment they are to receive Ro 13:2; οὐκ ἐπαινοῦμεν τοὺς προσιόντας ἑαυτοῖς we do not commend those who take the initiative in advancing themselves MPol 4; cp. στρῶσον σεαυτῷ make your own bed Ac 9:34.—Rydbeck 51–61.—Used esp. w. prep.α. ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ (ἀπό 5eα; TestAbr A 19 p. 101, 6 [Stone p. 50]; Just., A I, 43, 8 ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ ἑλόμενος τὸ ἀγαθόν; Tat. 17, 4 ἐχθρὸν ἀμυνεῖται): ποιεῖν τι do someth. of one’s own accord J 5:19. λαλεῖν speak on one’s own authority (Diod S 12, 66, 2 ἐκήρυξέ τις ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ; i.e. without orders from a higher authority) 7:18; 16:13; λέγειν 11:51; 18:34 v.l. (M. Ant. 11, 19 τοῦτο οὐκ ἀπὸ σαυτοῦ μέλλεις λέγειν). καρπὸν φέρειν bear fruit by itself 15:4. ἱκανὸν εἶναι be competent by oneself 2 Cor 3:5 (ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν interchanging w. ἐξ ἑαυτῶν; s. also 1aδ). γινώσκειν know by oneself Lk 21:30. κρίνειν judge for oneself 12:57 (ἐξετάζειν Ath. 18, 1).β. διʼ ἑαυτοῦ (POxy 273, 21; PTebt 72, 197; TestJob 16:4): κοινὸς διʼ ἑαυτοῦ unclean in itself Ro 14:14 (EpJer 26; Just., A I, 54, 8; A II, 10, 8; D. 56, 1).γ. ἐν ἑαυτῷ to or in oneself, εὐπαρεπέστατον ἦν ἐν αὑτῷ τὸ ὄρος Hs 9, 1, 10. J 13:32 v.l.; Ro 1:24 v.l.; Eph 2:15 v.l. Otherw. mostly w. verbs of speaking, in contrast to audible utterance; s. διαλογίζομαι 1, εἶπον 6, λέγω 1bζ; otherw. ἔχειν τι ἐν ἑαυτῷ have someth. in oneself (cp. Jdth 10:19; Jos., Ant. 8, 171; Just., D. 8, 2; Ath. 10, 2) J 5:26, 42; 6:53; 17:13; 2 Cor 1:9. Gener., of what takes place in the inner consciousness διαπορεῖν Ac 10:17. Esp. γίνεσθαι ἐν ἑαυτῷ come to one’s senses 12:11 (X., An. 1, 5, 17 ὁ Κλέαρχος ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἐγένετο; Polyb. 1, 49, 8; Chariton 3, 9, 11 ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος). Also:δ. ἐξ ἑαυτῶν (Soph., El. 343 ἐκ σαυτῆς; Theophr. Fgm. 96 [in Ps.-Demetr. 222] ἐξ αὑτοῦ) of (our) own strength 2 Cor 3:5.ε. εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἔρχεσθαι come to one’s senses Lk 15:17 (Diod S 13, 95, 2; Epict. 3, 1, 15; GrBar 17:3).ζ. καθʼ ἑαυτόν by oneself (X., Mem. 3, 5, 4; Plut., Anton. 940 [54, 1 and 2]; 2 Macc 13:13; Just., D. 4, 5; 74:2; Ath. 15, 2 al.) μένειν live by oneself (in a private house) Ac 28:16. πίστις νεκρά ἐστιν καθʼ ἑαυτήν faith (when it remains) by itself is dead Js 2:17 (Diog. L. 1, 64 from a letter of Solon: religion and lawgivers can do nothing καθʼ ἑαυτά=if they are dependent on themselves alone).—βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθʼ ἑαυτῆς a kingdom that is divided against itself Mt 12:25.—μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ, μεθʼ ἑαυτῶν with oneself, themselves (cp. 1 Km 9:3; 24:3 ἔλαβεν μεθʼ ἑ.) Mt 12:45; 25:3.η. παρʼ ἑαυτῷ τιθέναι τι put someth. aside 1 Cor 16:2 (X., Mem. 3, 13, 3; cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 68 οἴκαδε παρʼ αὑτῷ; Tat. 7, 2 λόγου δύναμις ἔχουσα παρʼ ἑαυτῇ τὸ προγνωστικόν ‘has in itself’).θ. περὶ ἑ. προσφέρειν make offering for himself Hb 5:3. τὰ περι ἑαυτοῦ the passages about himself Lk 24:27.ι. πρὸς ἑαυτὸν προσεύχεσθαι pray to oneself (=in silence) 18:11 (cp. Aristaen., Ep. 1, 6; 2 Macc 11:13; Jos., Ant. 11, 210; Vi. Aesopi G 9 P. πρὸς ἑαυτὸν εἶπεν; 38; Just., D. 62, 2 πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγεν ὁ θεός … πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς λέγομεν). ἀπῆλθεν πρὸς ἑαυτόν, θαυμάζων τὸ γέγονος (Peter) went home, (all the while) marveling at what had taken place Lk 24:12 (FNeirynck, ETL 54, ’78, 104–18). ἀπέρχεσθαι πρὸς ἑαυτούς go home J 20:10 v.l. (for αὐτούς, cp. Polyb. 5, 93, 1; Num 24:25; Jos., Ant. 8, 124; s. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 102f). Lk 23:12 v.l.ⓑ for the first and second pers. pl. (gener. H. Gk.; s. FKälker, Quaest. de elocut. Polyb. 1880, 277; Mlt. 87; B-D-F §64, 1; Mayser 303, w. further lit. in note 3; Rob. 689f) ἑαυτούς = ἡμᾶς αὐτούς (Themistocl., Ep. 15; Jos., Bell. 5, 536; Just., A I, 53, 3; D. 32, 5; 34, 1 al.; Tat. 30, 1; Ath. 12, 1) 1 Cor 11:31. ἐν ἑαυτοῖς = ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς Ro 8:23; 2 Cor 1:9; =ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς Ro 11:25 v.l. (En 6:2 ἐκλεξώμεθα ἑαυτοῖς γυναῖκας). διʼ ἑαυτῶν = διʼ ἡμῶν αὐ. 1 Cl 32:4; παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς = παρʼ ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς Ro 11:25 (cp. Just., D. 141, 1 and Tat. 11:2 διʼ ἑαυτούς). ἑαυτοῖς = ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς (cp. En 15:3; TestJob 45:3; TestDan 6:1; Jos., Ant. 4, 190; 8, 277) Mt 23:31; Ro 11:25 v.l.; 1 Cl 47:7.—This replacement of the first and second pers. by the third is very much less common in the sg. (Ps.-Pla., Alc. 2, 143c; Dio Chrys. 30 [47], 6 σὺ … αὑτόν; Aelian, VH 1, 21; Galen, Protr. 10 p. 30, 10 John; Syntipas p. 115, 10 μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ=with me; TestJob 2:3 διελογιζόμην ἐν ἑαυτῷ; GrBar 17:3 εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἐλθὼν δόξαν ἔφερον τῷ θεῷ. Transjordanian ins: NGG Phil.-Hist. Kl. Fachgr. V n.s. I/1 ’36, p. 3, 1; other exx. in Mlt. 87, n. 2; Mayser 304; Hauser 100), and can hardly be established w. certainty for the NT gener.: s. J 18:34 v.l.; Ro 13:9 v.l.; cp. ISm 4:2 (v.l. ἐμαυτόν); Hv 4, 1, 5 Joly (ἐμαυτῷ B.); Hs 2:1.② marker of reciprocal relationship, for the reciprocal pron. ἀλλήλων, ἀλλήλοις, ἀλλήλους (also in earlier auth., Kühner-G. I 573; pap in Mayser 304; LXX; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] ἔδονται τὰ(ς) σάρκας αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ αἱμα αὐτῶν πίονται; Tat. 3, 3.—W-S. §22, 13; B-D-F §287; Rob. 690) each other, one another συζητεῖν πρὸς ἑαυτούς Mk 9:16 v.l. (s. VTaylor, Comm. ad. loc.; ASyn. app., w. correction of Tdf. app.); λέγοντες πρὸς ἑαυτούς as they said to each other Mk 10:26; cp. J 12:19 (πρὸς ἑ. as Antig. Car. 39 μάχεσθαι πρὸς αὑτούς; Lucian, Philops. 29, Ver. Hist. 1, 35; Tat. 26, 3 πολεμοῦντες … ἑαυτοῖς ἀλλήλους καθαιρεεῖτε). χαρίζεσθαι ἑαυτοῖς forgive one another Eph 4:32; Col 3:13. νουθετεῖν ἑαυτούς admonish one another vs. 16. εἰρηνεύειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς live in peace w. one another 1 Th 5:13; τὴν εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἀγάπην 1 Pt 4:9.③ marker of possession by the pers. spoken of or acting, in place of the possessive pron. his, her (Mayser 304f; Mlt. 87f) Mt 8:22; 21:8; 25:1; Lk 2:39; 9:60; 11:21; 12:36 al. ESchwartz, Index lectionum 1905, 8f; DTabachovitz, Eranos 93, ’55, 76ff; ADihle, Noch einmal ἑαυτῷ: Glotta 39, ’60, 83–92; s. Rydbeck (1a beg.).—DELG. M-M. -
55 ἔχω
ἔχω (Hom.+) impf. εἶχον, 1 pl. εἴχαμεν and 3 pl. εἶχαν (both as vv.ll.; Mlt-H. 194; B-D-F §82) Mk 8:7; Rv 9:8 or εἴχοσαν (B-D-F §84, 2; Mlt-H. 194; Kühner-Bl. II p. 55) J 15:22, 24; 2 aor. ἔσχον; mixed aor. forms include ἔσχαν Hv 3, 5, 1, ἔσχοσαν 1 Esdr 6:5; 1 Macc 10:15 (ἔσχον, εἴχον vv.ll.); pf. ἔσχηκα; plpf. ἐσχήκειν.—In the following divisions: act. trans. 1–9; act. intr. 10; mid. 11.① to possess or contain, have, own (Hom.+)ⓐ to possess someth. that is under one’s controlα. own, possess (s. esp. TestJob 9f) κτήματα πολλά own much property Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. πρόβατα Lk 15:4; J 10:16. θησαυρόν Mt 19:21; Mk 10:21b. βίον living Lk 21:4; 1J 3:17. δραχμὰς δέκα Lk 15:8. πλοῖα Rv 18:19. κληρονομίαν Eph 5:5. θυσιαστήριον Hb 13:10a; μέρος ἔ. ἔν τινι have a share in someth. Rv 20:6. Gener. μηδὲν ἔ. own nothing (SibOr 3, 244) 2 Cor 6:10. ὅσα ἔχεις Mk 10:21; cp. 12:44; Mt 13:44, 46; 18:25. τί ἔχεις ὸ̔ οὐκ ἔλαβες; what do you have that you have not been given? 1 Cor 4:7. The obj. acc. is often used w. an adj. or ptc.: ἔ. ἅπαντα κοινά have everything in common Ac 2:44 (cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 18). ἔ. πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ κείμενα have many good things stored up Lk 12:19.—Hb 12:1. Abs. ἔ. have (anything) (Soph.et al.; Sir 13:5; 14:11) Mt 13:12a; Mk 4:25a; Lk 8:18a. ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν in accordance w. what you have 2 Cor 8:11. ἔ. εἰς ἀπαρτισμόν have (enough) to complete Lk 14:28. W. neg. ἔ. have nothing Mt 13:12b; Mk 4:25b; Lk 8:18b.—ὁ ἔχων the one who has, who is well off (Soph., Aj. 157; Eur., Alc. 57; X., An. 7, 3, 28; Ar. 15:7). πᾶς ὁ ἔχων everyone who has (anything) Mt 25:29a; Lk 19:26a. ὁ μὴ ἔχων the one who has nothing (X., An. 7, 3, 28; 1 Esdr 9:51, 54; 2 Esdr 18:10) Mt 25:29b; Lk 19:26b; 1 Cor 11:22.β. have = hold in one’s charge or keeping ἔ. τὰς κλεῖς hold the keys Rv 1:18; cp. 3:7. τὸ γλωσσόκομον the money-box J 12:6; 13:29.ⓑ to contain someth. have, possess, of the whole in relation to its partsα. of living beings, of parts of the body in men and animals μέλη Ro 12:4a; cp. 1 Cor 12:12. σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα Lk 24:39 (Just., A I, 66, 2 καὶ σάρκα καὶ αἷμα) ἀκροβυστίαν Ac 11:3. οὖς Rv 2:7, 11. ὦτα Mt 11:15; Mk 7:16; Lk 8:8. χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς Mt 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45, 47. Of animals and animal-like beings ἔ. πρόσωπον Rv 4:7. πτέρυγας vs. 8. κέρατα 5:6. ψυχάς 8:9. τρίχας 9:8. κεφαλάς 12:3 (TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 19 [Stone p. 84]) al. ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32 (Just., D. 48, 3 σάρκα ἔχων). Of plants (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62] εὗρον δένδρον … ἔχον κλάδους) ῥίζαν ἔ. Mt 13:6; Mk 4:6.β. of inanimate things: of cities τ. θεμελίους ἔ. Hb 11:10; cp. Rv 21:14. Of a head-covering χαρακτῆρα ἔχει βασιλικόν has a royal emblem GJs 2:2.ⓒ to have at hand, have at one’s disposal have ἄρτους Mt 14:17; cp. 15:34; J 21:5, where the sense is prob. ‘Did you catch any fish for breakfast?’. οὐκ ἔχω ὸ̔ παραθήσω αὐτῷ I have nothing to set before him Lk 11:6. μὴ ἐχόντων τί φάγωσι since they had nothing to eat Mk 8:1; cp. Mt 15:32 (Soph., Oed. Col. 316 οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ). οὐκ ἔχω ποῦ συνάξω I have no place to store Lk 12:17. ἄντλημα a bucket J 4:11a. οἰκίας ἔ. have houses (at one’s disposal) 1 Cor 11:22. Of pers.: have (at one’s disposal) (PAmh 92, 18 οὐχ ἕξω κοινωνόν and oft. in pap) Moses and the prophets Lk 16:29. παράκλητον an advocate, a helper 1J 2:1. οὐδένα ἔ. ἰσόψυχον Phil 2:20. ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἔ. J 5:7.ⓓ to have within oneself have σύλλημα ἔχει ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου she has something conceived through the Holy Spirit GJs 18:1. Var. constr. w. ἐν: of women ἐν γαστρὶ ἔ. be pregnant (γαστήρ 2) Mt 1:18, 23 (Is 7:14); 24:19; Mk 13:17; Lk 21:23; 1 Th 5:3; Rv 12:2. ἔ. τινὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ have someone in one’s heart Phil 1:7 (Ovid, Metam. 2, 641 aliquem clausum pectore habere). ἔ. τι ἐν ἑαυτῷ (Jos., Ant. 8, 171; cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 14 [Stone p. 8] ἔκρυψεν τὸ μυστήριον, μόνος ἔχων ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ): ζωήν J 5:26. τὴν μαρτυρίαν 1J 5:10; τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου have a sentence of death within oneself 2 Cor 1:9.ⓔ to have with oneself or in one’s company have μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 17) τινά someone Mt 15:30; 26:11; Mk 2:19; 14:7; J 12:8; AcPl Ha 8, 35; σὺν αὐτῷ 4:18.—The ptc. w. acc. = with (Diod S 12, 78, 1 ἔχων δύναμιν with a [military] force; 18, 61, 1 ὁ θρόνος ἔχων τὸ διάδημα the throne with the diadem; JosAs 27:8 ἔχοντες ἐσπασμένας τὰς ῥομφαίας ‘with their swords drawn’) ἀνέβησαν ἔχοντες αὐτόν they went up with him Lk 2:42 D.② to stand in a close relationship to someone, have, have asⓐ of relatives πατέρα ἔ. J 8:41. ἀδελφούς Lk 16:28. ἄνδρα (Aristot., Cat. 15b, 27f λεγόμεθα δὲ καὶ γυναῖκα ἔχειν καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἄνδρα; Tob 3:8 BA) be married (of the woman) J 4:17f; 1 Cor 7:2b, 13; Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1). γυναῖκα of the man (cp. Lucian, Tox. 45; SIG 1160 γυναικὸς Αἴ., τῆς νῦν ἔχει; PGM 13, 320; 1 Esdr 9:12, 18; Just., D. 141, 4 πολλὰς ἔσχον γυναίκας. As early as Od. 11, 603 Heracles ἔχει Ἥβην) 1 Cor 7:2a, 12, 29 (for the wordplay cp. Heliod. 1, 18, 4 in connection w. the handing over of a virgin: σὺ ἔχων οὐκ ἕξεις; Crates, 7th Ep. [p. 58, 8 Malherbe] πάντʼ ἔχοντες οὐδὲν ἔχετε). τέκνα Mt 21:28; 22:24; 1 Ti 3:4; 5:4; Tit 1:6. υἱούς (Artem. 5, 42 τὶς τρεῖς ἔχων υἱούς; cp. θυγατέρα TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 17 [Stone p.76]) Lk 15:11; Gal 4:22. σπέρμα have children Mt 22:25. W. acc. as obj. and in predicate (Ar. 8, 4 τούτους συνηγόρους ἔχοντες τῆς κακίας; 11, 3 ἔσχε μοιχὸν τὸν Ἄρην; Ath. 7, 2 ἔχομεν προφήτας μάρτυρας) ἔ. τινὰ πατέρα have someone as father Mt 3:9. ἔ. τινὰ γυναῖκα (w. γυναῖκα to be understood fr. the context) 14:4; cp. Mk 6:18; ὥστε γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔ. that someone has taken his father’s wife (as his own wife: the simple ἔχειν in this sense as Plut., Cato Min. 21, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 10 §34; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 147. Perh. an illicit relationship is meant, as Longus 4, 17; Hesychius Miles. [VI A.D.], Viri Ill. 4 JFlach [1880] ἔχω Λαί̈δα) 1 Cor 5:1 (Diod S 20, 33, 5 of a man who had illicit relations with his stepmother: ἔχειν λάθρᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν Ἀλκίαν).ⓑ more gener. φίλον have a friend Lk 11:5. ἀσθενοῦντας have sick people Lk 4:40 and χήρας widows 1 Ti 5:16 to care for; παιδαγωγοὺς ἔ. 1 Cor 4:15. δοῦλον Lk 17:7. οἰκονόμον 16:1; κύριον ἔ. have a master, i.e. be under a master’s control Col 4:1; δεσπότην ἔ. 1 Ti 6:2; βασιλέα J 19:15. ἀρχιερέα Hb 4:14; 8:1. ποιμένα Mt 9:36. ἔχων ὑπʼ ἐμαυτὸν στρατιώτας I have soldiers under me Lk 7:8. W. direct obj. and predicate acc. ἔ. τινὰ ὑπηρέτην have someone as an assistant Ac 13:5 (Just., A I, 14, 1) ἔ. τινὰ τύπον have someone as an example Phil 3:17.—Of the relation of Christians to God and to Jesus ἔ. θεόν, τὸν πατέρα, τὸν υἱόν have God, the Father, the Son, i.e. be in communion w. them 1J 2:23; 2J 9; AcPl Ha 4, 7.—HHanse, at end of this entry.③ to take a hold on someth., have, hold (to), gripⓐ of holding someth. in one’s hand ἔ. τι ἐν τῇ χειρί have someth. in one’s hand (since Il. 18, 505) Rv 1:16; 6:5; 10:2; 17:4. Of holding in the hand without ἐν τῇ χειρί (Josh 6:8; JosAs 5:7) ἔ. κιθάραν 5:8. λιβανωτὸν χρυσοῦν 8:3, cp. vs. 6; 14:17 and s. ἀλάβαστρον Mt 26:7 and Mk 14:3.ⓑ of keeping someth. safe, a mina (a laborer’s wages for about three months) in a handkerchief keep safe Lk 19:20.ⓒ of holding fast to matters of transcendent importance, fig. τὴν μαρτυρίαν Rv 6:9; 12:17; 19:10; the secret of Christian piety 1 Ti 3:9; an example of sound teaching 2 Ti 1:13; keep (Diod S 17, 93, 1 τὴν βασιλείαν ἔχειν=keep control) Mk 6:18.ⓓ of states of being hold, hold in its grip, seize (Hom. et al.; PGiss 65a, 4 παρακαλῶ σε κύριέ μου, εἰδότα τὴν ἔχουσάν με συμφορὰν ἀπολῦσαί μοι; Job 21:6; Is 13:8; Jos., Ant. 3, 95 δέος εἶχε τοὺς Ἑβρ.; 5, 63; Just., D. 19, 3) εἶχεν αὐτὰς τρόμος καὶ ἔκστασις trembling and amazement had seized them Mk 16:8.④ to carry/bear as accessory or part of a whole, have on, wear, of clothing, weapons, etc. (Hom. et al.; LXX; TestAbr B p. 114, 22 [Stone p. 76]) τὸ ἔνδυμα Mt 3:4; 22:12 (cp. ἔνδυσιν TestJob 25:7). κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων w. τὶ to be supplied while he wears (a covering) on his head 1 Cor 11:4. ἔ. θώρακας Rv 9:9, 17. ἔ. μάχαιραν wear a sword (Jos., Ant. 6, 190) J 18:10. Sim. of trees ἔ. φύλλα have leaves Mk 11:13 (ApcSed. 8:8).⑤ be in a position to do someth., can, be able, ἔ. w. inf. foll. (Hom. et al.; cp. Eur., Hec. 761; Hdt. 1, 49; Pla., Phd. p. 76d; Demosth., Ep. 2, 22; Theocr. 10, 37 τὸν τρόπον οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν=I cannot specify the manner; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 21, 2, Hermot. 55; Epict. 1, 9, 32; 2, 2, 24 al.; Ael. Aristid. 51, 50 K.=27 p. 546 D.: οὐκ ἔχω λέγειν; PPetr II, 12, 1, 16; PAmh 131, 15; Pr 3:27; ApcEsdr 2:24; 3:7; 6:5; TestAbr A 8, p. 86, 13 [Stone p. 20]; Jos., Ant. 1, 338; 2, 58; Just., A I, 19, 5, D. 4, 6 οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν) ἔ. ἀποδοῦναι be able to pay Mt 18:25a; Lk 7:42; 14:14. μὴ ἔ. περισσότερον τι ποιῆσαι be in a position to do nothing more 12:4. οὐδὲν ἔ. ἀντειπεῖν be able to make a reply Ac 4:14; cp. Tit 2:8. ἔ. κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ J 8:6 (cp. 9a below, end). ἀσφαλές τι γράψαι οὐκ ἔχω I have nothing definite to write Ac 25:26a; cp. 26b. ἔ. μεταδιδόναι Eph 4:28a. ἔ. τὴν τούτων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι be able to recall these things to mind 2 Pt 1:15. κατʼ οὐδενὸς εἶχεν μείζονος ὀμόσαι he could swear by no one greater Hb 6:13. In the same sense without the actual addition of the inf., which is automatically supplied fr. context (X., An. 2, 1, 9) ὸ̔ ἔσχεν (i.e. ποιῆσαι) ἐποίησεν she has done what she could Mk 14:8.⑥ to have an opinion about someth., consider, look upon, view w. acc. as obj. and predicate acc. (POxy 292, 6 [c. 25 A.D.] ἔχειν αὐτὸν συνεσταμένον=look upon him as recommended; 787 [16 A.D.]; PGiss 71, 4; Job 30:9; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 19; Ath. 32, 3 τοὺς μὲν υἱοὺς … νοοῦμεν, τοὺς δὲ ἀδελφούς ἔχομεν) ἔχε με παρῃτημένον consider me excused (= don’t expect me to come) Lk 14:18b, 19 (cp. Martial 2, 79 excusatum habeas me). τινὰ ἔντιμον ἔ. hold someone in honor Phil 2:29. ἔ. τινὰ ὡς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46 v.l. (cp. GNicod 5 [=Acta Pilati B 5 p. 297 Tdf.] ἔχειν [Jannes and Jambres] ὡς θεούς; Just., D. 47, 5 τὸν μετανοοῦντα … ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον ἔχει). ἔ. τινὰ εἰς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 21:46 (cp. Duris [III B.C.]: 76 Fgm. 21 Jac. ὸ̔ν εἰς θεοὺς ἔχουσιν). εἶχον τ. Ἰωάννην ὄντως ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they thought that John was really a prophet Mk 11:32.⑦ to experience someth., have (freq. in auxiliary capacity CTurner, JTS 28, 1927, 357–60)ⓐ of all conditions of body and soul (Hom. et al.; LXX)α. of illness, et al. (ApcMos 6 νόσον καὶ πόνον ἔχω; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 305) ἀσθενείας have sicknesses/diseases Ac 28:9. μάστιγας physical troubles Mk 3:10. πληγὴν τῆς μαχαίρης Rv 13:14. θλῖψιν J 16:33b; 1 Cor 7:28; Rv 2:10. Esp. of possession by hostile spirits: δαιμόνιον ἔ. be possessed by an evil spirit Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; 8:27; J 7:20; 8:48f, 52; 10:20. Βεελζεβούλ Mk 3:22. πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον vs. 30; 7:25; Ac 8:7. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου Lk 4:33. πνεῦμα πονηρόν Ac 19:13. πνεῦμα ἄλαλον Mk 9:17. πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας spirit of sickness Lk 13:11. τὸν λεγιῶνα (the evil spirit called) Legion Mk 5:15.β. gener. of conditions, characteristics, capabilities, emotions, inner possession: ἀγάπην ἔ. have love (cp. Diod S 3, 58, 3 φιλίαν ἔχειν; Just., D. 93, 4 φιλίαν ἢ ἀγάπην ἔχοντε) J 5:42; 13:35; 15:13; 1J 4:16; 1 Cor 13:1ff; 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 2:2; 1 Pt 4:8. ἀγνωσίαν θεοῦ fail to know God 1 Cor 15:34. ἁμαρτίαν J 9:41; 15:22a. ἀσθένειαν Hb 7:28. γνῶσιν 1 Cor 8:1, 10 (Just., A II, 13, 1; D. 28, 4). ἐλπίδα Ac 24:15; Ro 15:4; 2 Cor 3:12; 10:15; Eph 2:12; 1J 3:3 (Ath. 33, 1). ἐπιθυμίαν Phil 1:23. ἐπιποθίαν Ro 15:23b; ζῆλον ἔ. have zeal Ro 10:2. Have jealousy Js 3:14. θυμόν Rv 12:12. λύπην (ApcMos 3 p. 2, 16 Tdf.) J 16:21f; 2 Cor 2:3; Phil 2:27; μνείαν τινὸς ἔ. remember someone 1 Th 3:6. παρρησίαν Phlm 8; Hb 10:19; 1J 2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14. πεποίθησιν 2 Cor 3:4; Phil 3:4. πίστιν Mt 17:20; 21:21; Mk 4:40; Ac 14:9; Ro 14:22; 1 Cor 13:2; 1 Ti 1:19 al. (Just., A I, 52, 1). προφητείαν have the gift of prophecy 1 Cor 13:2. σοφίαν (X., Mem. 2, 3, 10) Rv 17:9. συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν Hb 10:2. καλὴν συνείδησιν 13:18; ἀγαθὴν ς. 1 Ti 1:19; 1 Pt 3:16; ἀπρόσκοπον ς. Ac 24:16; ὑπομονήν Rv 2:3. φόβον 1 Ti 5:20. χαράν Phlm 7. χάριν ἔ. τινί be grateful to someone Lk 17:9; 1 Ti 1:12; 2 Ti 1:3; σιγὴν ἔ. be silent Hs 9, 11, 5. ἀνάγκην ἔσχον I felt it necessary Jd 3 (HKoskenniemi, Studien zur Idee und Phraseologie des Griechischen Briefes bis 400 n. Chr. ’56, 78–87).γ. of advantages, benefits, or comforts that one enjoys: ἔ. τὰ αἰτήματα to have been granted the requests 1J 5:15; ἀνάπαυσιν ἔ. have rest Rv 4:8; 14:11; ἀπόλαυσιν τινος ἔ. enjoy someth. Hb 11:25. βάθος γῆς Mt 13:5b; Mk 4:5b; γῆν πολλήν Mt 13:5a; Mk 4:5a. τὴν προσέλευσιν τὴν πρὸς τὸν κύριον AcPl Ha 8, 22f; εἰρήνην Ro 5:1. ἐλευθερίαν Gal 2:4. S. ἐξουσία, ἐπαγγελία, ἔπαινος, ζωή, ἰκμάς, καιρός, καρπός, καύχημα, καύχησις, λόγος, μισθός, νοῦς, πνεῦμα, προσαγωγή, πρόφασις, τιμή, χάρις (=favor), χάρισμα.δ. of a sense of obligation in regard to someth.—W. dir. object have = have someth. over one, be under someth.: ἀνάγκην ἔχειν be under necessity 1 Cor 7:37a; w. inf. foll. have a need (ἀνάγκη 1) Lk 14:18; 23:16 v.l.; Hb 7:27; χρείαν ἔ. be in need abs. Eph 4:28b; τινός need someth. (Aeschyl. et al.; SIG 333, 20; 421, 35 al.; PPetr III, 42 G 9, 7 [III B.C.] ἐάν τινος χρείαν ἔχῃς; Ath. 13, 2 ποίας ἔτι χρείαν ἑκατόμβης ἔχει;) Mt 6:8; 9:12a; Mk 11:3; Lk 19:31, 34; J 13:29; 1 Cor 12:21; Hb 10:36 al.; w. inf. foll. (TestSol 13:2) Mt 3:14; 14:16; J 13:10; 1 Th 1:8; 4:9; 5:1. νόμον J 19:7. ἐπιταγήν 1 Cor 7:25. ἐντολήν (SIG 559, 9 ἔ. τὰς ἰντολάς; 1 Esdr 4:52; 2 Macc 3:13; Jos., Bell. 1, 261) Hb 7:5; 1J 2:7; 4:21; 2J 5; cp. J 14:21. διακονίαν 2 Cor 4:1. ἀγῶνα Phil 1:30; Col 2:1. πρᾶξιν Ro 12:4b. ἔγκλημα Ac 23:29. κόλασιν ApcPt Bodl. (ApcEsdr 1:22 p. 25, 17 Tdf.).ε. of a sense of inevitability in respect to some action.—W. inf. foll. one must (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 1, 3 καθαιρεθῆναι ἔχεις=you must be deposed; Porphyr., Against the Christians 63 Harnack [ABA 1916] παθεῖν; Gen 18:31; Jos., Ant. 19, 348 τοῦ τεθνάναι; TestSol 5:12 σίδηρα ἔχεις φορέσαι; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 22 [Stone p. 48] τοῦ βίου τοῦτου ἀπαλλάξαι εἶχες; Just., D. 51, 2 ἔργῳ πεισθήναι ὑμῶν ἐχόντων) βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι I must undergo a baptism Lk 12:50. ἔχω σοί τι εἰπεῖν I have someth. to say to you (Lucian, Philops. 1 ἔχεις μοι εἰπεῖν. Without dat. Aelian, VH 2, 23; Jos., Ant. 16, 312) 7:40. καινόν σοι θέαμα ἔχω ἐξηγήσασθαι I have a wonderful new thing to tell you=‘I must tell you about something wonderful that I’ve just seen’ GJs 19:3. ἀπαγγεῖλαι Ac 23:17, 19; cp. vs. 18. πολλὰ γράφειν 2J 12; 3J 13.ⓑ of temporal circumstances w. indications of time and age: πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις you are not yet fifty years old J 8:57 (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 198). τριάκοντα κ. ὀκτὼ ἔτη ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ αὐτοῦ who had been sick for 38 years 5:5 (Cyranides p. 63, 25 πολὺν χρόνον ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀρρωστίᾳ. W. cardinal numeral TestJob 26:1 δέκα ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἔχω ἐν ταῖς πληγαῖς; POxy 1862, 17 τέσσαρες μῆνας ἔχει. Mirac. S. Georgii 44, 7 [JAufhauser 1913] ἔσχεν … ἔτη ἑπτά); cp. Mt 9:20 v.l. τέσσαρας ἡμέρας ἔ. ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ have lain in the grave for four days J 11:17 (Jos., Ant. 7, 1 αὐτοῦ δύο ἡμέρας ἔχοντος ἐν τῇ Σεκέλλᾳ). πολὺν χρόνον ἔ. be (somewhere or in a certain condition) for a long time 5:6. ἡλικίαν ἔχειν be of age (Pla., Euthyd. 32, 306d; Plut., Mor. 547a; BGU 168 τοῖς ἀτελέσι ἔχουσι τὴν ἡλικίαν) 9:21, 23. τέλος ἔχειν have an end, be at an end (Lucian, Charon 17; UPZ 81 III, 20 [II A.D.] τέλος ἔχει πάντα; Ar. 4:2 ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος) Mk 3:26; Lk 22:37 (on the latter pass. s. τέλος 2); cp. Hb 7:3.⑧ as connective marker, to have or include in itself, bring about, cause w. acc. (Hom. et al.; Wsd 8:16) of ὑπομονή: ἔργον τέλειον Js 1:4. Of πίστις: ἔργα 2:17. Of φόβος: κόλασιν 1J 4:18. Of παρρησία: μεγάλην μισθαποδοσίαν Hb 10:35. Of πολυτέλεια: λύπην, χαράν Hs 1, 10. ἐσχάτην εὐλογίαν, ἥτις διαδοχὴν οὐκ ἔχει ultimate blessing, which has no successor GJs 6:2.⑨ special combinationsⓐ w. prep. ἐν: τὸν θεὸν ἔ. ἐν ἐπιγνώσει acknowledge God Ro 1:28 (cp. ἐν ὀργῇ ἔ. τινά=‘be angry at someone’, Thu. 2, 18, 5; 2, 21, 3; ἐν ὀρρωδίᾳ ἔ. τ. 2, 89, 1; ἐν ἡδονῇ ἔ. τ.=‘be glad to see someone’ 3, 9, 1; ἐν εὐνοίᾳ ἔ. Demosth. 18, 167). ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (ἕτοιμος b). ἐν ἐμοὶ οὐκ ἔχει οὐδέν he has no hold on me J 14:30 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 32 §125 ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι=have someth. [hope of safety] in someone). κατά τινος: on 1 Cor 11:4 s. above 4. ἔ. τι κατά τινος have someth. against someone Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:14. ἔ. κατά τινος w. sim. mng. Hm 2:2; Hs 9, 23, 2; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:4, 20. ἔ. τινὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον meet someone face to face Ac 25:16. μετά: ἔ. τι μετά τινος have someth. w. someone κρίματα lawsuits 1 Cor 6:7. περί: ἔ. περί τινος have (a word, a reference, an explanation) about someth. B 12:1; with adv. τελείως 10:10. πρός τινα have someth. against someone (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21 ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον) Ac 24:19. ζητήματα ἔ. πρός τινα have differences w. someone (on points in question) 25:19. λόγον ἔ. πρός τινα 19:38. πρᾶγμα (=Lat. causa, ‘lawsuit’: BGU 19 I, 5; 361 II, 4) ἔ. πρός τινα (POxy 743, 19 [2 B.C.] εἰ πρὸς ἄλλους εἶχον πρᾶγμα; BGU 22:8) 1 Cor 6:1. ἵνα ἔχωσιν κατηγορίαν αὐτοῦ J 8:4 D (cp. 5 above). πρός τινα ἔ. μομφήν have a complaint against someone Col 3:13.ⓑ τοῦτο ἔχεις ὅτι you have this (in your favor), that Rv 2:6. ἔ. ὁδόν be situated (a certain distance) away (cp. Peripl. Eryth. 37: Ὡραία ἔχουσα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἑπτὰ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης) of the Mt. of Olives ὅ ἐστιν ἐγγὺς Ἰερουσαλὴμ σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν Ac 1:12.—ἴδε ἔχεις τὸ σόν here you have what is yours Mt 25:25. ἔχετε κουστωδίαν there you have a guard (=you can have a guard) 27:65 (cp. POxy 33 III, 4).⑩ to be in some state or condition, act. intr. (spatially: Ath. 25, 1 οἱ ἄγγελοι … περὶ τόν ἀέρα ἔχοντες καὶ τὴν γῆν) w. adv. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).ⓐ impers. it is, the situation is (Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 10 πῶς ὑμῖν ἔχειν ταῦτα δοκεῖ; =how does this situation seem to you? Just., D. 3, 5 τὸ … ὡσαύτως ἀεὶ ἔχων) ἄλλως 1 Ti 5:25. οὕτως (Antig. Car. 20; Cebes 4, 1; POxy 294, 11 [22 A.D.] εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; TestSol 20:8; Jos., Ant. 15, 261; Just., D. 3:5 οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει) Ac 7:1; 12:15; 17:11; 24:9. τὸ καλῶς ἔχον what is right 1 Cl 14:2 (Michel 543, 12 [c. 200 B.C.] καλῶς ἔχον ἐστὶ τιμᾶσθαι τοὺς εὔνους ἄνδρας). τὸ νῦν ἔχον for the present Ac 24:25 (cp. Plut., Mor. 749a; Lucian, Anachars. 40, Catapl. 13 τὸ δὲ νῦν ἔχον μὴ διάτριβε; Tob 7:11).ⓑ pers. be (in a certain way) πῶς ἔχουσιν how they are Ac 15:36 (cp. Gen 43:27; Jos., Ant. 4, 112). ἑτοίμως ἔ. be ready, hold oneself in readiness w. inf. foll. (BGU 80, 17 [II A.D.] ἡ Σωτηρία ἑτοίμως ἔχουσα καταγράψαι; Da 3:15 LXX; Jos., Ant. 13, 6; Just., D. 50, 1) 21:13; 2 Cor 12:14; 1 Pt 4:5. Also ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (s. ἕτοιμος b end). εὖ ἔ. be well-disposed πρός τινα toward someone Hs 9, 10, 7 (cp. Demosth. 9, 63 ἥδιον ἔχειν πρός τινα; SIG 1094, 4 φιλανθρώπως ἔχει πρὸς πάντας). κακῶς ἔ. be sick (Aristoph. et al.; POxy 935, 15; Ezk 34:4) Mt 4:24; 8:16; 9:12b; 17:15 v.l. (see πάσχω 2). καλῶς ἔ. be well, healthy (Epict. 1, 11, 4; PGen 54, 8; PFlor 230, 24) Mk 16:18; ἐσχάτως ἔ. (s. ἐσχάτως) 5:23; κομψότερον ἔ. feel better (κομψῶς ἔ.: Epict. 2, 18, 14; 3, 10, 13; PParis 18; PTebt 414, 10 ἐὰν κομψῶς σχῶ) J 4:52.⑪ to be closely associated, in a variety of renderings, hold fast, be next to, be next, mid. (Hom. et al.) in NT only ptc.ⓐ of proper situation or placement, esp. of inner belonging hold fast, cling to. The ‘to’ of belonging and the ‘with’ of association are expressed by the gen. (Theognis 1, 32 ἀεὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο=ever hold fast to the good people; X., Oec. 6, 1; Pla., Leg. 7, 811d; Lucian, Hermot. 69 ἐλπίδος οὐ μικρᾶς ἐχόμενα λέγεις; Sallust. 14 p. 26, 24 τ. θεῶν; Philo, Agr. 101 τὰ ἀρετῆς ἐχόμενα; Jos., Ant. 10, 204 οὐδὲν ἀνθρωπίνης σοφίας ἐχόμενον, C. Ap. 1, 83 παλαιᾶς ἱστορίας ἐχόμενον; Just., A I, 68, 1 λόγου καὶ ἀληθείας ἔχεσθαι; Tat. 33, 1 μανίας ἔχεται πολλῆς; Ath., R. 48, 3 λόγῳ … ἀληθείας ἐχομένῳ) τὰ ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας things that belong to salvation Hb 6:9.ⓑ of proximityα. spatial, to be next to someth: ἐχόμενος neighboring (Isocr. 4, 96 νῆσος; Hdt. 1, 134 al. οἱ ἐχόμενοι=‘the neighbors’; Diod S 5, 15, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 71 §294; Arrian, Peripl. 7, 2; PParis 51, 5 and oft. in pap; 1 Esdr 4:42; Jos., Ant. 6, 6 πρὸς τὰς ἐχομένας πόλεις; 11, 340) κωμοπόλεις Mk 1:38.β. temporal, to be next, immediately following (Thu. 6, 3, 2 τ. ἐχομένου ἔτους al.; SIG 800, 15; PRev 34, 20; PAmh 49, 4; PTebt 124, 43; LXX) τῇ ἐχομένῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ, as Polyb. 3, 112, 1; 5, 13, 9; 2 Macc 12:39; Jos., Ant. 6, 235; 7, 18 al.; cp. εἰς τὴν ἐχομένην [i.e. ἡμέραν] PMich 173, 16 [III B.C.]) on the next day Lk 13:33 (v.l. ἐρχομένῃ); Ac 20:15; w. ἡμέρᾳ added (PAmh 50, 17) 21:26. τῷ ἐχομένῳ σαββάτῳ 13:44 v.l. (for ἐρχομένῳ; cp. 1 Macc 4:28, where the witnesses are similarly divided).—On the whole word HHanse, ‘Gott Haben’ in d. Antike u. im frühen Christentum ’39.—B. 641; 740. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
56 ὁ
ὁ, ἡ, τό pl. οἱ, αἱ, τά article, derived fr. a demonstrative pronoun, ‘the’. Since the treatment of the inclusion and omission of the art. belongs to the field of grammar, the lexicon can limit itself to exhibiting the main features of its usage. It is difficult to set hard and fast rules for the employment of the art., since the writer’s style had special freedom of play here—Kühner-G. I p. 589ff; B-D-F §249–76; Mlt. 80–84; Rob. 754–96; W-S. §17ff; Rdm.2 112–18; Abel §28–32; HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 642ff; FVölker, Syntax d. griech. Papyri I, Der Artikel, Progr. d. Realgymn. Münster 1903; FEakin, AJP 37, 1916, 333ff; CMiller, ibid. 341ff; EColwell, JBL 52, ’33, 12–21 (for a critique s. Mlt-H.-Turner III 183f); ASvensson, D. Gebr. des bestimmten Art. in d. nachklass. Epik ’37; RFink, The Syntax of the Greek Article ’53; JRoberts, Exegetical Helps, The Greek Noun with and without the Article: Restoration Qtly 14, ’71, 28–44; HTeeple, The Greek Article with Personal Names in the Synoptic Gospels: NTS 19, ’73, 302–17; Mussies 186–97.① this one, that one, the art. funct. as demonstrative pronounⓐ in accordance w. epic usage (Hes., Works 450: ἡ=this [voice]) in the quot. fr. Arat., Phaenom. 5 τοῦ γὰρ καὶ γένος ἐσμέν for we are also his (lit. this One’s) offspring Ac 17:28.ⓑ ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ the one … the other (Polyaenus 6, 2, 1 ὁ μὲν … ὁ δὲ … ὁ δε; PSI 512, 21 [253 B.C.]); pl. οἱ μὲν … οἱ δέ (PSI 341, 9 [256 B.C.]; TestJob 29:1) some … others w. ref. to a noun preceding: ἐσχίσθη τὸ πλῆθος … οἱ μὲν ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, οἱ δὲ σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις Ac 14:4; 17:32; 28:24; 1 Cor 7:7; Gal 4:23; Phil 1:16f. Also without such a relationship expressed τοὺς μὲν ἀποστόλους, τοὺς δὲ προφήτας, τοὺς δὲ εὐαγγελιστάς Eph 4:11. οἱ μὲν … ὁ δέ Hb 7:5f, 20f. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι (δέ) J 7:12. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι δὲ … ἕτεροι δέ Mt 16:14. τινὲς … οἱ δέ Ac 17:18 (cp. Pla., Leg. 1, 627a; 2, 658 B.; Aelian, VH 2, 34; Palaeph. 6, 5).—Mt 26:67; 28:17 οἱ δέ introduces a second class; just before this, instead of the first class, the whole group is mentioned (cp. X., Hell. 1, 2, 14, Cyr. 3, 2, 12; KMcKay, JSNT 24, ’85, 71f)= but some (as Arrian, Anab. 5, 2, 7; 5, 14, 4; Lucian, Tim. 4 p. 107; Hesych. Miles. [VI A.D.]: 390 Fgm. 1, 35 end Jac.).ⓒ To indicate the progress of the narrative, ὁ δέ, οἱ δέ but he, but they (lit. this one, they) is also used without ὁ μέν preceding (likew. Il. 1, 43; Pla., X.; also Clearchus, Fgm. 76b τὸν δὲ εἰπεῖν=but this man said; pap examples in Mayser II/1, 1926, 57f) e.g. Mt 2:9, 14; 4:4; 9:31; Mk 14:31 (cp. Just., A II, 2, 3). ὁ μὲν οὖν Ac 23:18; 28:5. οἱ μὲν οὖν 1:6; 5:41; 15:3, 30.—JO’Rourke, Paul’s Use of the Art. as a Pronoun, CBQ 34, ’72, 59–65.② the, funct. to define or limit an entity, event, or stateⓐ w. nounsα. w. appellatives, or common nouns, where, as in Pla., Thu., Demosth. et al., the art. has double significance, specific or individualizing, and generic.א. In its individualizing use it focuses attention on a single thing or single concept, as already known or otherwise more definitely limited: things and pers. that are unique in kind: ὁ ἥλιος, ἡ σελήνη, ὁ οὐρανός, ἡ γῆ, ἡ θάλασσα, ὁ κόσμος, ἡ κτίσις, ὁ θεός (BWeiss [s. on θεός, beg.]), ὁ διάβολος, ὁ λόγος (J 1:1, 14), τὸ φῶς, ἡ σκοτία, ἡ ζωή, ὁ θάνατος etc. (but somet. the art. is omitted, esp. when nouns are used w. preps.; B-D-F §253, 1–4; Rob. 791f; Mlt-Turner 171). ἐν συναγωγῇ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ J 18:20.—Virtues, vices, etc. (contrary to Engl. usage): ἡ ἀγάπη, ἡ ἀλήθεια, ἡ ἁμαρτία, ἡ δικαιοσύνη, ἡ σοφία et al.—The individualizing art. stands before a common noun that was previously mentioned (without the art.): τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους Lk 9:16 (after πέντε ἄρτοι vs. 13). τὸ βιβλίον 4:17b (after βιβλίον, vs. 17a), τοὺς μάγους Mt 2:7 (after μάγοι, vs. 1). J 4:43 (40); 12:6 (5); 20:1 (19:41); Ac 9:17 (11); Js 2:3 (2); Rv 15:6 (1).—The individ. art. also stands before a common noun which, in a given situation, is given special attention as the only or obvious one of its kind (Hipponax [VI B.C.] 13, 2 West=D.3 16 ὁ παῖς the [attending] slave; Diod S 18, 29, 2 ὁ ἀδελφός=his brother; Artem. 4, 71 p. 245, 19 ἡ γυνή=your wife; ApcEsdr 6:12 p. 31, 17 μετὰ Μωσῆ … ἐν τῷ ὄρει [Sinai]; Demetr. (?): 722 fgm 7 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 19, 4] ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος [Moriah]) τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ to the attendant (who took care of the synagogue) Lk 4:20. εἰς τὸν νιπτῆρα into the basin (that was there for the purpose) J 13:5. ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπο here is this (wretched) man 19:5. ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης or ἐλευθέρας by the (well-known) slave woman or the free woman (Hagar and Sarah) Gal 4:22f. τὸν σῖτον Ac 27:38. ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9 (s. ἐπιστολή) τὸ ὄρος the mountain (nearby) Mt 5:1; 8:1; 14:23; Mk 3:13; 6:46; Lk 6:12; 9:28 al.; ἡ πεισμονή this (kind of) persuasion Gal 5:8. ἡ μαρτυρία the (required) witness or testimony J 5:36.—The art. takes on the idea of κατʼ ἐξοχήν ‘par excellence’ (Porphyr., Abst. 24, 7 ὁ Αἰγύπτιος) ὁ ἐρχόμενος the one who is (was) to come or the coming one par excellence=The Messiah Mt 11:3; Lk 7:19. ὁ προφήτης J 1:21, 25; 7:40. ὁ διδάσκαλος τ. Ἰσραήλ 3:10 (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 5, 18 of Socrates: ὁ τῆς Ἑλλάδος διδάσκαλος); cp. MPol 12:2. With things (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Μάρπησσα: οἱ λίθοι=the famous stones [of the Parian Marble]) ἡ κρίσις the (last) judgment Mt 12:41. ἡ ἡμέρα the day of decision 1 Cor 3:13; (cp. Mi 4:6 Mt); Hb 10:25. ἡ σωτηρία (our) salvation at the consummation of the age Ro 13:11.ב. In its generic use it singles out an individual who is typical of a class, rather than the class itself: ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος Mt 12:35. κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον 15:11. ὥσπερ ὁ ἐθνικός 18:17. ὁ ἐργάτης Lk 10:7. ἐγίνωσκεν τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ J 2:25. τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου 2 Cor 12:12. ὁ κληρονόμος Gal 4:1. So also in parables and allegories: ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης Mt 24:43. Cp. J 10:11b, 12. The generic art. in Gk. is often rendered in Engl. by the indef. art. or omitted entirely.β. The use of the art. w. personal names is varied; as a general rule the presence of the art. w. a personal name indicates that the pers. is known; without the art. focus is on the name as such (s. Dssm., BPhW 22, 1902, 1467f; BWeiss, D. Gebr. des Art. b. d. Eigennamen [im NT]: StKr 86, 1913, 349–89). Nevertheless, there is an unmistakable drift in the direction of Mod. Gk. usage, in which every proper name has the art. (B-D-F §260; Rob. 759–61; Mlt-Turner 165f). The ms. tradition varies considerably. In the gospels the art. is usu. found w. Ἰησοῦς; yet it is commonly absent when Ἰ. is accompanied by an appositive that has the art. Ἰ. ὁ Γαλιλαῖος Mt 26:69; Ἰ. ὁ Ναζωραῖος vs. 71; Ἰ. ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός 27:17, 22. Sim. Μαριὰμ ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Ἰ. Ac 1:14. The art. somet. stands before oblique cases of indecl. proper names, apparently to indicate their case (B-D-F §260, 2; Rob. 760). But here, too, there is no hard and fast rule.—HTeeple, NTS 19, ’73, 302–17 (synopt.).γ. The art. is customarily found w. the names of countries (B-D-F §261, 4; W-S. § 18, 5 d; Rob. 759f); less freq. w. names of cities (B-D-F §261, 1; 2; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 170–72). W. Ἰερουσαλήμ, Ἱεροσόλυμα it is usu. absent (s. Ἱεροσόλυμα); it is only when this name has modifiers that it must have the art. ἡ νῦν Ἰ. Gal 4:25; ἡ ἄνω Ἰ. vs. 26; ἡ καινὴ Ἰ. Rv 3:12. But even in this case it lacks the art. when the modifier follows: Hb 12:22.—Names of rivers have the art. ὁ Ἰορδάνης, ὁ Εὐφράτης, ὁ Τίβερις Hv 1, 1, 2 (B-D-F §261, 8; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 172). Likew. names of seas ὁ Ἀδρίας Ac 27:27.δ. The art. comes before nouns that are accompanied by the gen. of a pronoun (μοῦ, σοῦ, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτοῦ, ἑαυτοῦ, αὐτῶν) Mt 1:21, 25; 5:45; 6:10–12; 12:49; Mk 9:17; Lk 6:27; 10:7; 16:6; Ro 4:19; 6:6 and very oft. (only rarely is it absent: Mt 19:28; Lk 1:72; 2:32; 2 Cor 8:23; Js 5:20 al.).ε. When accompanied by the possessive pronouns ἐμός, σός, ἡμέτερος, ὑμέτερος the noun always has the art., and the pron. stands mostly betw. art. and noun: Mt 18:20; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; Ac 26:5; Ro 3:7 and oft. But only rarely so in John: J 4:42; 5:47; 7:16. He prefers to repeat the article w. the possessive following the noun ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμή J 5:30; cp. 7:6; 17:17; 1J 1:3 al.ζ. Adjectives (or participles), when they modify nouns that have the art., also come either betw. the art. and noun: ἡ ἀγαθὴ μερίς Lk 10:42; τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα 12:10; Ac 1:8; ἡ δικαία κρίσις J 7:24 and oft., or after the noun w. the art. repeated τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Mk 3:29; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15. ἡ ζωὴ ἡ αἰώνιος 1J 1:2; 2:25. τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν Ac 12:10. Only rarely does an adj. without the art. stand before a noun that has an art. (s. B-D-F §270, 1; Rob. 777; Mlt-Turner 185f): ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ 1 Cor 11:5. εἶπεν μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ Ac 14:10 v.l.; cp. 26:24. κοιναῖς ταῖς χερσίν Mk 7:5 D.—Double modifier τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; 9:13. ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη ἡ καθημένη 17:1.—Mk 5:36 τὸν λόγον λαλούμενον is prob. a wrong rdg. (B has τὸν λαλ., D τοῦτον τὸν λ. without λαλούμενον).—On the art. w. ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς s. the words in question.η. As in the case of the poss. pron. (ε) and adj. (ζ), so it is w. other expressions that can modify a noun: ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις Ro 9:11. ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη 11:27. ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 Cor 1:18. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἡ εἰς ζωήν Ro 7:10. ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 1 Th 1:8. ἡ διακονία ἡ εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους 2 Cor 8:4.θ. The art. precedes the noun when a demonstrative pron. (ὅδε, οὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging with it comes before or after; e.g.: οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος Lk 14:30; J 9:24. οὗτος ὁ λαός Mk 7:6. οὗτος ὁ υἱός μου Lk 15:24. οὗτος ὁ τελώνης 18:11 and oft. ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος Mk 14:71; Lk 2:25; 23:4, 14, 47. ὁ λαὸς οὗτος Mt 15:8. ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος Lk 15:30 and oft.—ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμέρα Mt 7:22; 22:46. ἐκ. ἡ ὥρα 10:19; 18:1; 26:55. ἐκ. ὁ καιρός 11:25; 12:1; 14:1. ἐκ. ὁ πλάνος 27:63 and oft. ἡ οἰκία ἐκείνη Mt 7:25, 27. ἡ ὥρα ἐκ. 8:13; 9:22; ἡ γῆ ἐκ. 9:26, 31; ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκ. 13:1. ὁ ἀγρὸς ἐκ. vs. 44 and oft.—ὁ αὐτός s. αὐτός 3b.ι. An art. before a nom. noun makes it a vocative (as early as Hom.; s. KBrugman4-AThumb, Griech. Gramm. 1913, 431; Schwyzer II 63f; B-D-F §147; Rob. 769. On the LXX Johannessohn, Kasus 14f.—ParJer 1:1 Ἰερεμία ὁ ἐκλεκτός μου; 7:2 χαῖρε Βαρούχι ὁ οἰκονόμος τῆς πίστεως) ναί, ὁ πατήρ Mt 11:26. τὸ κοράσιον, ἔγειρε Mk 5:41. Cp. Mt 7:23; 27:29 v.l.; Lk 8:54; 11:39; 18:11, 13 (Goodsp, Probs. 85–87); J 19:3 and oft.ⓑ Adjectives become substantives by the addition of the art.α. ὁ πονηρός Eph 6:16. οἱ σοφοί 1 Cor 1:27. οἱ ἅγιοι, οἱ πλούσιοι, οἱ πολλοί al. Likew. the neut. τὸ κρυπτόν Mt 6:4. τὸ ἅγιον 7:6. τὸ μέσον Mk 3:3. τὸ θνητόν 2 Cor 5:4. τὰ ἀδύνατα Lk 18:27. τὸ ἔλαττον Hb 7:7. Also w. gen. foll. τὰ ἀγαθά σου Lk 16:25. τὸ μωρόν, τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 1:25; cp. vs. 27f. τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 1:19. τὰ ἀόρατα τοῦ θεοῦ vs. 20. τὸ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου 8:3. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς αἰσχύνης 2 Cor 4:2.β. Adj. attributes whose noun is customarily omitted come to have substantive force and therefore receive the art. (B-D-F §241; Rob. 652–54) ἡ περίχωρος Mt 3:5; ἡ ξηρά 23:15 (i.e. γῆ). ἡ ἀριστερά, ἡ δεξιά (sc. χείρ) 6:3. ἡ ἐπιοῦσα (sc. ἡμέρα) Ac 16:11. ἡ ἔρημος (sc. χώρα) Mt 11:7.γ. The neut. of the adj. w. the art. can take on the mng. of an abstract noun (Thu. 1, 36, 1 τὸ δεδιός=fear; Herodian 1, 6, 9; 1, 11, 5 τὸ σεμνὸν τῆς παρθένου; M. Ant. 1, 1; Just., D. 27, 2 διὰ τὸ σκληροκάρδιον ὑμῶν καὶ ἀχάριστον εἰς αὐτόν) τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ God’s kindness Ro 2:4. τὸ δυνατόν power 9:22. τὸ σύμφορον benefit 1 Cor 7:35. τὸ γνήσιον genuineness 2 Cor 8:8. τὸ ἐπιεικές Phil 4:5 al.δ. The art. w. numerals indicates, as in Il. 5, 271f; X. et al. (HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 662ff), that a part of a number already known is being mentioned (Diod S 18, 10, 2 τρεῖς μὲν φυλὰς … τὰς δὲ ἑπτά=‘but the seven others’; Plut., Cleom. 804 [8, 4] οἱ τέσσαρες=‘the other four’; Polyaenus 6, 5 οἱ τρεῖς=‘the remaining three’; Diog. L. 1, 82 Βίας προκεκριμένος τῶν ἑπτά=Bias was preferred before the others of the seven [wise men]. B-D-F §265): οἱ ἐννέα the other nine Lk 17:17. Cp. 15:4; Mt 18:12f. οἱ δέκα the other ten (disciples) 20:24; Mk 10:41; lepers Lk 17:17. οἱ πέντε … ὁ εἷς … ὁ ἄλλος five of them … one … the last one Rv 17:10.ⓒ The ptc. w. the art. receivesα. the mng. of a subst. ὁ πειράζων the tempter Mt 4:3; 1 Th 3:5. ὁ βαπτίζων Mk 6:14. ὁ σπείρων Mt 13:3; Lk 8:5. ὁ ὀλεθρεύων Hb 11:28. τὸ ὀφειλόμενον Mt 18:30, 34. τὸ αὐλούμενον 1 Cor 14:7. τὸ λαλούμενον vs. 9 (Just., D. 32, 3 τὸ ζητούμενον). τὰ γινόμενα Lk 9:7. τὰ ἐρχόμενα J 16:13. τὰ ἐξουθενημένα 1 Cor 1:28. τὰ ὑπάρχοντα (s. ὑπάρχω 1). In Engl. usage many of these neuters are transl. by a relative clause, as in β below. B-D-F §413; Rob. 1108f.β. the mng. of a relative clause (Ar. 4, 2 al. οἱ νομίζοντες) ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς whoever receives you Mt 10:40. τῷ τύπτοντί σε Lk 6:29. ὁ ἐμὲ μισῶν J 15:23. οὐδὲ γὰρ ὄνομά ἐστιν ἕτερον τὸ δεδομένον (ὸ̔ δέδοται) Ac 4:12. τινές εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς Gal 1:7. Cp. Lk 7:32; 18:9; J 12:12; Col 2:8; 1 Pt 1:7; 2J 7; Jd 4 al. So esp. after πᾶς: πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος everyone who becomes angry Mt 5:22. πᾶς ὁ κρίνων Ro 2:1 al. After μακάριος Mt 5:4, 6, 10. After οὐαὶ ὑμῖν Lk 6:25.ⓓ The inf. w. neut. art. (B-D-F §398ff; Rob. 1062–68) is used in a number of ways.α. It stands for a noun (B-D-F §399; Rob. 1062–66) τὸ (ἀνίπτοις χερσὶν) φαγεῖν Mt 15:20. τὸ (ἐκ νεκρῶν) ἀναστῆναι Mk 9:10. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν 12:33; cp. Ro 13:8. τὸ ποιῆσαι, τὸ ἐπιτελέσαι 2 Cor 8:11. τὸ καθίσαι Mt 20:23. τὸ θέλειν Ro 7:18; 2 Cor 8:10.—Freq. used w. preps. ἀντὶ τοῦ, διὰ τό, διὰ τοῦ, ἐκ τοῦ, ἐν τῷ, ἕνεκεν τοῦ, ἕως τοῦ, μετὰ τό, πρὸ τοῦ, πρὸς τό etc.; s. the preps. in question (B-D-F §402–4; Rob. 1068–75).β. The gen. of the inf. w. the art., without a prep., is esp. frequent (B-D-F §400; Mlt. 216–18; Rob. 1066–68; DEvans, ClQ 15, 1921, 26ff). The use of this inf. is esp. common in Lk and Paul, less freq. in Mt and Mk, quite rare in other writers. The gen. standsא. dependent on words that govern the gen.: ἄξιον 1 Cor 16:4 (s. ἄξιος 1c). ἐξαπορηθῆναι τοῦ ζῆν 2 Cor 1:8. ἔλαχε τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι Lk 1:9 (cp. 1 Km 14:47 v.l. Σαοὺλ ἔλαχεν τοῦ βασιλεύειν).ב. dependent on a noun (B-D-F §400, 1; Rob. 1066f) ὁ χρόνος τοῦ τεκεῖν Lk 1:57. ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 2:6. ἐξουσία τοῦ πατεῖν 10:19. εὐκαιρία τοῦ παραδοῦναι 22:6. ἐλπὶς τοῦ σῴζεσθαι Ac 27:20; τοῦ μετέχειν 1 Cor 9:10. ἐπιποθία τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:23. χρείαν ἔχειν τοῦ διδάσκειν Hb 5:12. καιρὸς τοῦ ἄρξασθαι 1 Pt 4:17. τ. ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι the power that enables him Phil 3:21. ἡ προθυμία τοῦ θέλειν zeal in desiring 2 Cor 8:11.ג. Somet. the connection w. the noun is very loose, and the transition to the consecutive sense (=result) is unmistakable (B-D-F §400, 2; Rob. 1066f): ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν Lk 2:21. ὀφειλέται … τοῦ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆν Ro 8:12. εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι 1:24. ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν 11:8. τὴν ἔκβασιν τοῦ δύνασθαι ὑπενεγκεῖν 1 Cor 10:13.ד. Verbs of hindering, ceasing take the inf. w. τοῦ μή (s. Schwyzer II 372 for earlier Gk; PGen 16, 23 [207 A.D.] κωλύοντες τοῦ μὴ σπείρειν; LXX; ParJer 2:5 φύλαξαι τοῦ μὴ σχίσαι τὰ ἱμάτιά σου): καταπαύειν Ac 14:18. κατέχειν Lk 4:42. κρατεῖσθαι 24:16. κωλύειν Ac 10:47. παύειν 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:14). ὑποστέλλεσθαι Ac 20:20, 27. Without μή: ἐγκόπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:22.ה. The gen. of the inf. comes after verbs of deciding, exhorting, commanding, etc. (1 Ch 19:19; ParJer 7:37 διδάσκων αὐτοὺ τοῦ ἀπέχεσθαι) ἐγένετο γνώμης Ac 20:3. ἐντέλλεσθαι Lk 4:10 (Ps 90:11). ἐπιστέλλειν Ac 15:20. κατανεύειν Lk 5:7. κρίνειν Ac 27:1. παρακαλεῖν 21:12. προσεύχεσθαι Js 5:17. τὸ πρόσωπον στηρίζειν Lk 9:51. συντίθεσθαι Ac 23:20.ו. The inf. w. τοῦ and τοῦ μή plainly has final (=purpose) sense (ParJer 5:2 ἐκάθισεν … τοῦ ἀναπαῆναι ὀλίγον; Soph., Lex. I 45f; B-D-F §400, 5 w. exx. fr. non-bibl. lit. and pap; Rob. 1067): ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων τοῦ σπείρειν a sower went out to sow Mt 13:3. ζητεῖν τοῦ ἀπολέσαι = ἵνα ἀπολέσῃ 2:13. τοῦ δοῦναι γνῶσιν Lk 1:77. τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας vs. 79. τοῦ σινιάσαι 22:31. τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν Ro 6:6. τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτά Gal 3:10. τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτόν Phil 3:10. Cp. Mt 3:13; 11:1; 24:45; Lk 2:24, 27; 8:5; 24:29; Ac 3:2; 20:30; 26:18; Hb 10:7 (Ps 39:9); 11:5; GJs 2:3f; 24:1.—The apparently solecistic τοῦ πολεμῆσαι Ro 12:7 bears a Semitic tinge, cp. Hos 9:13 et al. (Mussies 96).—The combination can also expressז. consecutive mng. (result): οὐδὲ μετεμελήθητε τοῦ πιστεῦσαι αὐτῷ you did not change your minds and believe him Mt 21:32. τοῦ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν μοιχαλίδα Ro 7:3. τοῦ ποιεῖν τὰ βρέφη ἔκθετα Ac 7:19. Cp. 3:12; 10:25.ⓔ The art. is used w. prepositional expressions (Artem. 4, 33 p. 224, 7 ὁ ἐν Περγάμῳ; 4, 36 ὁ ἐν Μαγνησίᾳ; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010 recto, 8–12] οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις … οἱ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι καὶ μετεώροις; Tat. 31, 2 οἱ μὲν περὶ Κράτητα … οἱ δὲ περὶ Ἐρατοσθένη) τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἐν Κεγχρεαῖς Ro 16:1. ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ταῖς ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ Rv 1:4. τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν (w. place name) ἐκκλησίας 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14 (on these pass. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 42–45). τοῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ to those in the house Mt 5:15. πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς 6:9. οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας Hb 13:24. οἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Ro 8:1. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22. οἱ ἐξ εὐωνύμων Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον … τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; cp. 9:13. On 1:4 s. ref in B-D-F §136, 1 to restoration by Nestle. οἱ παρʼ αὐτοῦ Mk 3:21. οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ Mt 12:3. οἱ περὶ αὐτόν Mk 4:10; Lk 22:49 al.—Neut. τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου pieces of wreckage fr. the ship Ac 27:44 (difft. FZorell, BZ 9, 1911, 159f). τὰ περί τινος Lk 24:19, 27; Ac 24:10; Phil 1:27 (Tat. 32, 2 τὰ περὶ θεοῦ). τὰ περί τινα 2:23. τὰ κατʼ ἐμέ my circumstances Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον what (was to be done) according to the law Lk 2:39. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν Ro 12:18. τὰ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 15:17; Hb 2:17; 5:1 (X., Resp. Lac. 13, 11 ἱερεῖ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεούς, στρατηγῷ δὲ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους). τὰ παρʼ αὐτῶν Lk 10:7. τὸ ἐν ἐμοί the (child) in me GJs 12:2 al.ⓕ w. an adv. or adverbial expr. (1 Macc 8:3) τὸ ἔμπροσθεν Lk 19:4. τὸ ἔξωθεν Mt 23:25. τὸ πέραν Mt 8:18, 28. τὰ ἄνω J 8:23; Col 3:1f. τὰ κάτω J 8:23. τὰ ὀπίσω Mk 13:16. τὰ ὧδε matters here Col 4:9. ὁ πλησίον the neighbor Mt 5:43. οἱ καθεξῆς Ac 3:24. τὸ κατὰ σάρκα Ro 9:5. τὸ ἐκ μέρους 1 Cor 13:10.—Esp. w. indications of time τό, τὰ νῦν s. νῦν 2b. τὸ πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2. τὸ λοιπόν 1 Cor 7:29; Phil 3:1. τὸ πρῶτον J 10:40; 12:16; 19:39. τὸ πρότερον 6:62; Gal 4:13. τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν daily Lk 11:3.—τὸ πλεῖστον at the most 1 Cor 14:27.ⓖ The art. w. the gen. foll. denotes a relation of kinship, ownership, or dependence: Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου Mt 10:2 (Thu. 4, 104 Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου [sc. υἱός]; Plut., Timol. 3, 2; Appian, Syr. 26 §123 Σέλευκος ὁ Ἀντιόχου; Jos., Bell. 5, 5; 11). Μαρία ἡ Ἰακώβου Lk 24:10. ἡ τοῦ Οὐρίου the wife of Uriah Mt 1:6. οἱ Χλόης Chloë’s people 1 Cor 1:11. οἱ Ἀριστοβούλου, οἱ Ναρκίσσου Ro 16:10f. οἱ αὐτοῦ Ac 16:33. οἱ τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Cor 15:23; Gal 5:24. Καισάρεια ἡ Φιλίππου Caesarea Philippi i.e. the city of Philip Mk 8:27.—τό, τά τινος someone’s things, affairs, circumstances (Thu. 4, 83 τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου; Parthenius 1, 6; Appian, Syr. 16 §67 τὰ Ῥωμαίων) τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, τῶν ἀνθρώπων Mt 16:23; 22:21; Mk 8:33; cp. 1 Cor 2:11. τὰ τῆς σαρκός, τοῦ πνεύματος Ro 8:5; cp. 14:19; 1 Cor 7:33f; 13:11. τὰ ὑμῶν 2 Cor 12:14. τὰ τῆς ἀσθενείας μου 11:30. τὰ τοῦ νόμου what the law requires Ro 2:14. τὸ τῆς συκῆς what has been done to the fig tree Mt 21:21; cp. 8:33. τὰ ἑαυτῆς its own advantage 1 Cor 13:5; cp. Phil 2:4, 21. τὸ τῆς παροιμίας what the proverb says 2 Pt 2:22 (Pla., Theaet. 183e τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου; Menand., Dyscolus 633 τὸ τοῦ λόγου). ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house (so Field, Notes 50–56; Goodsp. Probs. 81–83; difft., ‘interests’, PTemple, CBQ 1, ’39, 342–52.—In contrast to the other synoptists, Luke does not elsewhere show Jesus ‘at home’.) Lk 2:49 (Lysias 12, 12 εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ; Theocr. 2, 76 τὰ Λύκωνος; pap in Mayser II [1926] p. 8; POxy 523, 3 [II A.D.] an invitation to a dinner ἐν τοῖς Κλαυδίου Σαραπίωνος; PTebt 316 II, 23 [99 A.D.] ἐν τοῖς Ποτάμωνος; Esth 7:9; Job 18:19; Jos., Ant. 16, 302. Of the temple of a god Jos., C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός). Mt 20:15 is classified here by WHatch, ATR 26, ’44, 250–53; s. also ἐμός b.ⓗ The neut. of the art. standsα. before whole sentences or clauses (Epict. 4, 1, 45 τὸ Καίσαρος μὴ εἶναι φίλον; Prov. Aesopi 100 P. τὸ Οὐκ οἶδα; Jos., Ant. 10, 205; Just., D. 33, 2 τὸ γὰρ … [Ps 109:4]) τὸ Οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις κτλ. (quot. fr. the Decalogue) Mt 19:18; Ro 13:9. τὸ Καὶ μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη (quot. fr. Is 53:12) Lk 22:37. Cp. Gal 5:14. τὸ Εἰ δύνῃ as far as your words ‘If you can’ are concerned Mk 9:23. Likew. before indirect questions (Vett. Val. 291, 14 τὸ πῶς τέτακται; Ael. Aristid. 45, 15 K. τὸ ὅστις ἐστίν; ParJer 6:15 τὸ πῶς ἀποστείλης; GrBar 8:6 τὸ πῶς ἐταπεινώθη; Jos., Ant. 20, 28 ἐπὶ πείρᾳ τοῦ τί φρονοῖεν; Pel.-Leg. p. 20, 32 τὸ τί γένηται; Mel., Fgm. 8, 2 [Goodsp. p. 311] τὸ δὲ πῶς λούονται) τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό Lk 1:62. τὸ τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν 9:46. τὸ πῶς δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν 1 Th 4:1. Cp. Lk 19:48; 22:2, 4, 23f; Ac 4:21; 22:30; Ro 8:26; Hs 8, 1, 4.β. before single words which are taken fr. what precedes and hence are quoted, as it were (Epict. 1, 29, 16 τὸ Σωκράτης; 3, 23, 24; Hierocles 13 p. 448 ἐν τῷ μηδείς) τὸ ‘ἀνέβη’ Eph 4:9. τὸ ‘ἔτι ἅπαξ’ Hb 12:27. τὸ ‘Ἁγάρ’ Gal 4:25.ⓘ Other notable uses of the art. areα. the elliptic use, which leaves a part of a sentence accompanied by the art. to be completed fr. the context: ὁ τὰ δύο the man with the two (talents), i.e. ὁ τὰ δύο τάλαντα λαβών Mt 25:17; cp. vs. 22. τῷ τὸν φόρον Ro 13:7. ὁ τὸ πολύ, ὀλίγον the man who had much, little 2 Cor 8:15 after Ex 16:18 (cp. Lucian, Bis Accus. 9 ὁ τὴν σύριγγα [sc. ἔχων]; Arrian, Anab. 7, 8, 3 τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ [sc. ὁδόν]).β. Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9; s. καί 2h.γ. the fem. art. is found in a quite singular usage ἡ οὐαί (ἡ θλῖψις or ἡ πληγή) Rv 9:12; 11:14. Sim. ὁ Ἀμήν 3:14 (here the masc. art. is evidently chosen because of the alternate name for Jesus).ⓙ One art. can refer to several nouns connected by καία. when various words, sing. or pl., are brought close together by a common art.: τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς Mt 2:4; cp. 16:21; Mk 15:1. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις κ. ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44. τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ καὶ Σαμαρείᾳ Ac 1:8; cp. 8:1; Lk 5:17 al.—Even nouns of different gender can be united in this way (Aristoph., Eccl. 750; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 12 p. 37a οἱ δύο θεοί, of Apollo and Artemis; Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. c. 292; PTebt 14, 10 [114 B.C.]; En 18:14; EpArist 109) κατὰ τὰ ἐντάλματα καὶ διδασκαλίας Col 2:22. Cp. Lk 1:6. εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς καὶ φραγμούς 14:23.β. when one and the same person has more than one attribute applied to him: πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν J 20:17. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Ro 15:6; 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; 1 Pt 1:3. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ (ἡμῶν) Eph 5:20; Phil 4:20; 1 Th 1:3; 3:11, 13. Of Christ: τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος 2 Pt 1:11; cp. 2:20; 3:18. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Tit 2:13 (PGrenf II, 15 I, 6 [139 B.C.] of the deified King Ptolemy τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ εὐεργέτου καὶ σωτῆρος [ἐπιφανοῦς] εὐχαρίστου).γ. On the other hand, the art. is repeated when two different persons are named: ὁ φυτεύων καὶ ὁ ποτίζων 1 Cor 3:8. ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὁ ἡγεμών Ac 26:30.ⓚ In a fixed expression, when a noun in the gen. is dependent on another noun, the art. customarily appears twice or not at all: τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 3:16; πνεῦμα θεοῦ Ro 8:9. ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cor 2:17; λόγος θεοῦ 1 Th 2:13. ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου 2 Th 2:2; ἡμ. κ. 1 Th 5:2. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου Mt 8:20; υἱ. ἀ. Hb 2:6. ἡ ἀνάστασις τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 22:31; ἀ. ν. Ac 23:6. ἡ κοιλία τῆς μητρός J 3:4; κ. μ. Mt 19:12.—APerry, JBL 68, ’49, 329–34; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 93–95.—DELG. M-M. -
57 παρά
παρά, ep. πάρ und παραί, Adverb., bei, daneben, ἔνϑα καϑεῦδ' ἀναβάς· παρὰ δὲ χρυσόϑρονος Ἥρη, Il. 1, 611; Od. 3, 400; u. so noch Eur. I. A. 201. – Gew. Praeposit., bei, neben, die unmittelbare Nähe, u. zwar c. dat. die Ruhe bei, c. gen. die Bewegung von der Seite her, c. acc. die Bewegung an die Seite hin bezeichnend. Also
I. c. genitivo, von Seiten, den Gegenstand bezeichnend, aus dessen unmittelbarer Nähe etwas herkommt, zunächst – 1) örtlich, bei Verbis der Bewegung, gew. – a) nur von Personen gebraucht (vgl. ἀπό), von Seiten Jemandes gehen, kommen; σῆμα φέρειν παρά τινος, Il. 6, 177; ἐλϑεῖν παρὰ Διός, von Zeus kommen, παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα, Od. 12, 70; φέρων ἥκω λόγους ἡδεῖς φίλου παρ' ἀνδρός, Soph. El. 657; in Prosa sehr gewöhnlich; auch παρ' ἄλλων χρὴ τόδ' ἔρχεσϑαι γέρας, Aesch. Ag. 891; bes. von Gesandten, Botschaften, ἥκει παρὰ βασιλῆος ἀγγελίη, Her. 8, 140, 1; παρά τινος ἐλϑεῖν, Xen. Cyr. 2, 4, 1; dah. παρὰ σοῦ ἐξαγγέλλειν, von deiner Seite melden, Cyr. 7, 5, 54, wie ἀπαγγέλλειν An. 2, 1, 20. Auch mit einer geläufigen Umstellung, ἕως ἂν οἱ παρὰ βασιλέως πρέσβεις ἔλϑωσιν, Hell. 1, 3, 9, bis die Gesandten vom Könige kämen; u. ohne Verbum, οἱ πρέσβεις οἱ παρὰ βασιλέως, Ar. Ach. 61; οἱ παρὰ τοῦ Νικίου, Thuc. 7, 10, die von Seiten des Nikias Abgesandten; οὔτε πρεσβευτὴς οὐδεὶς εἶπε τῶν παρ' ἐκείνου, Dem. 19, 68; ὁ παρ' ἐμοῦ, Xen. Cyr. 3, 2, 30; auch ὅςτις ἀφικνοῖτο τῶν παρὰ βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν, An. 1, 1, 5, wer von denen, die beim König waren, von diesem zu ihm kam; οἱ παρ' αὐτοῠ, seine Verwandten, Ev. Marc. 3, 21. – b) selten von Sachen: παρὰ νηῶν, Il. 12, 114, in den Schol. ausdrücklich als Abweichung bemerkt; φάσγανον ἐρύσσατο παρὰ μηροῦ, er zog das Schwert von der Seite, an der es hing, Il. 1, 190, öfter; πλευρὰ τά οἱ κόψαντι παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφάανϑη, neben dem Schilde her zeigte sich die Seite, ward sichtbar, 4, 468; vgl. Aesch. Spt. 629; π. ποδός, Pind. P. 10, 67. – 2) übh. das Ausgehen von einer Person bezeichnend, Alles, was von ihr herrührt; – a) nehmen und empfangen von Einem; ἔχεις παρ' ἡμῶν οἴάπερ νομίζεται, Aesch. Ag. 1016; δέχεσϑαι δώρημα παρά τινος, Soph. Ai. 647; παρ' οὗπερ ἔλαβον τάδε τὰ τόξα, Phil. 1216; ὅτῳ τρόπῳ δίκας ἀροίμην τῶν φονευσάντων πάρα, El. 34; οὔτε τάφου ἀντιάσας, οὔτε γόων παρ' ἡμῶν, El. 858; u. so bei δέχεσϑαι, λαμβάνειν u. ä. überall in Prosa, z. B. παρὰ Μήδων τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐλάμβανον Πέρσαι, Xen. An. 3, 4, 8; ἃ ὑπάρχειν δεῖ παρ' ὑμῶν, was von eurer Seite geleistet werden, da sein muß, Dem. 4, 33; οὔκουν παρ' Ἁϑηναίων γε μεταϑρέξει ταχύ, es holen von den Athenern, Ar. Pax 261; dah. auch παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιών, welches der Arzt gegeben hat, Plat. Rep. III, 406 d; – παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς, aus eigenen Mitteln, Her. 8, 5, vgl. 2, 129. 7, 29; vgl. δαπανήσας τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῆς πάντα, Ev. Marc. 5, 26; dah. auch παρ' ἑαυτοῦ, von selbst, auf eigenen Antrieb. – b) hören, lernen, erfahren von Einem; ἀκούειν παρ' ἀγγέλων, Soph. O. R. 6, vgl. 95; μαϑὼν ἄλλου πάρα, O. R. 704, öfter; τάδ' εἴσεται ἄλλου παρ' ἀνδρός, Ant. 230, wie Aesch. Ch. 169; Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 6 u. sonst; ταῦτ' ἴσϑι ϑεῶν πάρα, Empedocl. 92; εἰ προςδοκᾷς ἐμοῦ τι πευσεῖσϑαι πάρα, Aesch. Prom. 988, wie Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 23; παρ' Αἰγυπτίων μεμαϑήκασι, Her. 2, 104, der auch πυνϑάνεσϑαι παρὰ πυρσῶν vrbdt, 7, 182; παρά γε ἐμαυτοῦ οὐδὲν ἐννενόηκα, Plat. Phaedr. 235 c; αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν πολλὰ καὶ καλὰ εὑρόντες, Theaet. 150 d. – c) seltener beim passiv., bes. in ähnlichen Vrbdgn, wie die angeführten Verba, so daß die Grundbedeutung von Seiten nicht verloren geht, und die Structur sich von ὑπό (s. dieses) wesentlich unterscheidet; σοῦ διδαχϑήτω πάρα, so viel wie μαϑέτω, Aesch. Prom. 637; τίς αὖ παρ' ὑμῶν κοινὸς ἠχεῖται κτύπος; was für ein Lärm geht aus von euch? Soph. O. C. 1496; παιδός, ὅςτις γένοιτ' ἐμοῦ τε κἀκείνου πάρα, O. R. 714; μνήμη καὶ κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται παρὰ τῶν ἀκουσάντων, wird ihnen von Seiten der Hörer zu Theil, Plat. Menex. 236 e; οἶμαι γάρ με παρὰ σοῦ σοφίας πληρωϑήσεσϑαι, Conv. 175 c, auch an Lernen erinnernd; ὀφείλεται παρὰ τοῦ ἐχϑροῦ τῷ ἐχϑρῷ κακόν τι, Rep. I, 332 b, er muß es ihm geben; παρὰ τῶν ϑεῶν σημαίνεσϑαι, die Zeichen gehen von den Göttern aus, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 2; aber auch παρὰ πάντων ὁμολογεῖται, An. 1, 9, 1, wie τὰ παρὰ σοῦ λεγόμενα, Cyr. 6, 1, 42, vgl. Mem. 1, 6, 14, wie wir auch sagen können: das deinerseits Gesagte; παρὰ τῆς τύχης δωρηϑέντα, Isocr. 4, 26, u. häufiger Sp.; κατηγορεῖται παρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, Act. Ap. 22, 30. – d) oft bei Substantivis, ohne Verbum, das leicht zu ergänzen ist und wenigstens hinzugedacht werden muß, wenn man sich den Unterschied dieser Structur von der des bloßen Genitivs deutlich machen will; Vrbdgn, wie τῶν παρ' ἐκείνου λαμβάνειν, Xen. Cyr. 8, 2, 25, von dem von Einem Herrührenden Etwas nehmen, für das einfache παρ' ἐκείνου τι λαμβάνειν, zeigen den Uebergang; vgl. δωροῖο τὰ παρὰ σεαυτῆς, Mem. 3, 11, 13; λόγος παρὰ Ἀϑηναίων, Her. 8, 55, wie ἄνευ τῶν παρ' ἡμῶν λόγων Plat. Soph. 256 d; ὁ παρ' ἐμοῠ λόγος, Dem. Lpt. 75; τῆς παρὰ τῶν ἀνϑρώπων δόξης, Plat. Phaedr. 232 a, öfter; τῇ παρ' αὐτῆς ϑερμότητι, Tim. 85 e; τὸ παρὰ Κυαξάρους στράτευμα ist eigtl. das von Kyaxares abgeschickte Heer, Xen. Cyr. 2, 4, 21, u. ἡ παρ' ἐκείνου τιμωρία die von seiner Seite verhängte Strafe, An. 2, 6, 14; ἡ παρ' ἐκείνων εὔνοια, Dem. 1, 10, das von ihrer Seite bewiesene Wohlwollen, was freilich mit ἡ ἐκείνων εὔνοια zusammenfällt; so αἱ παρὰ τῶν ϑεῶν ἐπικουρίαι, Lycurg. 129, welcher Redner diese Vrbdg besonders liebt, vgl. Mätzner zu §. 15; u. so noch Sp., τὴν παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν δόξαν Plut. Agis 2; – τὰ παρὰ Κύρου, die Aufträge von Seiten des Kyrus, Xen. Cyr. 3, 2, 30. – In allen diesen Vrbdgn ist aber die Beziehung auf leblose Dinge äußerst selten. – 3) die Ruhe, neb en, bei, bezeichnet es selten, wie Soph. παρὰ κυανέων πελαγέων, Ant. 955, vgl. 1110; φροντίδα τὰν πὰρ ποδός, Pind. P. 10, 62; vgl. Schaef. zu D. Hal. de C. V. p. 119; Sp., wie D. Sic., sagen πολλῶν ἀνϑρώπων παρ' ἀμφοτέρων διαφϑαρέντων, 16, 7, u. öfter in ähnlichen Vrbdgn, auf beiden Seiten, wo immer noch die Grundbdtg der Entfernung von beiden Seiten weg zu erkennen ist.
II. c. dativo, den Gegenstand bezeichnend, in dessen Nähe, bei dem sich Etwas befindet, also zunächst – 1) vom Orte; gewöhnlich – a) bei Verbis der Ruhe; von Menschen; ἤειδε παρὰ μνηστῆρσιν ἀνάγκῃ, er sang bei den Freiern, Od. 1, 154; παῖδες κοιμῶντο Πριάμοιο παρὰ μνηστῇς ἀλόχοισιν, Il. 6, 246, u. öfter bei Hom.; παρ' εὐδείπνοις ἔσῃ ἄτιμος, Aesch. Ch. 477; μέγα δύναται παρ' ἀϑανάτοις, Eum. 911; πάρεστι μὲν Τεῠκρος παρ' ἡμῖν, Soph. Phil. 1046, wie Plat. παρὰ σοὶ μάλα πλησίον πάρεστιν, Phaedr. 243 e; παρ' ἐχϑροῖς ἄξιος ϑρήνων τυχεῖν., Soph. Ai. 924, bei den Feinden erlangen, wie τυχόντα με τῶν δικαίων παρ' ὑμῖν, wenn ich bei euch, ihr Richter, mein Recht erlangt habe, Dem. 28, 21, nicht παρ' ὑμῶν, denn das Recht geht nicht von den Richtern aus; τιμῆς τυγχάνειν παρά τινι, Xen. An. 1, 9, 29; vgl. κοὐ δυνήσομαι κακὸν κρύψαι παρ' ὑμῖν, Soph. Phil. 733; auch κεῖται παρ' Ἅιδῃ Πόλυβος, O. R. 972; παρὰ τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται, Plat. Gorg. 510 e; παρὰ σοὶ κατέλυον, Dem. 18, 82, sie kehrten bei dir ein; – von leblosen Dingen; βωμῷ, παρ' ᾧ ϑύων ἔκυρον, Soph. O. C. 1160; τηλαυγεϊ παρ' ὄχϑῳ ἧστο, Trach. 521; βοᾷ παρ' ὄχϑαις ποτα-μίαις, Aesch. Spt. 374; u. in Prosa, ὁρμίζεσϑαι παρὰ Χεῤῥονήσῳ, Xen. An. 5, 10, 2, u. oft bei einem Orte lagern, sich aufstellen u. dgl. – In Vrbdgn, wie παρ' οἴνῳ καλεῖ, Soph. O. R. 773, wie Ap. Rh. 1, 458, παρὰ δαιτὶ καὶ οἴνῳ, beim Wein, ist auch vorzugsweise an den Ort zu denken (vgl. III.). – Pind. P. 2, 87 sagt auch παρὰ τυραννίδι, während, in der Tyrannis, womit man παρὰ τοῖς ἐμφυλίοις πολέμοις ϑνήσκειν vgl., Plut. Oth. 14. – b) selten bei Verbis der Bewegung, und immer mit Rücksicht auf die Ruhe, die das Ergebniß der Bewegung ist, ἵδρυσεν παρὰ δαιτί, Od. 3, 37; bei Xen. An. 2, 5, 27 hat auch Krüger Schneider's Conj. ἰέναι παρὰ Τισσαφέρνην für die vulg. Τισσαφέρνει aufgenommen, weil daselbst nur von der Bewegung die Rede ist; aber φοιτᾶν παρά τινι, Plut. Them. 5; vgl. Luc. D. Mer. 10. – 2) Wie παρ' ὑμῖν, Deni. 27, 1, »vor euch Richtern« heißt. so sagt Her. παρ' ἔμοιγε κριτῇ, vor mir, als Richter, vor meinem Richterstuhle, 3, 160, u. so heißt παρ' ἐμοί nach meinem Urtheil, τὸ ὄνομα δίκαιός ἐστι φέρειν, 1, 33, was ursprünglich örtlich zu fassen ist, wie dies deutlich ist in τοὺς παρὰ σφίσι αὐτοῖσι δοκέοντας ὀλβίους, 1, 86, die bei ihnen glücklich scheinen, worin liegt »nach ihrem Urtheil«; vgl. Soph. παρ' ἡμῖν οὐ βεβουλεῠσϑαι κακῶς, Trach. 586, nach unserm Urtheil. Aehnlich παρά τινι νομίζεται, Ar. Vesp. 1085; παρά τινι ὑπείληπται, Lycurg. 3, wo Maetzner viele Beispiele aus den Rednern beibringt; ἀξιοῦσϑαι παρά τινι, Is. 7, 5, wo ebenfalls, wie unter 1) bemerkt ist, nicht die von einem Andern ausgehende Würdigung ausgedrückt wird, sondern die bei oder vor Einem stattfindende, die er also gestattet, die nach seinem Urtheile von Andern geleistet wird. – Sp. gehen auch hier weiter, wie Pol. 2, 36, 2, πόλεμος προςαγορευϑεὶς παρὰ τοῖς πλείστοις Ἀννιβιακός, wie auch wir sagen »er heißt bei den meisten der zweite hannibalische Krieg«; Soph. vrbdt παρ' ὅτῳ Διὸς σκῆπτρον ἀνάσσεται, Phil. 139, womit man O. R. 382 ὅσον παρ' ὑμῖν ὁ φϑόνος φυλάσσεται vergleichen kann. – 3) παρ' ἑαυτῷ, bei sich, daheim, wird nicht bloß dem πρόσωϑεν entggstzt, Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 69, wie οἱ παρ' ἑαυτῷ, Cyr. 4, 5, 9, die unmittelbare Nähe bezeichnet; παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι, bei sich zu Hause, in ihrer Heimath, Her. 1, 105. 6, 86, 1; dah. übh. das Einem Zugehörige, τὸν παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτον φιλεῖ, Soph. O. R. 611; εἰ δ' οὖν ἐστι καὶ παρ' ἐμοί τις ἐμπειρία, wenn sie bei mir ist, wenn ich einige Erfahrung habe, Dem. 18, 277; – sondern es bedeutet auch – a) unterworfen sein, οἱ παρὰ βασιλεῖ ὄντες, Xen. An. 1, 5, 16. 4, 3, 29. – b) Her. 3, 74 setzt entgegen ἕξειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ καὶ μηδενὶ ἐξοίσειν τὴν ἀπάτην, bei sich behalten; ähnl. παρὰ σεαυτῷ κρίνας τι, Plat. Theaet. 170 d; ἃ διαιροῦμαι παρ' ἐμαυτῷ ἀγωγὰ εἶναι, Rep. VII, 523 a, wie γιγνώσκειν παρ' ἑαυτῷ, Dem. 10, 17, bei sich bestimmen; φύλακες τοῠ παρ' αὐτοῖς δόγματος, was sie bei sich beschlossen daben, Plat. Rep. III, 413 c. – c) παρ' ἑαυτῷ γενέσϑαι, zu sich gekommen, wieder zur Besinnung gekommen sein, sich erholt haben, Plut. Alex. 31 Brut. 15.
III. c. accusat.; – 1) örtlich; gew. bei Verbis der Bewegung; – a) nach der Seite hin zu Einem, das Ziel der Bewegung angebend, welches in der Nähe eines Gegenstandes, bes. einer Person ist; ἐλϑὲ παρὰ ξανϑὸν Μενέλαον, Od. 1, 285; ἴτην παρὰ νῆας, zu den Schiffen, Il. 1, 347; oft bei Her., ἀπικέσϑαι παρὰ Κροῖσον, ἤγαγον παρὰ Κῦρον, 1, 36. 86. 3, 15 u. öfter; ἔρχει παρὰ τὸν Πρωταγόραν, Plat. Prot. 311 e; ἠνέχϑη παρ' αὐτὸν τὰ παιδία, Phaed. 116 b;. δεῦρο παρ' ἐμὲ κατάκεισο, Conv. 175 c; παρ' ἐμὲ εἴςοδος, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 14; παρά τινα ἥκειν πάλιν, zu Einem zurückkehren, 4, 5, 25, öfter; auch Sp., παρὰ τοῦτο γέγονε, bis dahin ist's gekommen. – b) neben hin, längs; βῆ δ' ἀκέων παρὰ ϑῖνα ϑαλάσσης, längs des Meeresufers ging er hin, Il. 1, 34, u. oft, παρὰ ποταμόν u. ä.; Μηλίδα πὰρ λίμναν, Soph. Trach. 633; ἀκτὰν παρὰ βώμιον ἱκτῆρες ἐπιστενάχουσιν, O. R. 184; παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο πόρον, Aesch. Prom. 529; τούτου παρ' ὄχϑας ἕρπε, 812; παρὰ τὸν Ἀσωπόν, Her. 9, 15; παρὰ τὴν ϑάλατταν περιπατεῖν, Plat. Gorg. 511 e; πορεύεσϑαι, Xen. An. 5, 10, 18, wie auch τὴν ἀγορὰν τῶν πωλουμένων παρὰ τὴν ϑάλασσαν μεταστῆσαι Thuc. 7, 39 zu fassen ist; παρὰ πᾶσαν φιλίαν (sc. γῆν) ἄχρι τοῦ Πειραιῶς κομισϑήσεται, Dem. 18, 301. – c) dah. auch daneben vorbei, παρὰ τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παρίεναι, Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 29, wie παρὰ πόλιν ἄγειν, 1, 6, 43; vgl. παρὰ τὸν νεὼν ποταμὸς παραῤῥεῖ, An. 5, 3, 8, wie schon Il. 22, 145 zu erklären ist, οἱ δὲ παρὰ σκοπιὴν ἐσσεύοντο, wie Od. 3, 172 von einem Seewege παρ' ἠνεμόεντα Μίμαντα u. 4, 802 εἰς ϑάλαμον δ' εἰςῆλϑε παρὰ κληῖδος ἱμάντα. – d) aber auch bei Verbis der Ruhe, wenn zugleich die vorangegangene Bewegung od. eine Ausdehnung über einen Raum hin neben od. längs eines in die Länge sich ausstreckenden Gegenstandes bezeichnet wird, οἱ μὲν κοιμήσαντο παρὰ πρυμνήσια νηός, Od. 12, 32, vgl. 14, 524, eigtl. sie legten sich neben – hin schlafen; παρὰ Σκαμάνδρου πόρον τέϑαψαι, Aesch. Ch. 361; ὁ παρὰ τὸν Ἀχέροντα ϑεὸς ἀνάσσων, Soph. El. 177; Ἀσία, ἣ παρ' ἁλμ υρὰν ἅλα κεῖται, Eur. Bacch. 17; παρὰ τὰς ναῦς ἀριστοποιεῖσϑαι, neben den Schiffen hin, Thuc. 7, 39; κῶμαι παρὰ τὸν ποταμὸν ἦσαν, Xen. An. 3, 5, 1, sie lagen längs des Flusses, wie ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο παρὰ τὸν ποταμόν, 4, 3, 6; εἴςοδος μακρὰ παρ' ἅπαν τὸ σπήλαιον, Plat. Rep. VII, 514 a. – e) auch übh. den Begriff der unbestimmten Nähe ausdrückend, neben, bei, ϑεοῦ παρ' εὐτειχέα δόμον, Pind. N. 7, 46; ὀρϑὴν παρ' οἶμον, Eur. Alc. 835; ἐγγύτατα παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν ὁδόν, Ar. Ran. 162; παρὰ τὴν χύτραν ἐγγύς, Av. 390; παρ' ἡμᾶς οἰκεῖ, Alexis bei B. A. 111; κατελείφϑη παρὰ τὸν νηόν, Her. 4, 87; παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν κρήνη ἦν, Xen. An. 1, 2, 13; οἱ παρ' ἔπαλξιν, Thuc. 2, 13; vgl. Ar. Ach. 72, womit man vergleichen kann ὅσον ἀργύριον παρὰ τοὺς κλινοποιοὺς κλέπτουσιν, Dem. 27, 29; καϑήμενοι παρ' αὐτόν, Isae. 8, 16. – Pol. 11, 14, 3 vrbdt geradezu παρ' αὐτὸν μεῖναι; u. Her. sagt τὴν νῦν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν, 8, 140; daher παρ' ἡμᾶς ἐστι, es steht bei uns; – πὰρ πόδα, Soph. Phil. 827, vor den Füßen, sogleich, wie Pol. 1, 7, 5, u. öfter παρὰ πόδας, wie Luc. Alex. 33. – 2) von der Zeit, ausgegangen von solchen ursprünglich örtlich zu fassenden Vrbdgn, wie ἀείσω παρά τε Βρόμιον παρά τε χέλυος μολπάν, Eur. Herc. Fur. 684; παρὰ τὴν πόσιν, Her. 2, 124, 4; παρὰ πότον, Xen. An. 2, 3, 15, eigtl. neben dem Trinken hin, d. i. während des Trinkens, beim Trinken; vgl. Pind. ϑαρσαλέα δὲ παρὰ κρητῆρα φωνὰ γίγνεται, N. 9, 49; oft in Prosa, von einer Zeitdauer, einer Handlung od. Begebenheit, die neben einer andern stattfindet, παρὰ τὴν ζόην πεπόνϑαμεν, Her. 7, 46, vgl. 1, 32; παρὰ πάντα μοι τὸν χρόνον προςῄει, während der ganzen Zeit, Plat. Phaed. 116 d; παρὰ πάντα τὸν βίον, Rep. III, 412 d; παρὰ τὴν ἐκείνου ἀρχήν, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 2; παρὰ τὸν πόλεμον βασιλευομένους, im Ggstz von οἴκοι ὀλιγαρχουμένους, von den Lacedämoniern gesagt, Isocr. 3, 24; Sp., παρὰ τὴν συνουσίαν, Pol. 10, 35, 2; auch παρ' ὅλην τὴν πραγματείαν, 32, 8, 11, durch die ganze Geschichte (vgl. παραυτά). So auch παρ' ἕκαστον καὶ ἔργον καὶ λόγον διδάσκειν, gleich bei jeder That, Plat. Prot. 325 d; ταῖς ἐκ τῶν νόμων τιμωρίαις παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα χρῆσϑαι, gleich bei dem Verbrechen, im Augenblicke, da das Unrecht verübt wird, Dem. 18, 13, vgl. Lpt. 139; ἁπάντων δ' ἀνϑρώπων εἰωϑότων παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα μᾶλλον ἢ χρόνων ἐγγεγενημένων ἀγανακτεῖν, Dem. 37, 2; εὐϑὺς ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ παρὰ τἀδικήματα, 32, 7; παρὰ τοὺς κινδύνους ὑπὸ τῶν ἔργων ἐδιδάχϑησαν, Plut. Them. 8; a. Sp., τὰ παρὰ τὸν βίον τίμια, Luc. Nigr. 30 (vgl. auch 5). – 3) aus der Bdtg des nebenhin, vorbei, entwickelt sich der Begriff des Nichtzusammentreffens (vor dem Ziele vorbeischießen), des nicht Entsprechens, dah. wider, entgegen, παρὰ μοῖραν, neben dem Schicklichen vorbei, wider das Schickliche, gegen den Anstand, Od. 14, 509, im Ggstz von κατά; vgl. ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ παρὰ στάϑμην, Aesch. Ag. 1045; so ὅση δύναμίς γε πάρεστιν· πὰρ δύναμιν δ' οὐκ ἔστι πολεμίζειν, über die Kraft hinaus, Il. 13, 786; so bes. παρ' ἐλπίδα, wider Erwarten, Aesch. Ag. 870; Soph. Phil. 870; παρὰ νοῦν ϑροεῖν, 1180; ἡ γὰρ ἐκτὸς καὶ παρ' ἐλπίδας χαρά, Ant. 388; eben so παρὰ γνώμην, Aesch. Ag. 905; παρὰ νόμον ϑεῶν βρότεα μὲν τίων, Eum. 164; παρὰ ἃ προςεδέχετο, dem zuwider, was er erwartete, Thuc. 4, 19; παρὰ τὰ σοὶ δοκοῦντα, Plat. Prot. 335 b; παρὰ δόξαν, φύσιν, Polit. 295 c Rep. V, 466 d; παρὰ τὰς σπονδάς, Xen. An. 2, 4, 5; παρὰ ἱερὰ καὶ οἰωνούς, Cyr. 1, 6, 44; παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον, ib. 5, 1, 13 u. öfter, wie Folgde; παρὰ τὴν προςδοκίαν, Pol. 3, 68, 9, παρ' ἀξίαν, wider die Gebühr, παρὰ τὰ βέλτιστα, gegen sein Bestes, u. ä. – Daran reihet sich die Bdtg außer, ο ὐκ ἔστι παρὰ ταῦτ' ἄλλα, es giebt neben, außer diesem nichts Anderes, Ar. Nubb. 698 Eccl. 110; vgl. Plat. Phil. 62 e; ἕτερα παρὰ ταῦτα, Phaedr. 235 c Phaed. 24 a (s. auch ἄλλος u. ἕτερος, u. 5); παρὰ πάντα ταῦτα, dieses Alles ausgenommen, s. Wolf Dem. Lpt. p. 329. Aehnlich ist παρ' ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα, Her. 9, 33, außer einem Wettkampfe erlangte er den olympischen Sieg, nur eine Kampfübung fehlte zum Siege; so auch Thuc. 8, 29 παρὰ πέντε ναῦς, ausgenommen fünf Schiffe, wenn man fünf Schiffe abzieht. – Bei den Rednern oft von Stimmen, παρὰ τέτταρας ψή-φους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως, es fehlten nnr vier Stimmen daran, daß er Antheil an der Staatsverwaltung erlangte, Is. 3, 37; Κίμωνα παρὰ τρεῖς μὲν ἀφεῖ. σαν ψήφους τὸ μὴ ϑανάτῳ ζημιῶσαι, Dem. 23, 205, d. i. sie entließen ihn, weil ihm drei Stimmen zur Verurtheilung fehlten, sonst wäre er zum Tode verurtheilt worden; παρ' ὀλίγας ψήφους ἠτιμώσατε, 24, 138, es fehlten nur wenig Stimmen, daß ihr ihn mit der Atimie belegtet; Μάρκος ϑηρίον εἶ παρὰ γράμμα, du bist ein Thier (ἄρκος), bis auf einen Buchstaben, den du nämlich zu viel hast, Ammian. 9 (XI, 231). – 4) Eine ganz entgegengesetzte Bdtg erhält παρά, insofern dies Nebenhergehen auch eine Angemessenheit, Uebereinstimmung, Folge bedeuten kann, παρὰ τοῦτο, hiernach, besonders Sp.; παρὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν περισσοτέροις ἀτυχήμασι τῶν ἀτρεμιζόντων περιπεσών, in Folge seiner Schuld, durch eigene Schuld, weil er nicht, wie die Anderen, stillstand, Antiph. 3 δ 5; ἕκαστος οὐ παρὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν, Thuc. 1, 41, in Folge, wegen seiner Vernachlässigung; ὅπως μὴ τὰ τῆς πόλεως ἄπρακτα γίγνηται παρὰ τὴν ἐκείνου ἀργίαν, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 2; παρὰ τοῦτον γενέσϑαι τὴν σωτηρίαν, Isocr. 6, 52, vgl. 3, 48; παρὰ τί οἴεσϑε τὰς πόλεις εὖ πράττειν; παρὰ τοὺς συμβούλους, Din. 1, 72; παρὰ τὸν λόγον δείξω, in Uebereinstimmung mit der Rechnung, Dem. 27, 34, öfter; οὐδὲ γὰρ οὗτος παρὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ ῥώμην τοσοῦτον ἐπηύξηται, ὅσον παρὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἀμέλειαν, 4, 11; Arist., z. B. de mund. 4, u. Sp., τὴν ἀπραγίαν μὴ παρὰ ἀποδειλίασιν, ἀλλὰ παρὰ εὐλάβειαν γεγονέναι, Pol. 3, 103, 2; παρὰ τοῠτο συνέβη, 3, 16, 6; παρὰ τί σφαλείησαν, wodurch, 1, 32, 4, öfter; οὐδὲν παρὰ τοῦτο, daraus ergiebt sich Nichts; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν σύνϑεσιν, durch die Zusammenstellung, D. Hal. de C. V. 11 (p. 136, wo Schäfer zu vgl.). – Man kann hierher auch rechnen ὀνομάζειν τι παρά τι, nach Etwas benennen, Plat. Crat. 339 a; so oft bei Gramm. (vgl. Bast zu Greg. Cor. 830); diese sagen auch παρά τι, um die Abstammung u. Herleitung eines Wortes vom andern zu bezeichnen, Schäf. Schol. Par. Ap. Rh. 2, 624; so αὐϑέντης σύγκειται παρὰ τὸ εἶναι καὶ παρὰ τὸ αὐτός, B. A. 15, 9; ὡς παρὰ τὸ γραφὴ γραφίς, οὕτω καὶ παρὰ τὸ κάρη καρίς, Ath. III, 106 c; – τοῦτό φησι παρὰ τὸ.Σοφόκλειον, Schol. Ar. Av. 1240, bedeutet eine Nachahmung, vgl. Schäf. Schol. Par. Ap. Rh. 3, 158, Paus. 1, 2, 4, u. gehört also genauer zum Folgdn. – 5) weil Dinge neben einander gestellt werden, um verglichen zu werden, bedeutet παρά τι auch neben Etwas gehalten, im Vergleich womit, ὥςτε τὸν Δαρείου στόλον παρὰ τοῦτον μηδὲν φαίνεσϑαι, im Vergleich mit diesem, Her. 7, 20; γελοῖος ἔσομαι παρ' ἀγαϑὸν ποιητὴν ἰδιώτης αὐτοσχεδιάζων περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν, Plat. Phaedr. 236 d, ich werde im Vergleich mit einem guten Dichter lächerlich erscheinen, wenn ich –, vgl. Legg. VII, 806 b; παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥςπερ ϑεοὶ οἱ ἄνϑρωποι βιοτεύουσιν, Xen. Mem. 1, 4, 14; ὁρῶν τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτῶν ἐγγύϑεν παρὰ τὰ τῶν ἄλλων, sie mit den Andern vergleichend, eigtl. sie neben den Andern betrachtend, Plat. Rep. VIII, 550 a; vgl. Phaedr. 276 e, wie schon Pind. sagt πὰρ σοφὸν ἀντιφερίξαι, P. 9, 50. – So auch κατεφρόνησε τοῠ κινδύνου παρὰ τὸ αἰσχρόν τι ὑπομεῖναι, Plat. Apol. 28 c, er verachtete die Gefahr im Vergleich mit der Schande, neben der Schande, wie das lat. prae. Hierher gehören auch manche Vrbdgn von ἄλλος, ἕτερος παρά τινα, ein Anderer im Vergleich mit Einem (s. diese Wörter u. oben 3). – Daraus erkl. sich die Vrbdgn wie – a) ὡς παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν τὸ πρᾶγμα, Soph. Ant. 35, für Nichts achten; παρ' οὐδὲν ἄλγος, ibd. 462; El. 1319; ταῦϑ' ὅτῳ παρ' οὐδέν ἐστιν, O. R. 983; παρ' οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις, Eur. Or. 569; οὐ παρ' ὀλίγον ἔσεσϑαι, ἀλλὰ παρὰ πολύ, Plat. Apol. 36 a; παρ' ἔλαττον τοῦ δέοντος ἡγεῖσϑαί τι, Rep. VIII, 546 d, Etwas für gering achten, wie παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσϑαι, Xen. An. 6, 4, 11 u. Sp. – b) παρὰ μικρόν, ὀλίγον, βραχύ u. ä., um ein Kleines, um ein Geringes, beinahe, fast, παρὰ πολύ, um Vieles, bei weitem, παρὰ τοσοῠτον, um so Viel, παρ' ὅσον, in sofern als, Luc. Peregr. 1 vit. auct. 19 u. A., welche Ausdrücke alle von dem Begriffe der Vergleichung ausgehen; παρ' ὀλίγον διέφυγον, Thuc. 7, 71; παρὰ τοσοῠτον γιγνώσκω, 6, 37, vgl. 3, 79; παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλϑε Σαμίων ἡ πόλις ἀφελέσϑαι τῆς ϑαλάττης τὸ κράτος Ἀϑηναίους, 8, 76, vgl. Plut. Pericl. 28, es fehlte sehr wenig daran; παρὰ τοσοῦτον μὲν ἡ Μιτυλήνη ἦλϑε κινδύνου, Thuc. 3, 49, eigtl. um so viel oder wenig kam Mitylene bei der Gefahr vorbei, so entging Mit. mit genauer Noth der Gefahr (vgl. auch 3 a. E). – c) wie in οὗτοι παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλους δεδυςτυχηκότες, Plat. Lach. 183 c, sie waren unglücklich im Vergleich mit den Andern, eine Auszeichnung liegt, sie waren vor den Uebrigen unglücklich, παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλους πονεῖν, sich vor den Andern mühen, mehr als die Andern, so steht auch beim compar. ἀμείνονες καὶ παρὰ τὴν ἑαυτῶν φύσιν, besser im Vergleich mit, besser als ihre Natur, Her. 7, 103; ἐκλείψεις πυκνότεραι παρὰ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν, Thuc. 1, 23; χειμὼν μείζων παρὰ τὴν καϑεστηκυῖαν ὥραν, 4, 6; παρὰ πολὺ ἀμείνων, Luc. Prom. 11. – d) häufig vrbdt sich mit dem Begriff der Vergleichung der des Wechsels, πληγὴν παρὰ πληγήν, Schlag um Schlag, Ar. Ran. 643; ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ πηλοῦ δύναταί τις πλάττων ζῷα συγχεῖν καὶ πάλιν πλάττειν καὶ συγχεῖν καὶ τοῦτο ἓν παρ' ἕν, abwechselnd Zug um Zug, ποιεῖν ἀδιαλείπτως, Plut. consol. ad Apollon. p. 329. – Bes. von der Zeit, παρὰ μῆνα τρίτον, immer den dritten Monat, Arist. H. A. 7, 2; παρ' ἐνιαυτόν, abwechselnd, ein Jahr um das andere, D. Sic. 4, 65; Plut. Cleom. 15. – Aber παρ' ἦμαρ ist täglich, Tag um Tag, od. Tag für Tag, Soph. O. C. 1455, wie παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, Plat. Legg. IV, 705 a; Xen. Hell. 1, 4, 15. – Aber παρὰ μίαν ἡμέραν, Pol. 6, 40, 9 u. öfter, reiht sich an 5 b, z. B. παρὰ μίαν ἡμέραν Δημητρίου μὲν παρόντος, Ἀράτου δὲ καϑυστερήσαντος, um einen Tag Unterschied, 7, 13, 6, vgl. παρὰ τρίμηνον ἔχουσι τὸ διαφέρον, 12, 12, 1.
Allen drei Casus kann παρά nachgesetzt werden, erleidet aber dann die Anastrophe, πάρα; Beispiele sind oben schon angeführt; doch wird es ohne Accent geschrieben, wenn das letzte α apostrophirt ist, Il. 4, 97. 18, 400.
In der Zusammensetzung bedeutet es – 1) neben, bei, nebenher, παρίστημι, παράκειμαι, παρέζομαι. – 2) hin, hinzu, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω. – 3) daran vorbei, darüber hinaus, παρέρχομαι, παρατρέχω; – dah. auch ein Uebertreten, Verfehlen, παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, bes. vom Irrigen, Falschen, dem deutschen ver-entsprechend, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω; – aber auch im guten Sinne, Uebertreffen, παραβάλ λω. – 4) wider, entgegen, παρανομέω, παραίσιος. – 5) eine Umänderung, Verwandlung, ein Andersmachen, παραπείϑω, παρατεκταίνω, wie unser um-, umbauen, umstimmen.
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58 οὔ-σε
οὔ-σε, 1) und nicht; ἃς οὐκ ἔστ' ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ φιλήμεναι οὔ τέ τι νῶϊν ὅρκια ἔσσονται, Il. 22, 265, womit man Aesch. Pers. 580 οὐκ ἔτι δασμοφοροῦσιν – οὔτ' ἐς γᾶν προπιτνοῦντες ἄρξονται u. einzelne andere Stellen vgl., s. anch am Ende. – 2) gew. aber οὔτε – οὔτε, zwei oder mehrere gleichstehende Satzglieder verneinend u. verbindend, weder – noch, die dann immer in wechselseitiger Beziehung auf einander stehen, Hom. u. Folgde überall; οὔτε ϑαλάσσης κῦμα τόσον βοάᾳ, οὔτε πυρὸς τόσσος γε πέλει βρόμος, οὔτ' ἄνεμος τόσσον γε ἠπύει, ὅσση ἄρα Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἔπλετο φωνή, Il. 14, 394 ff.; οὔτε ϑεῶν τις, οὔτ' ἀνϑρώπων, 1, 548; an ein einzelnes οὐ sich anschließend, 6, 450 ff.; οὔτε γὰρ ϑεοὶ κοιρανέοισιν χορούς, οὔτε δαῖτας, Pind. Ol. 14, 8, wo οὔτε vor χορούς stehen und der Satz mit οὐ γάρ anfangen sollte; οὔτ' εἶδος, οὔτε ϑυμόν, οὔϑ' ὅπλων σχέσιν μωμητός, Aesch. Spt. 489, vgl. 646 ff.; οὔτε ἀνϑρώποις, οὔτε ϑεοῖς οὔτε ἔστιν, οὔτε ἔσται, Plat. Phaedr. 241 c, u. sonst. – Zu bemerken ist, daß sich zuweilen auf ein vorangehendes οὔτε ein τέ bezieht (wohin nicht zu rechnen Eur. Hipp. 302, οὔτε γὰρ τότε λόγοις ἐτέγγεϑ' ἥδε, νῦν τ' οὐ πείϑεται, wo τ' οὐ für οὔτε steht), wodurch die beiden Satzglieder auch gleichgestellt werden, aber die veränderte Struktur immer einen besonderen Nachdruck auf das positive Glied wirst; οὔτ' ἂν εἰςιδεῖν τάδε ἔχρῃζον, εἰςιδοῦσά τ' ἠλγύνϑην κέαρ, Aesch. Prom. 244, vgl. 260; κοὔτε σύμβουλον δέχει, ἐάν τε νουϑετῇ τις, στυγεῖς, Soph. Phil. 1305; τὸν οὔτε πρὶν νήπιον, νῦν τ' ἐν ὅρκῳ μέγαν αἴδεσαι, der jetzt aber sogar, O. R. 653; El. 342 u. öfter; u. in Prosa, οὔτε γὰρ οἱ βάρβαροι ἄλκιμοί εἰσι, ὑμεῖς τε τὰ εἰς τὸν πόλεμον ἐς τὰ μέγιστα ἀνήκετε, Her. 5, 49, vgl. 7, 8, 1; οὔτε τἄλλα οἶμαι κακὸς εἶναι, φϑονερός τε ἥκιστ' ἂν ἀνϑρώπων, wie cum – tum, Plat. Prot. 361 e, vgl. Crat. 410 a Rep. VIII, 566 e; οὔτε διενοήϑην πώποτε ἀποστερῆσαι, ἀποδώσω τε, Xen. An. 7, 7, 48; u. mit größerer Anakoluthie, ὅτι οὔτε τῶν τέκνων στερήσοιτο, τήν τε οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ ἀντεμπλήσαντες τῶν ἐπιτηδείων ἀπίασιν, 4, 5, 28, vgl. 4, 3, 6; ähnlich folgt geradezu δέ, als würde ein neuer Satz dem vorigen entgegstzt, ἐκεῖ μὲν οὔτε πλοῖά ἐστιν οἷς ἀποπλευσούμεϑα· μένουσι δὲ αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ μιᾶς ἡμέρας ἔστι τὰ ἐπιτήδεια, An. 6, 1, 16, wo οὔτε nur auf das Correspondiren der beiden Satzglieder aufmerksam machen soll, als hieße der Satz οὔτε ἐκεῖ πλοῖα, οὔτε αὐτοῦ ἐπιτήδεια, das Hervorheben des Gegensatzes zwischen ἐκεῖ μέν und μένουσι δ' αὐτοῦ wichtiger schien, und wie Krüger richtig bemerkt, wenn τέ stehen sollte, es τά τε ἐπιτήδεια heißen müßte, vgl. 5, 9, 26; Plat. Rep. III, 388 e, οὔτε ἄρα ἀνϑρώπους ἀξίους λόγου κρατουμένους ὑπὸ γέλωτος ἄν τις ποιῇ ἀποδεκτέον, πολὺ δὲ ἧττον, ἐὰν ϑεούς; Soph. Trach. 1141. – Selten ist οὔτε – καί, Eur. I. T. 578; οὔτε – ἀλλά, D. Hal. iud. Thuc. 29, 5, u. ἀλλὰ καί, Plut. Thes. 26. – Eine andere Abweichung ist, daß οὐδέ nach einem vorangehenden οὔτε eintritt, οὔτ' εἴ τι μῆκος τῶν λόγων ἔϑου πλέον, ϑαυμάσας ἔχω, οὐδ' εἰ πρὸ τοὐμοῦ προὔλαβες τὰ τῶνδ' ἔπη, O. C. 1143, wie Plat. Apol. 19 d; Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 6 (s. οὐδέ), weder – noch auch. – Zuweilen wird auch in kurzen Satzgliedern das erste οὔτε ausgelassen, ἄδικον οὔϑ' ὑπέροπλον ἥβαν δρέπων, Pind. P. 6, 48; Πάρις γὰρ οὔτε συντελὴς πόλις ἐξεύχεται, Aesch. Ag. 518, wo wir es noch auch übersetzen müssen, wenn wir nicht weder hinzusetzen wollen. Anders sind die Fälle zu beurtheilen, wo im ersten Satzgliede οὐ steht und darauf οὔτε folgt, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκ σέϑεν ᾠκτείρεϑ' οὗτος, οὔϑ' ὁ γεννήσας πατήρ, Soph. El. 1404, wo durch das οὔτε nachträglich ein Gleichsetzen mit dem vorigen Satzgliede ausgedrückt wird, s. 1.
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59 ἀμύνω
ἀμύνω (entst. aus ἈΜΥΝἸΩ; vgl. μύνη, μύνομαι), abwehren; Hom. oft, praes. act. u. med., imperf. act. u. med., aor. 1. act. u. med.; Iliad. 1, 456 Δαναοῖσιν λοιγὸν ἄμυνον; 9, 435 ἀμύνειν νηυσὶ πῦρ; 9, 674 νήεσσιν ἀλεξέμεναι δήιον πῦρ v. l. Scholl. ἀμυνέμεναι; ohne accus. 6, 262 ἀμύνων σοῖσιν ἔτῃσιν; 14, 71 ᾔδεα μὲν γὰρ ὅτε πρόφρων Δαναοῖσιν ἄμυνεν; 4, 11 αὐτοῦ κῆρας ἀμύνει; 15, 731 ἔγχεϊ δ' αἰεὶ Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν, ὅς τις φέροι ἀκάματον πῦρ; ohne accus. 13, 109 ἀμυνέμεν νηῶν; 16, 522 ὁ δ' οὐδ' οὗ παιδὸς ἀμύνει, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι ἐλλείπει ἡ περί· ἔστι γὰρ οὐδὲ περὶ τοῠ οὗ παιδὸς ἀμύνει. οἱ δὲ ἀγνοήσαντες γράφουσιν ὁ δ' οὐδ' ᾡ παιδὶ ἀμύνει, Didym. Ἀρίσταρχος οὐδ' οὗ παιδός, vgl. Didym. 18, 171; 17, 182 ἀμυνέμεναι περὶ Πατρόκλοιο; Od. 17, 538 ἀρὴν ἀπὸ οἴκου ἀμῦναι, viell. Tmesis, Iliad. 16, 75 lies't Bekker Δαναῶν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι, nicht ἄπο, Scholl. Herodian. ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι: τὸ ἑξῆς ἐστιν ἀπαμῦναι· διὸ οὐκ ἀναστρεπτέον τὴν πρόϑεσιν, u. 1, 67 dativ. ἡμῖν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι, Scholl. Herodian. τὸ ἑξῆς ἐστιν ἀπαμῦναι· διὸ φυλάττει τὸν ἴδιον τόνον; nur accus. Iliad. 6, 463 ἀμύνειν δούλιον ἦμαρ; nur dat. instrum. 13, 678 γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος ὤτρυν' Ἀργείους, πρὸς δὲ σϑένει αὐτὸς ἄμυνεν; ganz ohne cas. 13, 814 χεῖρες ἀμύνειν εἰσὶ καὶ ἡμῖν, 312 νηυσὶ μὲν ἐν μέσσῃσιν ἀμύνειν εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι. Statt des med. steht homerisch das activ. Iliad. 22, 84 ἄμυνε δὲ δήιον ἄνδρα τείχεος ἐντὸς ἐών, μηδὲ πρόμος ἵστασο τούτῳ, Scholl. Aristonic. ἄμυνε ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀμύνου. Das Medium heißt = von sich abwehren, sich gegen etwas (Jem.) wehren, τινά, τί; es steht homerisch für's activ. Od. 12, 114 τὴν δέ κ' ἀμυναίμην, ὅτε μοι σίνοιτό γ' ἑταίρους, auch 2, 62 οὐ γὰρ ἔπ' ἀνὴρ οἷος Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔσκεν, ἀρὴν ἀπὸ οἴκου ἀμῠναι. ἡμεῖς δ' οὔ νύ τι τοῖοι ἀμυνέμεν· ἦ καὶ ἔπειτα λευγαλέοι τ' ἐσόμεσϑα καὶ οὐ δεδαηκότες ἀλκήν. ἦ τ'ἂν ἀμυναίμην, εἴμοι δύναμίςγε παρείη, wo außerdem die homerische Enallage des Modus zu beachten ist, ἀμυναίμην ἄν für ἠμυνάμην ἄν, εἰ παρῆν, »hätte ich die Kraft, so würde ich abgewehrt haben«. Mediale Bdtg z. B. Iliad. 16, 556 νῠν σφῶιν ἀμύνεσϑαι φίλον ἔστω, 622 ὅς κε σεῦ ἄντα ἔλϑῃ ἀμυνόμενος, Od. 22, 106 εἵως μοι ἀμύνεσϑαι πάρ' ὀιστοί; Iliad. 13, 514 ἐν σταδίῃ μὲν ἀμύνετο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ; 12, 243 ἀμύνεσϑαι περὶ πάτρης, 142 ἀμύνεσϑαι περὶ νηῶν, 227 οὕς κεν Ἀχαιοὶ χαλκῷ δῃώσουσιν, ἀμυνόμενοι περὶ νηῶν; 170 ἀλλὰ μένοντες ἄνδρας ϑηρητῆρας ἀμύνονται περὶ τέκνων, Scholl. Nicanor. τὸ ἄνδρας ϑηρητῆρας ἑκατέρωσε δύναται προσνέμεσϑαι; 179 ἀνάγκῃ νηῶν ἠμύνοντο; 155 ἀμυνόμενοι σφῶν τ' αὐτῶν καὶ κλισιάων νηῶν τ' ὠκυπόρων, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι λείπει ἡ ὑπέρ πρόϑεσις; 9, 531 Αἰτωλοὶ μὲν ἀμυνόμενοι Κα λυδῶνος ἐραννῆς, Scholl. Aristonic. ὅτι λείπει ἡ περί; περὶ Καλυδῶνος; 16, 561 καί τιν' ἑταίρων αὐτοῦ αμυνομένων δαμασαίμεϑα, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι ἀμφίβολον εἰ λείπει ἡ περί, ἵν' ᾖ περὶ αὐτοῦ, ἢ τοπικῶς ἐκληπτέον τὸ αὐτοῦ, ἐν τῷδε τῷ τόπῳ. – Das activ. ἀπὸ μητρὸς λώβην Ap. Rh. 1, 816; ϑυμοῦ βέλη ψυχᾶς des Zornes Geschosse von dem Geiste Soph. O. R. 888; Pind. λιμὸν γαστρί I. 1, 49; nur dat. Her. 8, 87. 9, 6; φίλοις Ar. Eccl. 573, τῇ πόλει Equ. 575, τῷ δήμῳ 787; νόμῳ Eur. Or. 522; τέκνοις, πατρί, El. 679. 976, u. sonst; Plat. Legg. IX, 880 b u. öfter; τῇ χώρᾳ, neben ὑπὲρ τῆς χώρας μάχεσϑαι, Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 5; Ἀργείοις πρὸς τοὺς Καδμείους Plat. Men. 239 b; ὕβριν Pind. N. 1, 50. 9, 37; φροντίδα Aesch. Ag. 102; ϑῆρας Eur. Rhes. 787; πολεμίους Plat. Phaedr. 260 b, χειμῶνα Prot. 321 a, δουλείαν Legg. III, 693 a; absolut, helfen, ἀμύνατε Ar. Vesp. 197; Eur. Heracl. 70; τὰ ἀμύνοντα Schutzwaffen Her. 3, 155. – Das med. wird in Prosa immer häufiger, bei den Sp. das act. fast ganz verdrängt; στρατιήν Her. 3, 158; μόρον Aesch. Ag. 1359; πολεμίους Eur. Andr. 911; ἐρινῦς Iph. T. 299; häufig in attischer Prosa, theils von Feinden, πολεμίους Plat. Legg. VI, 778 e Xen. Cyr. 5, 4, 21, τὸν πρότερον πολεμοῦντα Dem. 8, 7, τοὺς βαρβάρους 14, 10, theils von Beleidigern, wo es denn in die Bdtg »sich an Jemandem rächen, ihn strafen« übergeht, τὸν ἀδικοῦντα Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 23; Pol. 2, 6, 9; τοὺς ὑβρίζοντας Dem. 21, 76; Luc. setzt noch einen gen. hinzu, τινὰ ὧν ἔδρασε Mort. D. 13, 6; übh. vergelten, Schol. ἀμείβεσϑαί τινα τοῖς ὁμοίοις, Thuc. 1, 42, Gleiches mit Gleichem vergelten; ohne cas., Widerstand leisten, sich vertheidigen, Her. 1, 80; ἐν χερσίν im Handgemenge Thuc. 4, 96; χερσίν mit den Händen Plat. Legg. IX, 880 a; πόλις ἔρημος ἀμυνομένων, von Vertheidigern entblößt, Xen. Hell. 7, 5, 10; περὶ οἰκείων Thuc. 2, 39; Rache nehmen ὑπέρ τινος Isocr. 4, 184; Xen. Venat. 9, 9; πρὸ πάντων Pol. 6, 4, 8. – Pass. ἀμυνέσϑω Plat. Legg. 8 p. 845 c.
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60 ἜΧω
ἜΧω (vgl. ὄχος, vehi, u. s. Savelsberg diss. inaug. quaest. lezic. de radicibus graecis, der die Wurzel FΕΧ nachweis't); ἔχεισϑα, Theogn. 1316; conj. ἔχῃσϑα, Il. 19, 180; imperf. εἶχον, ep. ἔχον, alexandrinisch εἴχοσαν, = εἶχον, Posidipp. 6 (V, 209); ἔχεσκον, Hom. u. Her. 6, 12; fut. ἕξω, med. ἕξομαι, Soph. O. R. 891, u. σχήσω, bes. in der Bdtg halten, bei Hom. häufiger als ἕξω, bei den Tragikern seltener als dieses, Aesch. Eum. 662 Pers. 732 Soph. El. 216 Ai. 669 Eur. I. A. 1365; die Form σχήσῃσϑα H. h. Cer. 367, auch σχήσεισϑα geschrieben, entspricht dem conj. aor. δεσπόσσῃς; – tut. med. σχήσομαι, Ar. Av. 1335; aor. ἔσχον (nie ohne Augm.), alexandrinisch auch ἔσχα, Inscr. 1030, inf. σχεῖν, ep. σχέμεν, conj. σχῶ, opt. σχοίην, imperat. σχές, Soph. El. 1013, u. σχέ, orac. bei Schol. Eur. Phoen. 641, l. d. (vgl. παρέχω); med. ἐσχόμην, σχέσϑαι, σχέτο, Il. 7, 248. 21, 345, sonst immer mit dem Augm.; perf. ἔσχηκα (ὄχωκα nur in Zusammensetzungen erhalten, wie συνοχωκότε, s. συνέχω) u. ἔσχημαι, aor. pass. ἐσχέϑην. Vgl. noch Giese Aeol. Dial. S. 245 ff, S. auch ἴσχω, σχέϑω, und die Composita; – 11 halten, haben, u. zwar zunächst – al sassen, tragen, was die Alten durch βαστάζω, φέρω erklären, πεμπώβολα χερσίν Il. 1, 463, σκῆπτρα δὲ κηρύκων ἐν χέρσ' ἔχον 18, 105, ἔχε δὲ στεροπὴν μετὰ χερσίν 11, 484; ἐν χερσὶν βόμβυκας Aesch. frg. 51; οὐ γὰρ ἔχω χεροῖν βελέων ἀλκάν Soph. Phil. 1135; übertr., ἐν χειρὶ τῇ σῇ πάντ' ἔχεις Eur. El. 610, s. unten 5); – ἐπ' ὤμων πατέρ' ἔχων Soph. frg. Laoc. 3, 2, wie τὸ δῶρον ἀμφὶ φαιδίμοις ἔχων ὤμοις Niptr. 5, 4; so von Kleidern u. Waffen, εἷμα δ' ἔχ' ἀμφ' ὤμοισι Il. 18, 538; auch παρδαλέην ὤμοισιν ἔχων, 3, 17; ἐπὶ τὸν ὦμον, Xen. An. 6, 3, 25; στολὴν ἀμφὶ σῶμα, Eur. Hel. 561; χιτῶνας Xen. An. 1, 5, 8; τρίβωνας Dem. 54, 34; πρόσϑεν δ' ἔχεν ἀσπίδα Il. 13, 157; von Pferden ζυγὸν ἀμ φὶς ἔχοντες Od. 3, 486; αἰχμήν, σάκος, Aesch. Spt. 511. 624 u. sonst; ähnlich auch πολιὰς ἔχω (τρίχας), ich habe graue Haare, Aesch. 1, 49. – So ist auch Od. 1, 53 erklärt worden, wo von Atlas gesagt wird ἔχει δέ τε κίονας αὐτὸς μακράς, αἳ γαῖάν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν ἀμ φὶς ἔχουσιν, er hält die Säulen u. tragt sie, die den Himmel u. die Erde von einander halten; vgl. Hes. Th. 517 Ἄτλας δ' οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχει; οἱ κίονες τὰ ἐπικείμενα βάρη Arist. Metaphys. 4, 23. Aber in der Homerischen Stelle nimmt man ἔχει besser = er beaufsichtigt, hütet, wie Odyss. 4, 737 καί μοι κῆπον ἔχει πολυδένδρεον. – Κάρη ὑψοῠ, hoch halten, Il. 6, 509. 16, 266; κάρη ὑπὲρ πασῶν, das Haupt über alle erheben, Od. 6, 107. Auch ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα, Her. 3, 32 u. Sp., von den Schwangeren gesagt, ist hierher zu ziehen, wofür γυνὴ ἔχουσα allein gesagt ist 5, 41; vgl. Arist. Polit. 7, 16. – bl halten, bes. festhalten; Il. 9, 209; χειρὸς ἔχων Μενέλαον, ihn bei der Hand haltend, 4, 154; 11, 488; Πάτροκλος ἑτέρωϑεν ἔχεν ποδός 16, 763; ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον Soph. Ant. 292; λαβεῖν καὶ σχεῖν Plat. Theaet. 197 c; ἔχειν τινὰ μέσον, ihn in der Mitte des Leibes gefaßt halten, wie der Ringer, Ar. Nubb. 1047; im pass., ἔχομαι μέσος, Ach. 546; Equ. 388; gefangen halten, τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν μὲν διεφϑαρμένων, τῶν δὲ ζώντων ἐχομένων Thuc. 2, 5; so ἔχονται οἱ ἄνδρες Xen. An. 7, 3, 47. Aehnl. auch νίκης πείρατ' ἔχονται ἐν ϑεοῖσιν, sind in der Gewalt der Götter, Il. 7, 102. Anhalten, ἵππους 4, 302, zusammenhalten, σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα ἶνες ἔχουσιν Od. 11, 219. – 2) In seiner Hand halten ist im Besitzhaben, besitzen, inne haben: – a) von Göttern, die einen Tempel, ein Land besitzen, als Schutzgottheiten darin walten, Aesch. Βρόμιος δ' ἔχει τὸν χῶρον, Eum. 24 u. öfter; Soph. O. C. 40. 54 Tr. 199; ναούς Eur. Suppl. 2; οἱ τὴν πόλιν ἔχοντες ϑεοί Plat. Legg. IV, 717 a, wie bei Hom. οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι, Il. 5, 890, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσι, 21, 267 u. öfter. So auch Thuc. 2, 74 u. Sp., z. B. D. Sic. 20, 7. – bl von Menschen, eine Stadt od. ein Land inne haben, bewohnen, ἀνϑρώπων, οἳ τήνδε πόλιν καὶ γαῖαν ἔχουσιν Od. 6, 177; οἶκον 6, 183; von den Todten, οὖδας ἔχει, 23, 46, er nimmt den Boden ein, bedeckt ihn; οἳ γᾶς ἔσχατον τόπον ἀμφὶ Μαιῶτιν ἔχουσι λίμναν Aesch. Prom. 417; ὁ τὰν Κρῖσαν βο υνόμον ἔχων ἀκτάν Soph. El. 175; Σαλαμῖνος βάϑρον Ai. 135; ähnlich ἔχεις χῶρον οὐχ ἁγνὸν πατεῖν, du stehst auf einem Platz, O. C. 37; Συρίαν Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 24. Auch von Thieren, τὰ ὄρη ἔχουσιν Xen. Cyn. 5, 12. 24. – c) in Besitz haben als Herrscher; τὸ Κάδμου ἑπτάπυλον ἔχει κράτος Eur. Herc. Fur. 543; σκῆπτρα καὶ ϑρόνους Soph. O. C. 426; τυραννίδα Eur. Phoen. 485. – d) wie bei den Göttern u. den Herrschern der Begriff des Verwaltens u. der Fürsorge hervortritt, so ist ἔχειν κῆπον Od. 4, 737 = die Aufsicht über den Garten haben, ihn besorgen, vgl. oben; πατρώϊα ἔργα, das Land bestellen, 2, 22; πύλαι, ἃς ἔχον Ωραι Il. 5, 749, ἔχειν τὰς ἀγέλας Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 7; vgl. Il. 24, 280 ἵππους αὐτὸς ἔχων ἀτίταλλε, er pflegte sie u. zog sie auf; bei Dem. 47, 45 ist ἔχειν τὰς δίκας die Gerichte verwalten. – el allgemein vom Besitz, τἀγαϑὸν χεροῖν ἔχοντες Soph. Ai. 944, vgl. Dem. ἔστι γὰρ ἔχειν καὶ τὰ ἀλλότρια, καὶ οὐχ ἅπαντες οἱ ἔχοντες ἔχο υσι τὰ ἑαυτῶν, 7, 26, der Besitz ist nicht ihr Eigenthum; αὐτῷ ταὐτά σοι δίδωμι ἔχειν Eur. Hec. 1276; ὅπως καὶ ἔχοντές τι οἴκαδε ἀφίκοιντο Xen. An. 5, 9, 17, vgl. Cyr. 4, 1, 20, mit Beute; ὁ ἔχων τι, der Etwas hat, Her. 6, 22; οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς οὐσίας Xen. Hell. 5, 2, 7; absolut, ὁ ἔχων, der Reiche, Soph. Ai. 157; Eur. Alc. 58; Xen. An. 7, 3, 28; οἱ οὐκ ἔχοντες, die Armen, Eur. Suppl. 240; ὁ ἔχων neben πλουτῶν entggstzt den ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἀπορίαις ὄντες Dem. 45, 73. Aehnl. χρέα πολλῶν ταλάντων ἔτ' ἔχων, ausstehende Forderungen habend, Dem. 36, 41, vgl. 37, 12 αἰτιώμενοι πολλῷ πλείονος ἄξια ἔχειν ὧν ἐδεδώκειμεν χρημάτων, auch von Forderungen. Daher πλέον ἔχειν, Vortheil haben, μεῖον ἔχειν, den Kürzern ziehen, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 26. 7, 3, 35. – f) hierher gehört auch die Vbdg "zur Frau haben", οὕνεκ' ἔχεις Ἑλένην Od. 4, 569, ἄλοχον Il. 9, 336, vgl. 3, 53. 13, 173; pass., τοῦπερ δὴ ϑυγάτηρ ἔχεϑ' Ἕκτορι Il. 6, 398; auch in Prosa, Xen. Cyr. 1, 5, 4 u. sonst; auch von Geliebten, Thuc. 6, 54, wie der bekannte Ausspruch Aristipps in Beziehung auf die Lais: ἔχω, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔχομαι Ath. XII, 244 d D. L. 2, 75. – g) bei sich haben, als Gast, οἷον μέν τινα τοῦτον ἔχεις ἐπίμαστον ἀλήτην, was hast du da für einen Landstreicher, Od. 20, 377; πολλοὺς ἔχων ἄνδρας λοχίτας Soph. O. R. 750; bes. vom Feldherrn, στρατὸν ἔχων Her. 7, 8, 4; τοὺς ὁπλίτας ἔχων, die Soldaten bei sich habend, Xen. u. A. oft, wo man das Particip einfacher durch mit übersetzen kann, selten mit der Präposition, τοὺς βελτίστους ἔχων μεϑ' ἑαυτοῦ Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 17. Vgl. noch προϑύμως εἶχε ὑπακουούσας Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 19, wie πειϑομένους αὐτοὺς πολὺν χρόνον οὐ δυνήσομαι ἔχειν, im Gehorsam erhalten, sie als gehorsame behalten, 7, 2, 11. – Aehnlich Ζῆν' ἔχων ἐπώμοτον, als einen Vereidigten, Zeugen, den Zeus für sich haben, Soph. Tr. 1178. – Zuweilen scheint es uns pleonastisch zu stehen, ἀναπτερώσας αὐτὴν οἴχεαι ἔχων ἐκκλέψας Her. 2, 115, du gehst mit ihr fort, u. so ἀπῆλϑεν ἔχων, er ging damit fort. – g) In Besitz nehmen, erlangen; π οῠ δύςοιστον ἕξομεν τροφάν Soph. O. C. 1684; στέφανον εὐκλείας Ai. 460; νίκης γέρας El. 677; so ist ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν zu fassen, Thuc. 6, 54 Xen. Cyr. 1, 5, 2 u. sonst; πρὶν ἔχεσϑαι τὰ ἄκρα, ehe sie eingenommen wurden, 3, 2, 12; Πύλου ἐχομένης Thuc. 4, 54; Sp., wie Plut. Rom. 18; Aesch. Τροίαν Ἀχαιοὶ τῇδ' ἔχουσι, Ag. 311. Bei Dem. 32, 14, τὴν ναῦν οἱ ἐπὶ τῇ νηῒ δεδανεικότες εὐϑέως εἶχον, ist es "in Beschlag nehmen"; τεύχε' ἔχονται, die Waffen werden festgehalten, sind geraubt, Il. 18, 197, wie ἔντεα μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἔχονται 18, 130. – h) inne haben, umgeben, φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι Il. 9, 301, αἴϑρη ἔχει κορυφήν, Heitere umgiebt den Gipfel, Od. 12, 76; vgl. αἰεὶ δ' ὄμβρος ἔχει τεϑαλυῖά τ' ἐέρση 13, 245; τοὺς δ' ἄκραντος ἔχει νύξ Aesch. Ch. 68. – il erhalten, retten, beschirmen; ὅς τέ μιν αὐτὴν ῥύσκευ, ἔχες δ' ἀλόχους Il. 24, 729; τοῦ δὲ καὶ ἄλλο τόσον μὲν ἔχε χρόα χάλκεα τεύχη 22, 322. – 3) Worauf zu halten, wohin richten, wie ὀϊστὸν ἔχεν, er richtete den Pfeil, Il. 23, 871, denn den Bogen hält man auf den Gegenstand hin, den man treffen will. So χεῖράς τε καὶ ἔγχεα ἀντίον ἀλλήλων, sie richteten die Fäuste u. Schwerter gegen einander, 5, 569. Bes. von Pferden u. Schiffen, darauflos treiben, steuern, ἵππο υς, 3, 263. 5, 230. 240. 829. 841. 8, 139. 23, 423, νῆας, Od. 9, 279. 10, 91. 11, 70; παρὲξ ἔχε δίφρον Hes. Sc. 352; παρὰ τὴν ἤπειρον ἔχον τὰς νέας Her. 6, 95; mit Auslassung von ἵππους u. νῆας steht es scheinbar intr., Πύλονδ' ἔχον, ich hielt oder steuerte auf Pylos hin, Od. 3, 182; Πάτροκλος δ' ᾗ πλεῖστον ὀρινόμενον ἴδε λαόν, τῇ ῥ' ἔχε ὁμ οκλήσας, da fuhr, lenkte er hin, Il. 16, 378, vgl. 23, 325. 401. 422; ὑπ' ἐσχάτην στήλην ἔχων ἔχριμπτ' ἀεὶ σύριγγα Soph. El. 710, vgl. 724; τάχ' ἄν τις ἄκων ἔσχε, landete an, Phil. 305; π οῖ Ar. Ran. 188; so νέες ἕσχον εἰς τὴν Ἀργολίδα χώρην Her. 6, 92; πρὸς Σαλαμῖνα 8, 40; bes, oft Thuc., εἰς Φειὰν σχόντες 2, 25, πρὶν τῇ Δήλῳ ἔσχον 3, 29, κατὰ τὸ Ποσειδώνιον 4, 129, σχὼν ἐς Σκιώνην 5, 2, ἐς τὸν αἰγιαλόν 6, 52; κάτω ἔχειν Plat. Rep. V, 465 c. – Aehnlich sind Vbdgn wie ὅστις πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχει Aesch. Prom. 264; ἴσως ἂν ἐκτὸς κλαυμάτων ἔχοις πόδα Soph. Phil. 1244, wie ἔξω πραγμάτων ἔχειν πόδα Eur. Heracl. 110; σαυτὸν ἐκποδὼν ἔχων, dich entfernt haltend, Aesch. Prom. 344, wie συμβουλεύουσιν, ἐκποδὼν ἔχειν ἐμαυτόν Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 37; τὸν ὦμον γυμνὸν πρὸς γυμνῷ τῷ Κριτοβούλου ὤμῳ ἔχων, daran haltend, lehnend, Conv. 4, 27; übertr., στυγερὰν ἔχε δύςποτμον ἀρὰν ἐπ' ἄλλοις, er richtete den Fluch gegen sie, Soph. Phil. 1105; ὧδ' ἐφάλοις κλισίαις ὄμμ' ἔχων Ai. 190, er richtete sein Auge auf die Zelte; ϑἀτέρᾳ νοῦν ἔχοντα Tr. 272, seine Gedanken, seinen Sinn worauf richten, δεῦρο νοῦν ἔχε, hierauf gemerkt, Eur. Or. 1181; ἐκεῖσε Phoen. 363; in Prosa nicht selten, ὅπως ἥκιστα πρὸς αὐτοὺς νοῦν ἔχοιεν Thuc. 3, 22, wie γνώμην 3, 25. – 4) zurückhalten, anhalten, hemmen, bes. den angreifenden Feind, den Angriff aushalten, bestehen, κρατερὴ δ' ἔχεν ἲς Ὀδυσῆος Il. 23, 720, οὐδὲ μίνυνϑ' ἕξουσι – Πηλείωνα 20, 27, χεῖρας Od. 22, 70; δάκρυον 16, 191; ὀδύνας, d. i. die Schmerzen stillen oder lindern, Il. 11, 848; κῦμα Od. 5, 451; Ἑλλήςποντον ἱερὸν ἤλπισε σχήσειν Aesch. Pers. 732; τὰν φόνιον ἔχετε φλόγα Eur. Tr. 1318; ἔχ' αὐτοῦ πόδα σόν, halt deinen Fuß dort an, I. T. 1159; Πέρσας ἔσχον Plat. Menex. 239 d, wie Xen. An. 7, 1, 20 u. sonst; βουϑυτοῦντά μ' ἀμφὶ βωμὸν ἔσχετε, hieltet mich zurück, hindertet mich, Soph. O. C. 892, vgl. Phil. 1332; ὃς παρὰ νηυσὶν ἔχεις ἀέκοντας ἑταίρους Il. 16, 204; ἔσχε μαργῶντα αὐτόν Eur. Phoen. 1156; δοιοὶ δ' ἔντοσϑεν ὀχῆες εἶχον πύλας Il. 12, 456, wie ϑύρην δ' ἔχε μοῠνος ἐπιβλής 24, 453; πύργων γῆς ἔσχομεν κατασκαφάς, wir hielten die Zerstörung ab, Eur. Phoen. 1203; mit folgendem inf., ἦ τινα καὶ Δαναῶν σχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι, ob ich auch einen der Danaer hemmen, hindern werde, Il. 17, 182; 22, 412; gew. mit μή, οὐκ ἄν ποτ' ἔσχον μὴ τάδ' ἐξειπεῖν πατρί Eur. Hipp. 658, wie Ἀριστόδικος ἔσχε μὴ ποιῆσαι ταῠτα Κυμαίους, hielt die K. ab, dies zu thun, Her. 1, 158, vgl. 9, 12; auch tritt der Artikel dazu, τὸ δὲ μὴ λεηλατῆσαι ἑλόντας σφέας τὴν πόλιν ἔσχε τόδε, daß sie nicht plünderten, hinderte Folgendes, 5, 101, wie φόβος τε συγγενὴς τὸ μὴ 'δικεῖν σχήσει Aesch. Eum. 662; – mit dem genit., wovonabhalten, ὃς τὸν λωβητῆρα ἔσχ' ἀγοράων Il. 2, 275; ὃ ταύτην τῶν μακρῶν σχήσει γόων Soph. El. 367; ὅς νιν φόνου ἔσχε Eur. Herc. Fur. 1005; τοὺς πολεμίους τῆς ἐς τὸ πρόσϑεν προόδου, vom weiteren Vordringen abhalten, Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 36; ἀσκὸς δύο ἄνδρας ἕξει τοῦ μὴ καταδῠναι An. 3, 5, 11, vgl. Hell. 4, 8, 5. – Aehnlich ist μῦϑον σιγῇ Od. 19, 502; σῖγα ἕξομεν στόμα, den Mund halten, Eur. Hipp. 660; εἶχε σιγῇ Her. 9, 93 ( σιγή). – Auch c. dat., οὐδέ οἱ ἔσχεν ὀστέον, widerstand ihm nicht, Il. 16, 740. – 5) habenin allgemeinster Bedeutung von den verschiedensten Zuständen des Leibes u. der Seele. Die Verbindungen mit Substantivis, die sich oft als Umschreibungen für einfache Verba ansehen lassen, sind bei diesen aufgeführt und werden hier nur kurz zusammengestellt: a) ἡλικίαν, ein Alter haben, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 34; ἥβην Plat. Prot. 309 b; ähnlich ἡμέρας δύο ἢ τρεῖς τῆς ἀρχῆς ἔχειν Plut. Cic. 9; –. βίοτσν εὐαίων' ἔχειν, ein glückliches Leben haben, Soph. Tr. 81, wie αἰῶνα τλάμον' ἕξω O. C. 734. – b) ἃς ἔχεις ὀργὰς ἄφες Aesch.Prom. 315; νοῦν ἔχειν Soph. El. 1001, vgl. 1457; φρόνησιν τάνδε O. R. 664, φρένας Phil. 1115; anders φρεσίν oder ἐν φρεσὶν ἔχειν, im Geiste festhalten, behalten, Hom., wie νῷ ἔχειν, sich erinnern, Plat. Euthyphr. 2 b; ἄγρας ἀΰπνους ἔχων, = ἀγρεύων, Soph. Ai. 867; – αἰσχύνην ἔχειν, = αἰσχύνεσϑαι, Eur. Andr. 243; vgl. αἰσχύνη, wo auch ἐν αἰσχύναις ἔχειν angeführt ist, wie ἐν αἰσχύνῃ ἔχειν, Xen. Cyr. 5, 1, 36, u. δι' αἰσχύνης ἔχω, Eur. I. T. 683; – βλάβην ἔχειν, = βλαφϑῆναι, Soph. Ai. 1304; – βοὴν ἔχειν, ertönen, Il. 18, 495, wie καναχὴν ἔχειν, Getöse machen, 16, 105 u. oft; – γνώμην ἔχειν, = γνῶναι, – δεῖμα, Furcht haben, Soph. Ai. 636; – διάνοιαν ἔχειν, = διανοέομαι, Plat. Legg. VIII, 828 d; – δίκην ἔχει, = δίκαιόν ἐστι, Plat. Rep. VII, 520 b; – ἔγκλημά τινι, = ἐγκαλεῖν, Soph. Phil. 322; – ἐλπίδα, Hoffnung haben, hoffen, Soph. Ai. 600 u. öfter; – ἐπιϑυμίαν Eur. Andr. 1282; δι' ἐπιμελείας ἔχειν, s. ἐπιμέλεια, ἐπιστήμην, Soph. Ant. 338; ἔρευναν ἔχειν, = ἐρευνᾶν, O. R. 566; ἔρωτα, Plat. Phaedr. 239 a, wie ἔρον Eur. El. 297; εὔνοιάν τινι, Or. 867; ἡσυχίαν ἔχω, = ἡσυχάζω, – ϑήραν, Soph. Ai. 561, Jagd halten; – κότον, Zorn hegen, Il. 1, 82; – λιτάς τινι, flehen zu Einem, Soph. O. C. 1309; λόγον ἔχει, hat Grund, ist vernunftgemäß, Plat. Theaet. 157 d; – μεριμνήματα, sorgen, Soph. Phil. 187; – μέμψιν τινί, tadeln, Aesch. Prom. 443 Soph. Phil. 1243, wie ἕν σοι μομφὴν ἔχω Eur. Or. 1069, vgl. Phoen. 773; auch Ar. Paz 633; – μνείαν u. μνήμην τινός, = μιμνήσκεσϑαι, μεμνῆσϑαι, – οἶκτον, = οἰκτείρω, Soph. Ai. 521; ὀργήν, = ὀργίζεσϑαι, Phil. 1293, wie τὴν ὀργὴν ἐπὶ Μειδίαν ἔχειν Dem. 21, 70; auch δι' ὀργῆς ἔχειν τινά, Thuc. 2, 37. 64, wie ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν 2, 18, ἐν ὀῤῥωδίᾳ, fürchten, 2, 89; δι' ἡσυχίας, 2, 22; vgl. auch δι' ἐλπίδος ἔχειν, διὰ φυλακῆς u. ähnl. unter διά; διὰ χειρὸς ἔχειν, an 1 a) erinnernd, in den Händen haben, in seiner Gewalt haben, womit beschäftigt sein, vgl. Aesch. Suppl. 193; Soph. Ant. 1243; τὰ τῶν συμμάχων Thuc. 2, 13. 76; γάμους ἑτοίμους ἐν χεροῖν ἔχειν Eur. Hel. 1402; vgl. Her. 1, 35; auch μετὰ χεῖρας ἔχειν τι, 7, 16, 2, wie Thuc. 1, 138; – διὰ στόματος ἔχειν, im Munde haben, Plut. Lyc. 6, wie ἀνὰ στόμ' αἰεὶ καὶ διὰ γλώττης ἔχειν Eur. Andr. 95; διὰ στέρνων ἔχειν, von der Gesinnung, Soph. Ant. 635; – παρουσίαν ἔχειν, = παρεῖναι, Soph. Ai. 536; – πόϑον βορᾶς Eur. Or. 189; προϑυμίαν Phoen. 909; Plat. Tim. 23 c; – προμηϑίαν ἔχειν τινός u. πρόνοιαν, Eur. Alc. 1057. 1064; σπουδήν Hec. 673; συγγνώμην ἔχειν, = συγγιγνώσκειν, Tragg.; – σπάνιν ἔχειν, = σπανίζειν, Soph. O. R. 1461; – σωφροσύνην, besonnen sein, Xen.; – τέλος, wie wir "ein Ende haben", Il. 18, 378; Plat. Rep. VI, 502 c; – ὕβριν, Uebermuth treiben, Frevel üben, Od. 1, 368. 17, 109; Soph. El. 523; ä. δῆριν, μάχην ἔχειν; – φϑέγμα ὅσιον Eur. Herc. Fur. 927 Andr. 925, vgl. βοάν; – φϑόνον, Neid hegen, Aesch. Prom. 891; – φροντίδα τινός Eur. Med. 1301; Soph. Phil. 210; ὤραν O. C. 387; – φυγὴν δὀμων Aesch. Ch. 252; – φυλακάς, Wache halten, bewachen, Il. 9, 471; Eur. Andr. 962; ἀλαοσκοπιήν Il. 13, 10 Od. 8, 285; σκοπιήν, = σκοπιάζειν, 8, 302; Her. 5, 13; – φύσιν ἔχει, es ist naturgemäß, Plat. Rep. V, 473 a; – χρείαν ἔχειν τινός u. ähnlich ἐπιδευὲς ἔχειν τινός, einer Sache Noth haben, sie vermissen, Il. 19, 180. – c) wie bes. von unglücklichen Zuständen gesagt wird κακόν, γῆρας ἔχειν, Od. 20, 83. 24, 250, ἕλκος, ll. 19, 49, ἄχεα ϑυμῷ, 3, 412, πένϑος φρεσίν, Od. 7, 219, πόνον, Hes. So. 310, κακά, συμφορἀν, Plat. Prot. 309 b Phaedr. 231 c, so wird auch umgekehrt gesagt πότμος μ' ἔχει, Soph. Ir. 270, mich hält gefesselt, wie ὕπνος Phil. 811, ϑάνατος ἐν τάφοις O. R. 942; auch ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἔσχε μοῖρ' Ἀχιλλέα ϑανεῖν, Phil. 1132; vgl. πυρετὸς τὸν ἄνϑρωπον ἔχει Arist. Metaphys. 4, 23; was auf viele andere, bes. Gemüthszustände übertragen wird, ἀνάγκη σε ἔχει Plat. Euthyd. 293 e, ἦ ῥά σε οἶνος ἔχει φρένας Od. 18, 391, bethört dich; φόβος μ' ἔχει φρένας Aesch. Suppl. 379; eben so mit doppeltem acc., στρόφος μ' ἔχει τὴν γαστέρα κὠδύνη Ar. Th. 484; ἄγνοιά μ' ἔχει Soph. Tr. 349, αἰδώς Eur. Hec. 970 Gr. 460, ἀφασία u. ä., die man unter den subst. nachsehen kann; – ὄφρα με βίος ἔχῃ Soph. El. 318, so lange ich lebe; οὓς ἔχε γῆρας Il. 18, 515; γέλως ἔχει τινά, kommt ihn an, Od. 8, 344; – δύη 14, 215; ἔρως χρημάτων Eur. Suppl. 178; Aesch. Suppl. 516; – εὐεργεσίαι αὐτοὺς εἶχον, verpflichteten sie, waren ihnen erzeigt, Her. 1, 69; – ϑαῦμα u. ä., ἄγη, σέβας, Hom. u. Tragg.; – ἵμερος Soph. O. C. 1723; – κίνδυνος πόλιν ἔσχε Eur. Hec. 5; κλέος, Hom. u. Folgde, wie φάμα, Eur. Med. 470; ἵνα λόγος ἀγαϑός σε ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνϑρώπων Her. 7, 5; κομιδή Od. 24, 249; ὄκνος Soph. O. C. 658; πάϑος Plat. Conv. 217 c; λιμός, δίψη, Aesch. Ch. 746; μένος ἠελίοιο ἔχεν μιν, die Gluth der Sonne ergriff ihn, Od. 10, 160; προϑυμία Eur. Ion 1110; vgl. Plat. Soph. 239 b; – τέρψις Soph. O. R. 1477; – φιλοψυχία Plat. Apol. 37 c; φλυαρία Rep. I, 336 c; – ὅτου σε χρεία καὶ πόϑος μάλιστ' ἔχει Soph. Phil. 642; ὅτ' ἂν ὠδίνουσαν ἔχῃ βέλος ὀξὺ γυναῖκα Il. 11, 269; ὥς σφεας ἡσυχίη εἶχε πολιορκίης, als sie Ruhe hatten, Her. 6, 135. – Auch passio., gefesselt, gehalten werden, behaftet sein, ἀνάγκῃ ἔχεσϑαι, Xen. An. 2, 5, 21; ἔχομαι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι Od. 8, 182; ἄσϑματι Il. 15, 10; κωκυτῷ καὶ οἰμωγῇ 22, 409; – ὑπὸ ἐπιϑυμίας Plat. Rep. III, 390 c; μανίαις Legg. IX, 881 b; περιπλευμονίᾳ Lach. 192 c; ν οσήμασι, mit Krankheiten behaftet, Phil. 45 b; – ὀργῇ, ἀγρυπνίῃσι, Her. 1, 141. 3, 129. – Aehnlich οἷσιν εἴχετ' ἐν κακοῖς Soph. Ai. 265, vgl. 1124; ἐν ἀπορίᾳ ἔχεσϑαι, von Verlegenheit, von Noth bedrängt werden, Plat. Gorg. 522 a; ἐν ξυμφοραῖς τε καὶ πένϑεσι Rep. III, 395 e, wie ἐν ἀπόρῳ Thuc. 1, 25 u. ὑπ' ἀπορίας πολλῆς Plat. Legg. VI, 780 b. – d) von anderer Art sind die folgdu Verbindungen, wo man es durch παρέχειν erklären kann: ἀγανάκτησιν ἔχειν, Gelegenheit zum Unwillen geben, Unwillen verursachen, Thuc. 2, 41; αἰσχύνην οὔπω ἔχοντος τοῠ ἔργου, es brachte noch keine Schande mit sich, 1, 5; – αἰτίαν ἔχειν, die Schuld tragen, beschuldigt werden, Soph. Ant. 1296; πολλῶν κακῶν Eur. El. 213; ὑπό τινος, Aesch. Eum. 99. 549; mit folgendem ὡς, Plat. Rep. VIII, 565 b, wie πολλὴν τὴν αἰτίαν ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν εἶχε Thuc. 6, 46; auch δι' αἰτίας ἔχειν, 2, 60 u. ἐν αἰτίᾳ ἔχειν, beschuldigen, s. αἰτία. Eben so ὑποψίαν ἔχειν, verdächtig sein, Dem. 57, 24, aber auch Argwohn hegen, 61, 5; – αἴσϑησιν ἔχειν, bemerkt werden, ταῦτ' ἀπιστίαν, ταῠτ' ὀργὴν ἔχει, Dem. 10, 44, erregt Mißtrauen u. Zorn; κατάμεμψιν ἔχειν, Grund zum Tadel geben, Thuc. 2, 41; ἔλεον ἔχειν, Mitleid erregen, Plut. Them. 10; ὄψιν, den Anblick gewähren, Xen. An. 5, 9, 9; vgl. προὐφάνης δὲ φιλτάτην ἔχων πρόςοψιν Soph. El. 1277; ἱδρῶτα οὐκ ὀλίγον ἔχει τοῖς ὁδοιπόροις ὁ ἐπ' ἀρετὴν οἶμος, eigtl. er hat Schweiß für die, verursacht den Wanderern Schweiß, Luc. Hermot. 2 (anders ist τιμήν, φϑόνον ἔχειν παρά τινι, Plut. Sol. 29 Them. 29); – πικρὰς ὠδῖνας ἔχουσαι beißen die Eileithyien, die bittere Wehen verursachen, Il. 11, 272. – 6) vom Gewicht, haben, schwer sein, νόμισμα εἶχεν Ἀττικὰς δραχμὰς δέκα D. Sic. 11, 26, vgl. 2, 9; τράπεζα σταϑμὸν ἔχουσα ταλάντων πεντακοσίων, der funfzig Talente wog. – 7) aus Verbindungen, wie ὄφρ' ἂν ἔχῃς βόσκειν σὴν γαστέρα, Od. 18, 364, damit du habest, den Bauch zu nähren, daß du deinen Bauch nähren könnest, entwickelt sich die Bedeutung können, vermögen, im Stande sein, οὐδὲ πόδεσσιν εἶχε στηρίξασϑαι, er konnte sich nicht auf die Füße stützen, Il. 21, 242 u. öfter; am Gewöhnlichsten mit dem inf. aor., ἔχω φράσαι, ich habe zu sagen, kann anzeigen, Pind. Ol. 13, 11 N. 7, 56; οὐδὲν ἀντειπ εῖν ἔχω Aesch. Prom. 51; οὐκ ἔχω προςεικάσαι Ag. 158; ταῠτα γάρ σ' ἔχω μόνον προςειπεῖν Soph. O. R. 1071; τὸ μέλλον οὐκ ἔχω μαϑεῖν Eur. Hec. 761; τάδε μὲν ἔχομεν ὁρᾶν Soph. Tr. 946; πόλλ' ἂν λέγειν ἔχοιμι Phil. 1036; in Prosa bes. mit λέγειν u. ä., οὐδὲν ἔχουσιν οὔτε ἀποκρίνασϑαι οὔτε ἐρέσϑαι Plat. Prot. 329 a. Auch ohne den inf., ἀλλ' οὔπως ἔτι εἶχε Il. 17, 354; λέγοις ἄν, εἴ τι τῶνδ' ἔχοις ὑπέρτερον Aesch. Ch. 103, wo man λέγειν leicht ergänzen kann, wie Xen. An. 2, 1, 9, ἀποκρίνασϑε, ὅ τι κάλλιστον ἔχετε, ein ἀποκρίνασϑαι, antwortet, was ihr am Besten zu antworten wißt. Vgl. noch ἐξ οἵων ἔχω, αἰτῶ, so sehr ich kann, Soph. El. 1379, wie ἐπεκούρησας ὅσον εἶχες φίλοις Eur. I. A. 1453. – Noch häufiger folgt, bes. in Prosa, ein Fragesatz, οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ, ich weiß nicht, was ich sagen soll, ich habe Nichts zu sagen, Aesch. Ch. 89; Soph. O. C. 318 u. sonst; οὐκ ἔχω τίς ἄν γενοίμαν Aesch. Prom. 907; ὅπως μολούμεϑ' ἐς δόμους οὐκ ἔχω Soph. O. C. 1740; ὑμῖν οὐκ ἔχω τί χρήσομαι Eur. Heracl. 440 u. sonst, ich weiß nicht, was ich mit euch machen soll; τὰ ἐπιτήδεια οὐκ εἶχον ὁπόϑεν λαμβάνοιεν Xen. An. 3, 5, 3; Sp., wie Luc., οὐκ εἶχον ὅπως ἐκμάϑοιμι Philops. 35. – Uebh. w i ssen, verstehen, eigentlich, τέχνην δὲ κακὴν ἔχει, er besitzt die Kunst, hat sie inne, Hes. Th. 770, wie Eur. I. T. 43; neben ἐπίστασϑαι, Her. 3, 130; λέληϑα ταύτην ἔχων τὴν τέχνην Plat. Theaet. 149 a; ἰατρικήν Prot. 322 c, wie ἐπιστήμην Euthyd. 273 e; τὰ πρὸ τῆς τέχνης μαϑήματα Phaedr. 269 b; ἱκανῶς ἔχομεν τοῦτο, ὅτι, das wissen wir wohl, daß, Phaed. 71 a; οἱ τὰς τέχνας ἔχοντες, die Kunstverständigen, Künstler u. Handwerker, Xen. Mem. 3, 10, 1. Auch ἵππων ἀϑανάτων ἐχέμεν δμῆσίν τε μένος τε, Il. 17, 476, kann man hierherziehen, das Bändigen verstehen. Man vgl. noch ἔχεις τι κἀξήκουσας Soph. Ant. 9, εἴ τιν' ἄλλην μαντικῆς ἔχεις ὁδόν O. R. 311; auch ἔχεις τίνα σωτηρίαν; Eur. Or. 776, weißt du ein Mittel zur Rettung? wie οὐκ ἔχω κατακρυφάν Soph. O. C. 218, ich weiß nicht zu verbergen; ἄλλον δ' αἶνον ἔχω ματροπόλει ib. 713, ich kann sie loben. Vgl. noch ἅλωσις. – 8) intr., sichverhalten, sich in einer Lage, Verfassung, Stimmung u. dgl. befinden, – al gew. mit Adverbien, durch sein mit dem Adjectivum zu übersetzen; εὖ ἔχει, er steht gut, Od. 24, 245, wie bei den Attikern häufig καλῶς ἔχει, es ist gut; ἀναγκαίως ἔχει, es ist nohwendig (s. unter ἀναγκαῖος, wie übh. diese Verbindungen bei den betreffenden Adjectivis angegeben sind). Bes. häufig οὕτως ἔχει, so verhält es sich, so steht es, Ar. Plut. 110 u. A.; οὕτω δ' ἐχόντων sc. τῶν πραγμάτων, in solcher Lage, Xen. An. 3, 2, 10; οὕτω δ' ἔχει, unter der Bedingung, 5, 6, 12; auch οἶδα ταῠτα τῇδ' ἔχοντα, Soph. Phil. 1320; οἶσϑ' ὡς ἔχει; weißt du, wie oder was es ist? Plat. Phaedr. 236 d; – ὥςπερ εἶχεν, von Her. an bei den Geschichtschreibern häufig, so wie er gerade war, wie er ging u. stand, sogleich, sofort, ὀργῇ ὡς εἶχεν ἐλϑών Her. 1, 114, vgl. 1, 61; ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ πλεῖν ὥςπερ ἔχομεν, ohne Verzug, Thuc. 3, 30; vgl. Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 7 An. 4, 1, 19; Folgde; σκάπτε ὡς ἔχεις Luc. Tim. 40. – Oft tritt zur näheren Erklärung ein gen. hinzu, ὡς ὀργῆς ἔχω Soph. O. R. 345; πῶς εὐμενείας ἔχεις Eur. Hel. 320, eigentlich, wie du dich in Beziehung auf das Wohlwollen verhältst, wie wohlwollend du bist; ὡς ποδῶν εἶχε Her. 6, 116, was die Füße vermochten, wie ὡς τάχους εἶχε, so schnell er konnte, 8, 107; Thuc. 2, 90; ὡς ἔχοι τῆς μνήμης 1, 22; μετρίως ἔχων βίου Her. 1, 32; εὖ σώματος ἔχει, er befindet sich wohl, Plat. Rep. III, 404 d; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα παιδείας ὅπως ἔχει καὶ δικαιοσύνης Gorg. 470 e, wie es mit ihm in Ansehung der Bildung u. Gerechtigkeit steht, wie gebildet u. gerecht er ist; Folgde häufig, ὡς ἕκαστος ἑτοιμότητος καὶ βουλήσεως ἔσχε Plut. Cam. 32, wie Jeder bereitwillig war. Vgl. noch ὅπου συμφορᾶς ἔχεις, in welchem Unglück du dich befindest, Eur. El. 236. – Doch auch εὖ oder κακῶς ἔχω τὸ σῶμα, Xen. – Andere Bestimmungen sind: πῶς ἔχεις πρὸς ἐπιστήμην; Plat. Prot. 352 b; πῶς ἔχουσι Φιλίππῳ; wie sind sie gegen Philipp gesinnt? Dem. 2, 17, vgl. 3, 8 ἐχόντων μὲν ὡς ἔχουσι Θηβαῖοι ὑμῖν u. Arist. Eth. 8, 2. – Die Verbindungen ἔχειν σιγῇ, ἔχε ἠρέμα, ἡσυχῆ, ἀτρέμα u. ä., sich ruhig verhalten, s. unter diesen Wörtern. – Ἔχε αὐτοῦ, halt da an! Dem. 45, 26; σχές, οὗπερ εἶ, halt an, sprich nicht weiter, Soph. O. C. 1171; vgl. Eur. I. A. 1467; – ἔχε, vor einem Imperativ, wie ἄγε, wohlan, ἔχ' ἀποκάϑαιρε τὰς τραπέζας Ar. Paz 1193; Vesp. 1135; ἔχε νῠν, ἄμειψον τὸν τράχηλον Equ. 490; ἔχε δή μοι τόδε εἰπέ Plat. Ion 535 b; ἔχε δή, πότερον λέγεις –, Prot. 349 d; ἔχε δὴ ἴδωμεν, halt, laß uns sehen, Crat. 435 e. – b) ähnlich mit Präpositionen, διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχοντες, behutsam, Thuc. 2, 81, wobei die betreffenden Präpositionen nachzusehen sind. Eigenthümlich καίτοι τινὲς ἐπιτιμῶσι τῶν λόγων τοῖς ὑπὲρ τοὺς ἰδιώτας ἔχουσι Isocr. 4, 11, die über die Ungebildeten hinausgehen, wo man fälschlich eine Tmesis für ὑπερέχειν annimmt; – ἀμφί τι ἔχειν, sich mit Etwas beschäftigen, ὅπως οἱ πολέμιοι ἀμφὶ ταῠτα ἔχοιεν Xen. An. 5, 2, 26, öfter. S. ἀμφί c 31. – Andere Verbindungen der Art sind: ἕξω δ' ὡς λίϑος, ich werde mich halten, wie ein Stein, Od. 19, 494, ἔχον ὥστε τάλαντα γυνή, sc. ἔχει, sie hielten sich, wie ein Weib die Wagschale (im Gleichgewicht) hält, Il. 12, 433, vgl. 13, 679; ἔχον ὥς σφιν πρῶτον ἀπήχϑετο Ἴλιος Il. 24, 27, sie blieben bei ihrem früheren Hasse gegen Ilios; – κίονες ὑψόσ' ἔχοντες, Od. 19, 38, sind in die Höhe ragende Säulen, wie ἔκτοσϑε ὀδόντες ἔχον ἔνϑα καὶ ἔνϑα, sie ragten hier u. da empor, Il. 10, 263; vgl. ἔγχος ἔσχε δι' ὤμου, der Speer ragte durch die Schulter hervor, 13, 520. 14, 452, welche Stellen den Uebergang machen zu der Bdtg – 9) sich wohin erstrecken, wohin reichen, ὁδοὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν ἔχουσαι, die zum Fluß hinführen, Her. 1, 180; διώρυχα τὴν ἐκ τοῠ Νείλου ἔχουσαν ἐς τὸν Ἀράβων κόλπον, der sich vom Nil bis zum arabischen Meerbusen erstreckt, 4, 42, vgl. 2, 91; ἔχει πρὸς ἑσπέρην 2, 17; κῶμαι ὑπὸ τὸ Παρϑένιον π όλισμα ἔχουσαι Xen. An. 7, 8, 21, die sich bis unter die Stadt hinziehen; auch übertr., τὰ ἐς Ὅμηρον ἔχοντα Her. 2, 53, was den Homer betrifft, angeht, wie τὸ ἐς Ἀργείους ἔχον 6, 19; τὸν χρησμὸν εἰς Πέρσας ἔχειν 9, 43, wie ἐς' Αϑηναίους εἶχε τὸ ἔπος εἰρημένον, es ging auf die Athener, 7, 143; ἔχϑρης παλαιῆς ἐχούσης ἐς Ἀϑηναίους, gegen die Athener gerichtet, 5, 81; öfter bei Paus., wie ὅσον εἰς τὴν ἅλωσιν τὴν Ἀϑηναίων ἔχει δηλώσω 1, 20, 4. Vgl. oben 3). – 10) in Verbindung mit Participien behält es oft seine eigentliche Bdtg bei, ἀδελφὴν τὴν ἐμὴν γήμας ἔχεις, du hast sie geheirathet u. hast sie nun zur Frau, Soph. O. R. 577; Κορινϑίο υς δήσαντες εἶχον, sie banden sie u. dielten sie in Hast, Thuc. 1, 30; πολλὰς ὑφ' ἑαυτῇ ἔχειν δουλωσαμένην, nachdem sie viele unterjocht, hält sie dieselben in Unterwürfigkeit, Plat. Rep. I, 351 b. Aehnlich lassen sich erklären: οὐκ ἔραμαι πολὺν ἐν μεγάρῳ πλοῠτον κατακρύψαις ἔχειν, wo auch wir "verborgen halten" sagen, Pind. N. 1, 31; vgl. Hes. O. 42 κρύψαντες γὰρ ἔχουσι ϑεοὶ βίον ἀνϑρώποισι. Auch ἀμφοτέρων με τούτων ἀποκληΐσας ἔχεις Her. 1, 37 ist = du hältst mich ausgeschlossen; ἐν οἷς τὰ ἐπιτήδεια εἶχον πάντα ἀνακεκομισμένοι Xen. An. 4, 7, 1, unserem "sie hatten die Lebensmittel dahin gebracht" ähnl., ist eigentlich = in welchen sie alle Lebensmittel hatten, nachdem sie dieselben hingeschafft hatten. Oft aber wird nur ein dauernder Zustand dadurch ausgedrückt, ϑαυμάσας ἔχω, ich verhalte mich als Einer der sich wunderte, ich bin in Staunen begriffen, Soph. Phil. 1346; Plat. Phaedr. 257 c; κἀποδηλώσας ἔχει τραχὺν πετραῖον ὄρνιν Aesch. frg. 300; τὸν μὲν προτίσας, τὸν δ' ἀτιμάσας ἔχει, er hält Jenen in Ehren, Soph. Ant. 22; ταρβήσας ἔχω Tr. 37; ὅς σφε νῠν ἀτιμάσας ἔχει Eur. Med. 33; αὐτῆς ἐρασϑεὶς ἔχειν λέγεται Plat. Crat. 404 c. – Seltener ist dabei das partic. perf., οἷά μοι βεβουλευχὼς ἔχει Soph. O. R. 701, ὅν γ' εἶχον ἤδη χρόνιον ἐκβεβληκότες Phil. 596; ὧν πολλὰ χρήματα ἔχομεν ἡρπακότες Xen. An. 1, 3, 14, welches Beispiel sich mehr an die zuerst angeführten anreiht. – Auch part. praes., ἐπεὶ σὺ ἐπὶ δάκρυσι καὶ γόοις τὸν ϑανόντα – καταστένουσ' ἔχεις Eur. Tr. 318. – 11) scheinbar pleonastisch steht es in τί δῆτα ἔχων στρέφει; was hast du, daß du dich sträubst, warum sträubst du dich? Plat. Phaedr. 236 e; vgl. τί δῆτα διατρίβεις ἔχων; was hast du zu zögern? Ar. Nubb. 509; Eccl. 1151; τί γὰρ ἕστηκ' ἔχων; ib. 853; τί κοικύλλεις ἔχων; Th. 852; häufig ἔχων φλυαρεῖς, Plat. Euthyd. 295 c Gorg. 490 e; Ar. ληρεῖς ἔχων, παίζεις ἔχων, du spaßest, dich so verhaltend, d. i. wie du pflegst, wie es dir zum dauernden Zustand geworden ist. Eine Vertauschung der Modi anzunehmen u. ἔχεις ληρῶν "du verhältst dich als ein Spaßmacher, "bist ein Spaßmacher" zu erklären, ist unnöthig.
Med. – a) für sich halten, ἀσπίδα πρόσϑε σχόμενος, vor sich haltend, Il. 12, 294. 298, σάκος, 20, 262, ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα, indem sie sich vor die Wangen hielt, Od. 1, 334. 21, 65; vgl. Ap. Rh. 3, 445. – b) sich halten, sich behaupten, ἔχεο κρατερῶς Il. 16, 501. 17, 559, Schol. erkl. ἀντέχου τῆς μάχης; ἄντα σχομένη, gegenüber Stand haltend, Od. 6, 141; wie das act. mit dem acc., οὐδ' ἔτι φασὶν Ἕκτορος μένος καὶ χεῖρας σχήσεσϑαι, Il. 17, 639. 12, 126. – c) sichan Etwashalten, festhalten, τῷ (ἐρινεῷ) προςφὺς ἐχόμην Od. 12, 433; c. gen., πέτρης Od. 5, 429; ἀώτου ϑεσπεσίοιο 9, 435; ἀκμάζει βρετέων ἔχεσϑαι Aesch. Spt. 95; δράκοντος δ' εἴχετο γενύων Pind. P. 4, 244; ὁποῖα κισσὸς δρυὸς ὅπως τῆςδ' ἕξομαι Eur. Hec. 396; ἐμῆς ἔχετο χερός Bacch. 197; πέπλων I. A. 1461; ὡς πείσματος Plat. Legg. X, 893 b; καί μοι ἕπου χλαμύδος ἐχόμενος Luc. Tim. 30; übertr., τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης ἔχομαι, ich halte mich an derselben Ansicht, bleibe dabei, Thuc. 1, 140; τοῦ αὐτοῦ λόγου 5, 49, wie Her. 7, 5; τῆς προφάσιος 6, 94; ἐπωνυμιέων, Namen haben, 2, 17; τῆς σωτηρίας, an der Rettung eifrig arbeiten, Xen. An. 6, 1, 17; τοῠ πολέμου Thuc. 6, 88, wie ἔργου Pind. P. 4, 233; Her. 2, 17; Thuc. 2, 2; Arr. An. 6, 6, 6 u. A.; μάχης, ἧς νῠν ἔχονται Soph. O. C. 425; – ἑξόμεϑα αὐτοῦ, wir werden uns an ihn halten, Xen. An. 7, 6, 41; Ar. Plut. 101; – τὸν νομοϑέτην ἀληϑείας ἐχόμενον, der sich an der Wahrheit hält, sich derselben befleißigt, Plat. Legg. IV, 709 c. – Ἃ διδασκάλων ἔχεται, was die Lehrer betrifft, Plat. Prot. 324 d, vgl. ὅσα ἔχεται τῶν αἰσϑήσεων Legg. II, 661 a; – σέο ἕξεται, von dir wird es abhangen, Il. 9, 102. Mit ἐκ vbdn, Ἀλκινόου ἐκ τοῠδ' ἔχεται ἔργον τε ἔπος τε Od. 11, 346, hängt von ihm ab. – Hierher ist auch wohl Soph. O. R. 709 zu ziehen, βρότειον οὐδὲν μαντικῆς ἔχον τέχνης, wo die Schol. ἐχόμενον, ἁπτό μενον erklären. – d) unmittelbar daranstoßen, darauf folgen, zusammenhangen, bes. im partic., οἱ ἐχόμενοι, die Nachbarn, Her. 1, 134, τούτων ἔχονται οἱ Γελιγάμμαι 4, 169; Thuc. 5, 67; ἐν τῇ ἐχομένῃ ἐμοῠ κλίνῃ Plat. Conv. 217 d; τὴν ἐχομένην χώραν κατέχον ἐκείνης Parm. 148 e; δύ' εἶναι χάσματε ἐχομένω ἀλλήλοιν Rep. X, 614 c, dicht aneinanderliegend; Salamis heißt ἡ ἐχομένη νῆσος Isocr. 4, 96; τὰ τούτων ἐχόμενα. was damit zusammenhängt, ibd. 4, 23; Plat. Rep. III, 389 c; neben ὅμοια Legg. VII, 811 d; bes. auch beim Aufführen der Schlachtordnung, z. B. Πρόξενος ἐχόμενος, daneben stand Proxenus, Xen. An. 1, 8, 4; ἐχομένους ὅτι μάλιστα τῶν ἁρμάτων ἕπεσϑαι, sich so dicht wie möglich an die Wagen haltend, Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 9. – Mit dem dat. scheinbar Plat., ἐάν τίς σε τὰ ἐχόμενα τούτοις ἐφεξῆς ἅπαντα ἐρωτᾷ Gorg. 494 a, wo der dat. von ἐφεξῆς abhangen kann, aber sicher D. Sic. 3, 24 ἐχόμενοι τούτοις εἰσὶν οἱ ὑλοφάγοι; vgl. Pol. 12, 17, 7 u. a. Sp.; τοῦ ἐχομένου ἔτους, im folgenden Jahre, Thuc. 6, 3; ἐκ τῶν ἐχομένων γνώσεσϑε, ihr werdet aus dem Folgenden einsehen, Isocr. 6, 29; ἐν τοῖς ἐχομένοις ἔσται φανερόν Arist. H. A. 5, 11. – Zuweilen wird damit nur eine Hervorhebung des Subjects bezweckt, wie bei Her. τὰ τῶν ὀνειράτων, καρπῶν, σιτίων, οἰκετῶν ἐχόμενα, Alles was auf die Träume, Früchte u. s. w. Bezug hat, die Träume u. s. w. mit allen Umständen, 1, 120. 190. 2, 78. 3, 25. 66. 5, 49. 8, 142. – e) sich enthalten, abstehen wovon, absolut, Il. 9, 235, wie σχέο, laß ab, 21, 379, σχέσϑε 22, 416; ἔχεσϑ', ἔχεσϑε, wie im act., haltet an, Eur. Or. 1349; gew. c. gen., σχέσϑαι μάχης, βίης, Il. 3, 84 Od. 4, 422; ἐχώμεϑα δηϊοτῆτος ἐκ βελέων Il. 14, 129; οἱ Αἰγινῆται ἔσχοντο τῆς τιμωρίης Her. 6, 85, sie standen davon ab, vgl. 7, 237; ἔσχοντο μάχης, δρόμου, Plut. Rom. 30 Caes. 32; μανίης ἔσχετο Luc. Dea Syr. 22; auch mit folgdm inf., Ap. Rh. 1, 328. So wird auch Soph. O. R. 891 τῶν ἀϑίκτων ἕξεται erkl., er wird sich enthalten, während Andere übersetzen "er wird sich an dem Unnahbaren "halten, es antasten". – Thuc. braucht so auch das act., Ἑλληνικοῦ πολέμου ἔσχον οἱ Ἀϑηναῖοι 1, 112. – f) in der Stelle Il. 7, 248, ἐν τῇ δ' ἑβδομάτῃ ῥινῷ σχέτο, hielt die Lanze an, blieb stecken, faßten es Einige passivisch, vgl. ϑαλερὴ δέ οἱ ἔσχετο φωνή Od. 4, 705, sie stockte; κηληϑμῷ ἔσχοντο Od. 11, 333. 13, 2; Callim. Iov. 28 ὑπ' ἀμηχανίης σχομένη, Ap. Rh. 4, 920 οἱ δ' ἄχεϊ σχόμενοι, ἀφασίῃ 3, 811; obwohl auch diese Stellen den passiven Gebrauch nicht erweisen. – g) bei Soph. Ant. 463, εἰ τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς μητρὸς ϑανόντ' ἄϑαπτον ἐσχόμην νέκυν, ist es = wenn ich ertrüge, duldete, wie das activ. ib. 417 steht, μύσαντες εἴχομεν ϑείαν νόσον. – Das pass. ist schon bei den einzelnen Fällen erwähnt, es ist im Simplex viel weniger in Gebrauch als das act. – Die Bedeutung "wofür halten ( habere, νομίζω)" ist selbst bei Sp. unsicher; Isocr. 12, 30 ist von Bekker τίνας οὖν καλῶ πεπαιδευμένους für die vulgata ἔχω aus einem guten Codex hergestellt.
См. также в других словарях:
.αυτοῦ — αὑτοῦ , ἑαυτοῦ Stadtrecht von Gortyn neut gen sg αὑτοῦ , ἑαυτοῦ Stadtrecht von Gortyn masc gen sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
αυτού — και ευτού (AM αὐτοῡ) επίρρ. ακριβώς σ αυτό το μέρος, εδώ, εκεί νεοελλ. 1. τη στιγμή που, τότε που, καθώς 2. τότε, στη στιγμή αρχ. φρ. «αὐτοῡ ταύτη» ακριβώς εδώ. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Γενική της αντωνυμίας αυτός (πρβλ. άλλος > αλλού, πάντα > παντού)] … Dictionary of Greek
αυτού — 1. επίρρ. τοπικό, σ αυτό το μέρος: Κάθισε αυτού που είσαι. 2. σπν. επίρρ. χρον., τότε: Κι αυτού στο γέρμα του ηλιού, κοντά να ξημερώσει (δημοτ. στίχ.) … Νέο ερμηνευτικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Новый толковании словарь современного греческого)
αὐτοῦ — αὐτός self neut gen sg αὐτός self masc gen sg αὐτοῦ just there indeclform (adverb) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
αὑτοῦ — ἑαυτοῦ Stadtrecht von Gortyn neut gen sg ἑαυτοῦ Stadtrecht von Gortyn masc gen sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
Εἰς τὴν αὐτοῦ κεφαλήν. — εἰς τὴν αὐτοῦ κεφαλήν. См. На чью либо голову … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
Τὴν αὐτοῦ σκιὰν φοβεῖσθαι. — τὴν αὐτοῦ σκιὰν φοβεῖσθαι. См. Собственной тени боится … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
Τὸν λύκον οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ τρέφουσιν. — τὸν λύκον οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ τρέφουσιν. См. Волка ноги кормят … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
Οὐδεὶς ἔπτυσεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, ὡς μὴ τὸ πτύσμα πρὸς τὸ αὐτοῦ καταπεσεῖν πρόσωπον. — См. Вверх не плюй: себя побереги … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
Ποικιλώτερος αὐτοῦ Πρωτέως. — См. Протей … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
καὐτοῦ — αὐτοῦ , αὐτός self neut gen sg αὐτοῦ , αὐτός self masc gen sg αὐτοῦ , αὐτοῦ just there indeclform (adverb) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
